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Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
heterotrophic
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
eukaryotes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
ingest their food
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
no cell walls
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
nervous tissue
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
muscle tissue
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
blastula stage
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
gastrula stage
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Animals probably evolved from a colonial, flagellated protist.
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Animals probably evolved from a colonial, flagellated protist.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Phylogenetic trees are always being revised.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Science is different from other ways of knowing
Even our most cherished ideas in science are probationary
Ideas can be falsified through experiments or observation
The more testing a hypothesis withstands, the more credible it is
It’s all about the evidence.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
Each of the four main branches divides the tree into grades based on body plan.
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
Lophotrochozoa
(tentacles)
Ecdysozoa
(exoskeletons)
Most animal phyla originated in the “Cambrian explosion” between 525 million and 565
million years ago.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Most animal phyla originated in the “Cambrian explosion” between 525 million and 565
million years ago.
Evolution was so fast during that period that it is difficult to
sort out the history.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion:
Ecological:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen
Genetic:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen
Genetic: Changes in the Hox genes which control embryonic development.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Three Germ Layers and the
Coelom
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
acoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
acoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
acoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
mouth
anus
anus
mouth
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution