Post on 24-Dec-2015
Chapter 14
Industry & Urban Growthp. 478-509
In the late 1800s, industrialization causes urban growth, alters the way business is run, and
prompts education reform. A new wave of immigration transforms America.
Chapter 14, Section 1A New Industrial Revolution
p. 482-487
After the Civil War, the United States experiences rapid industrial growth.
14.1 SECTION FOCUS QUESTION:
What conditions spurred the growth of industry?
Why Industry BoomedMain Idea: Abundant resources, new technology, government aid to business, and a railroad boom all contribute to industrial growth.
• U.S. was (still is?) rich in natural resources: – Coal– Iron– Lead– Copper– Timber– Oil
• Technology becomes a factor in replacing iron with STEEL.– Bessemer process: method of
making stronger steel at a lower cost. Bessemer Furnace: invented by Henry
Bessemer in 1885Steel replaces iron as a basic building material.
U.S. miners
Oil & a Railroad BOOM• OIL “Black Gold”
– used for lubricant in machines – later in gasoline for
automobiles• Railroads link resources to
industries– Competition is limited by
consolidating (combining) rail lines into a few big companies.
– Offer rebates (discounts) to best (biggest) customers
– Small farmers (Populists) are angered
Edwin Drake strikes OIL in Titusville, PA-1859
Inventors and InventionsMain Idea: Thomas Edison and other inventors create hundreds of devices that make life easier.
Inventors & their Inventions 1868-1908
• Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter (1868)
• Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone (1876)– Organizes the American Telephone &
Telegraph Company (AT&T).
• Thomas Alva Edison sets up his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey– Experiments with electricity– Most famous invention: the electric
light bulb. (1879)
• Inventors required patents to protect their inventions– legal document that gives sole rights
to make and sell an invention
A Transportation Revolution Main Idea: The automobile and the airplane launch an age of fast transportation.
• Henry Ford makes automobiles available to millions. Here’s how:– Assembly line manufacturing
moves products along a belt during assembly
– Increases production and reduces costs
– 4.5 million own cars by 1917
• The Wright Brothers (Orville & Wilbur): invent first airplane (1903)– Usher in the age of flight
First flight, December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC., only lasted 12 seconds
Ford assembly line
14.1 SECTION FOCUS QUESTION:
What conditions spurred the growth of industry?
Government policies helped businesses grow, new technology allowed railroads & cities to expand, and new sources of energy supplied industry needs.