CHAPTER 3

INJU

RY

EMERGENCIES

APPLY

A B

ANADAGE

DE

MO

NS

TR

AT

I ON

EXTERNAL BLEEDING

*Bleeding may look worse than it is.

*Control with pressure

* Dressing – covers wound to stop bleeding

TYPES OF BLEEDING

• Arterial- bright red- squirts

• Venous- dark red- steady flow

• Capillary-ooze

CALL 911 IF:

*A lot of bleeding

* Can’t stop

*S/SX of shock

*Head/neck/spine injury

* Don’t know

TREATMENT:

Scene safety

↓

Gloves/PPE

↓

Airway

↓

Apply dressing with pressure

↓

If continues add more gauze & pressure

↓

Con’t until bleeding stops

Small wounds : wash with water

apply antibiotic ointment

OTHER TREATMENT

P R E S S U R E P O I N T S P R E S S U R E B A N D A G E S

TOURNIQUET -USED IF YOU CAN’T STOP BLEEDING

P R E M A D E T O U R N I Q U E T S

-911

-apply 2 inches above site

-tighten until bleeding stops

-note time

-get help ASAP

-leave on

M A K I N G A T O U R N I Q U E T

-fold cloth: long & 1 inch wide

--apply 2 inches above site

-tie ends around a stick

-turn stick to tighten until bleeding stops

-note time

-get help ASAP

-do not remove

WOUNDS

NOSE BLEEDS

Person may swallow blood & cause vomiting

Tx:

-PPE

-press both sides of nostrils., have pt. sit up & lean forward

-press until bleeding stops

-911 if:

con’t after 15 minutes

gushing blood

trouble breathing

CSF –clear, pink, yellow

BLEEDING FROM MOUTH

May be serious if airway is blocked

Tx:

-PPE

-apply pressure with gauze

- 911 if

- can’t stop bleeding

-trouble breathing

TOOTH INJURIES

May be a choking hazard

Tx:

-PPE

-ck mouth for loose teeth

-rinse with H20

- Loose tooth –bite down on gauze to keep in place →dentist

-chipped tooth-clean→ dentist

-tooth falls out → put in milk/h20→dentist

do not touch root

EYE INJURIES

Pain/trouble seeing- bruising bleeding redness

TX. FOR EYE INJURY

-PPE

-911

-keep eye closed

- If irritant → rinse with h20

- Bandage both eyes to ↓ simultaneous eye

movement

OTHER TREATMENT

I M P A L E D O B J E C T

Stabilize

911

Extruding eye:

Cover w moist drsg.

Protect eye/shield

C H E M I C A L I N E Y E

Flush w h2o x 20 min.

PENETR

ATIN

G/PUNCTU

RE

WOUNDS

L EA

VE

IN

PL A

CE

! ! !

TX;

-PPE

-Leave in place

-911

-control bleeding

-use doughnut to control bleeding & secure

AMPUTA

TIONS

TO

CU

T O

F F A B

OD

Y P

AR

T

TREATMENT

-PPE

-911

-control bleeding

-find amputated part

-rinse

-wrap with clean gauze

-place in bag & seal

-place in ice

-to hospital

INTE

RNAL BLE

EDING

BL E

ED

I NG

YO

U C

AN

’ T S

EE

??? INTERNAL BLEEDING IF?-BLUNT FORCE-HEMATOMA

S/SX OF INTERNAL BLEEDING

Bruising

Pain

Swelling

Bleeding- mouth, vagina, rectum

Vomiting blood or coffee ground emesis

Pale, clammy skin

Thirst

LOC change

TX;

-Safety?

-PPE

-airway

-911

-lie down & stay still

-√ shock ?

-? CPR

HEAD, NECK, S

PINE IN

JURY

??? HEAD INJURY IF:

S/SX OF HEAD INJURY:

-no response

-sleepy

-confused

-vomiting

-H/A

-vision problems

-difficulty moving

-seizures

-open head wound

SPINE & NECK INJURIES

DO NOT MOVE!!

Suspect if:

->65

-car/bike wreck

-falls

-weaKness/numbness/tingling

-neck/back pain

-acts drunk

TX:

-PPE

-911

-Monitor LOC

-DO NOT MOVE

** If need CPR do jaw thrust manuever

BROKEN BONES/S

PRAIN

S

TYPES OF INJURIES

Strain- pull or tear

Sprain-overstretch ligament

Dislocation- out of place

Fracture- broken bone

- open fracture: wound

-closed: no wound

SPRAINS/FRACTURES

S / S X :

Swelling

Discoloration

T X :

-PPE

-CSM-circulation, sensation, movement

-cover open wound

-ice x 20 minutes

(place towel b/t ice & skin)

-911 if

-lg open wound

-abnormally bent

-splint

** DO NOT STRAIGHTEN Area!

SPLIN

TING

DE

MO

NS

TR

AT

I ON

SPLINTING

-keeps injured area from moving

- Can use towels, magazines or wood

Guidelines:

-PPE

-Stop bleeding

-Splint-support above and below joints, do not straighten

-Secure splint with ties, tape

-√ tightness- 2 fingers

-can self splint arm against chest/leg

BURNS

TYPES

Thermal- heat

Chemical- chemicals

Electrical- electricity

Radiation- sun, radiation, x-rays

DEGREES OF BURNS

1st degree- superficial

2nd degree-partial thickness

3rd degree- full thickness

RULE OF NINE’S

TX:

-safety?

-PPE?

-small burn- run under cool H2O

-cover w non stick drsg

-remove jewlry or clothing if not stuck

-911 if:

-fire

-lg burn

Stop, drop & roll if on fire

CHEMICAL BURNS

Flush with large amounts water x 20 minutes

If powder chemical brush off w gloves hand prior to flush w H20

ELECTR

ICAL I

NJURIE

S

TX:

-Safety? MAKE SURE ELECTRIC OFF!

-PPE

-911 & AED