Chapter 4 Notes

The Structure Of Matter

Chapter 4.1 Notes

Chemical Bond is the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together

Chemical structure: the arrangement of bonded atoms or ions within a substance

Compound- 2 or more elements chemically bonded together…NaCl, H2O, C6H12O6

Solids have higher melting points because they have higher bond energy. Lots of Bonds..

Gases have lower melting points because they have lower bond energy.

Liquids would be in-between.

Chapter 4.2 Notes

• Ionic bond: a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions (metal + nonmetal)

• Metallic bond: a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them (metals)

• Covalent bond: bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons (2 nonmetals)

• Polyatomic ion: an ion made of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded and that act like a single ion

Chapter 4.3 Notes

Naming Ionic Compounds• Metal + nonmetal = ionic1.Write the name of the 1st element2.Write the name of the 2nd element3.Change the ending to –ide

• NaCl = Sodium Chloride• MgCl2 = Magnesium Chloride

Naming Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds= 2 nonmetals1.Write the name of the 1st element2.Write the name of the 2nd element3.Change the ending to –ide4.Put in prefixes pg. 126Only use prefixes on the 1st element if it is more

than 1

NO2= Nitrogen Dioxide

N2O3

Writing Formulas1. Write the symbols of each element2. Put their charge in their upper right corner3. Crisscross the numbers down (Not the charges).

Example:Write the formula for Magnesium Chloride

Mg Cl

Mg+2 Cl-1

Mg+2 Cl-1

MgCl2

+1

+2 +3+/- 4 -3 -2

-1

Chapter 4.4 Notes

• Organic compound: any covalently bonded compound that contains carbon

• Polymer: a large organic molecule made of many smaller bonded units

• Biochemical compound: any organic compound that has an important role in living things

Work Cited• “Ball-n-stick molecule”. Jan. 24, 2008.

http://www.innovation.gov.au/assets/images/nicinternet/molecules.jpg

• “Lattice Structure”. Jan. 24, 2008. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/a/ae/180px-Lithium-hydride-3D-vdW.png

• “Gas molecules”. Jan. 24, 2008. http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/contextual/heat/tep/trans/kinetic_theory.gif

• “Liquid Molecules”. Jan. 24, 2008. http://www.physchem.co.za/Heat/Graphics/Heat16.gif

• “Periodic Table of Elements”. Chart. Aug. 9, 2006. http://users.erols.com/kdennis/periodictable.jpg