Chapter 2

History and Evolution of Nursing

Nursing in Antiquity

• Primitive societies• Greece and Rome

– Hippocrates

• Early Christian Era• Middle Ages• The Reformation

The Industrial Revolution

• Medical and scientific advances

The Industrial Revolution

• Florence Nightingale – Contributions to the profession

The Civil War

• Union Nursing– Dorothea Dix– Clara Barton

• Confederate Nursing– Issues

Wars

• Spanish-American War• World War I• The Great Depression• World War II

1950s Through 1970s

• Advances in Health Care– Health care is a right– Government involvement – Medical insurance– Increased cost and complexity within health care systems

The 1980s and Beyond

• Change in payment and reimbursement systems

• DRGs• Rural versus urban care