Post on 01-Apr-2015
ABSOLUTE MONARCHS IN EUROPE1500-1800
Chapter 21
SPAIN’S EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISM
Section 1
Absolutism
Philip II
Northern Dutch
United Provinces of the Netherlands
Monarchs
Absolutism
A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.
Philip II
Accomplishments defended Roman Catholicism helped stimulate the arts
Northern Dutch
Gained their freedom from Spain United Provinces of the Netherlands
Established a republic
United Provinces of the Netherlands Differed from neighboring states
elected governors power depended on landowners and
merchants
Absolutism
Monarchs Believed in Divine Right
God created the monarchy Monarch acted as God’s representative on
Earth Answers only to God; not subjects
THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIVSection2
French Civil Wars
Henry of Navarre
Edict of Nantes
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIV
Cardinal Mazarin
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Versailles
Spanish Empire
French Civil Wars
1562-1598 Main cause
Religious differences
How did religious and political turmoil in France encourage absolutism? Skepticism?
Absolutism Skepticism
Henry of Navarre
Protestant prince Catholic King First king of the Bourbon dynasty
Edict of Nantes
Issued in hopes of bringing an end to violent religious conflicts in France
Cardinal Richelieu
Minister to Louis XIII Increased the power of the Bourbon
monarchy Moved against the Huguenots Weakened the power of the nobles
Louis XIV
Known as the Sun King France’s most powerful ruler Boasted, “I am the state”
Cardinal Mazarin
Minister to Louis XIV Policies drove nobles to rebel against
king
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Minister of Finance under Louis XIV Mercantilism policies
Caused France’s economy to grow and prosper
Versailles
Palace built for Louis XIV Political purpose
Showed the power of Louis XIV Was the envy of other monarchs
Spanish Empire
Weakened Experienced a period of severe inflation
and heavy taxes
CENTRAL EUROPEAN MONARCHS CLASH
Section 3
Peace of Augsburg
Thirty Years War
Peace of Westphalia
Maria Theresa
Prussia
Fredrick the Great
Peace of Augsburg
German rulers agreement to settle religious differences
Thirty Years War
A war in Europe between 1618 and 1648
Developed into a struggle for dominance between various powers, notably France, Spain, Sweden, and the Holy Roman Empire
Began as a war between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his Protestant German states.
Peace of Westphalia
Ended the Thirty Years War
Austria
Maria Theresa Inherited the Austrian thrown
Only after Charles VI had European power sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir
Prussia
Austria’s greatest enemy under Maria Theresa
Fredrick the Great
King of Prussia Believed a ruler should be a father to
his people
Maria Theresa
War of Austrian Succession fought over the possession of lands that
belonged to Maria Theresa
ABSOLUTE RULERS OF RUSSIA
Section 4
Ivan the Terrible
St. Petersburg
Ivan the Terrible
First Russian ruler to adopt the title of czar
Ivan the Terrible
Why he was called terrible: Organized a police force that murdered
people he considered traitors
Ivan the Terrible
Boyers Landowning nobles Suffered the greatest loss of power
Peter the Great
Peter the Great
Serfs Essential part of the Russian economy
Peter the Great
Liked visiting the west Wanted to learn about Western customs
and technology
Peter the Great
Westernized Russia Raised the status of women Made nobles wear western fashion
St. Petersburg
Built by Peter the Great Why?
Wanted a city on a seaport Near water routes to Europe Made it easier to travel west
PARLIAMENT LIMITS THE ENGLISH MONARCHY
Section 5
Constitutional Monarchy
James I
Charles I
Puritans
Oliver Cromwell
Restoration
James II
William of Orange
Absolute Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
Constitutional Monarchy
1600s England’s system of government
Monarch Conflicts with Parliment
James I
King of Scotland Inherited Elizabeth I’s throne and her
conflicts with Parliament
Charles I
King of England Lost the English Civil War Tried and put to death
Puritans
Won the English civil war How?
Cromwell Defeated the Royalists
Puritans held the king prisoner
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan leader Ruled England after the end of the
English Civil War Abolished the monarchy
Ruled as a military dictator
Restoration
“Restored” the monarchy, as an institution, to power in England
Began when Charles II took the throne
James II
Catholic King Replaced by William and Mary
William of Orange
King of England Came to power as a result of the
Glorious Revolution
What were some of the most important political changes that resulted from the Glorious Revolution?
Absolute Monarchy
Parliament’s financial power was an obstacle
English Bill of Rights
Significance Made clear limits of royal power