Chapter #5Nomenclature

CHAPTER #5 CONTENTS5.1 Sugar and Salt5.2 Compound Composition5.3 Chemical Formulas5.4 Molecular substances5.5 Ionic Formulas5.6 Nomenclature5.7 Ionic Compound Nomenclature5.8 Molecular compound Nomenclature5.9 Acid Nomenclature5.10 Summary5.11 Formula Mass

5.1 Sugar and Salt• Sugar is an example of a molecular compound and there

are hundreds of different sugars. Some examples:– Sucrose (Table sugar) C12H22O11

– Glucose (Blood sugar) C6H12O6

• Salt, like sugar, there are hundreds of different salts. Some examples are:– Sodium Chloride (Table salt) NaCl

– Calcium Chloride CaCl2

• What salt and sugar have in common is that they are examples of compounds. Salt is an example of an ionic compound and sugar is an example of an ionic compound. Ionic compounds are made of a metal and nonmetal, while molecular compounds are made of nonmetals

5.2 Compound Composition• Compounds are examples of homogeneous matter. They

are not mixtures, but exact combinations of different elements. The composition of compounds is never changing, meaning the atom ratios never change.

Binary means two different elements

Ionic means metal and nonmetal

Step 1First give the name of the metal, followed by thenonmetal name using the “ide” suffix.

Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to todescribe the charge of the metal. Except Ag,Zn,and Al

Examples

NaCl Al2O3

FeCl2 FeCl3

NOMENCLATUREI. Binary Ionic compounds

Binary means two different elements

Ionic means metal and nonmetal

Step 1First give the name of the metal, followed by thenonmetal name using the “ide” suffix.

Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to todescribe the charge of the metal. Except Ag,Zn,and Al

Examples

NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3

FeCl2 FeCl3

NOMENCLATUREI. Binary Ionic compounds

Binary means two different elements

Ionic means metal and nonmetal

Step 1First give the name of the metal, followed by thenonmetal name using the “ide” suffix.

Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to todescribe the charge of the metal. Except Ag,Zn,and Al

Examples

NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 Aluminum oxide

FeCl2 FeCl3

NOMENCLATUREI. Binary Ionic compounds

Binary means two different elements

Ionic means metal and nonmetal

Step 1First give the name of the metal, followed by thenonmetal name using the “ide” suffix.

Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to todescribe the charge of the metal. Except Ag,Zn,and Al

Examples

NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 Aluminum oxide

FeCl2 Iron(II) chloride FeCl3

NOMENCLATUREI. Binary Ionic compounds

Binary means two different elements

Ionic means metal and nonmetal

Step 1First give the name of the metal, followed by thenonmetal name using the “ide” suffix.

Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to todescribe the charge of the metal. Except Ag,Zn,and Al

Examples

NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 Aluminum oxide

FeCl2 Iron(II) chloride FeCl3 iron(III) chloride

NOMENCLATUREI. Binary Ionic compounds

II. Nonbinary Ionic compoundsNonbinary means more than two different elements

Step 1

First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name.

Step 2

If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al.

Examples

NaOH Fe(NO3)3

FeSO4Zn(C2H3O2)2

Formula Name Formula Name

NH4+ Ammonium O2

2- Peroxide

C2H3O2- Acetate NO3

- Nitrate

CO32- Carbonate NO2

- Nitrite

HCO31- Hydorgen

carbonateSO4

2- Sulfate

ClO4- Perchlorate SO3

2- Sulfite

ClO3- Chlorate PO4

3- Phosphate

ClO2- Chlorite PO3

3- Phosphite

ClO- Hypochlorite CrO42- Chromate

CN- Cyanide Cr2O72- Dichromate

OH- Hydroxide MnO41- Permanganate

Memorized Polyatomic Ion List

II. Nonbinary Ionic compoundsNonbinary means more than two different elements

Step 1

First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name.

Step 2

If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al.

Examples

NaOH Fe(NO3)3

FeSO4Zn(C2H3O2)2

Sodium hydroxide

CO

II. Nonbinary Ionic compoundsNonbinary means more than two different elements

Step 1

First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name.

Step 2

If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al.

Examples

NaOH Fe(NO3)3

FeSO4Zn(C2H3O2)2

Sodium hydroxide

Iron(III) nitrate

II. Nonbinary Ionic compoundsNonbinary means more than two different elements

Step 1

First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name.

Step 2

If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al.

Examples

NaOH Fe(NO3)3

FeSO4Zn(C2H3O2)2

Sodium hydroxide

Iron(III) nitrate

Iron(II) sulfate

II. Nonbinary Ionic compoundsNonbinary means more than two different elements

Step 1

First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name.

Step 2

If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then aRoman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al.

Examples

NaOH Fe(NO3)3

FeSO4Zn(C2H3O2)2

Sodium hydroxide

Iron(III) nitrate

Iron(II) sulfate Zinc acetate

III. Binary molecular Compounds

Step 1First give the name of the first nonmetal,followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide”

suffix.Step 2

Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound.

ExamplesCO CO2

P2O5 CCl4

Molecular means nonmetals

You will need to learn the Greek numerical prefixes (Table 4.6):

Number Prefix

1 Mono-*

2 Di-

3 Tri-

4 Tetra-

5 Penta-

6 Hexa-

7 Hepta-

8 Octa-

9 Nona-

10 Deca-

*Note 1 Compound names never start with mono

Note 2 When adding a prefix two vowls cannot next to each other

III. Binary Molecular Compounds

Step 1First give the name of the first nonmetal,followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide”

suffix.Step 2

Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound.

ExamplesCO Carbon monoxide CO2

P2O5 CCl4

Molecular means nonmetals

III. Binary Molecular Compounds

Step 1First give the name of the first nonmetal,followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide”

suffix.Step 2

Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound.

ExamplesCO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide

P2O5 CCl4

Molecular means nonmetals

III. Binary Molecular Compounds

Step 1First give the name of the first nonmetal,followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide”

suffix.Step 2

Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound.

ExamplesCO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide

P2O5 CCl4

Molecular means nonmetals

III. Binary molecular Compounds

Step 1First give the name of the first nonmetal,followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide”

suffix.Step 2

Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound.

ExamplesCO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide

P2O5 Diphosphorus Pentoxide

CCl4

Molecular means combination of nonmetals

III. Binary molecular Compounds

Step 1First give the name of the first nonmetal,followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide”

suffix.Step 2

Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound.

ExamplesCO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide

P2O5 Diphosphorus Pentoxide

CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride

Molecular means combination of nonmetals

IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds

Step 1

Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound.

Step 2

Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix.

Examples

NH4Cl

NH4OH

Note: Do not use Latin prefixes

IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds

Step 1

Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound.

Step 2

Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix.

Examples

NH4Cl

NH4OH

Note: Do not use Latin prefixes

Ammonium chloride

IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds

Step 1

Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound.

Step 2

Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix.

Examples

NH4Cl

NH4OH

Note: Do not use Latin prefixes

Ammonium chloride

Ammonium hydroxide

V. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

If the anion ends in “ide” and it is aqueous, then use the prefix hydro and suffix “ic acid”

If the anion ends in “ate” then drop it and add the suffix “ic acid”

If the anion ends in “ite” then drop it and add the suffix “ous acid”

If the anion ends in” ide” and is a gas, or liquid, then leave the name and do not use Latin prefiex

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

nitrite

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

nitrite nitrous acid

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

nitrite nitrous acid

oxide

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

nitrite nitrous acid

oxide hydrogen oxide

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

nitrite nitrous acid

oxide hydrogen oxide

chloride

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen

Examples

HCl (aq)

HNO3

HNO2

H2O (l)

HCl (g)

chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid

nitrate nitric acid

nitrite nitrous acid

oxide hydrogen oxide

chloride hydrogenchloride

The End