Chapter 14

Industry & Urban Growthp. 478-509

In the late 1800s, industrialization causes urban growth, alters the way business is run, and

prompts education reform. A new wave of immigration transforms America.

Chapter 14, Section 1A New Industrial Revolution

p. 482-487

After the Civil War, the United States experiences rapid industrial growth.

14.1 SECTION FOCUS QUESTION:

What conditions spurred the growth of industry?

Why Industry BoomedMain Idea: Abundant resources, new technology, government aid to business, and a railroad boom all contribute to industrial growth.

• U.S. was (still is?) rich in natural resources: – Coal– Iron– Lead– Copper– Timber– Oil

• Technology becomes a factor in replacing iron with STEEL.– Bessemer process: method of

making stronger steel at a lower cost. Bessemer Furnace: invented by Henry

Bessemer in 1885Steel replaces iron as a basic building material.

U.S. miners

Oil & a Railroad BOOM• OIL “Black Gold”

– used for lubricant in machines – later in gasoline for

automobiles• Railroads link resources to

industries– Competition is limited by

consolidating (combining) rail lines into a few big companies.

– Offer rebates (discounts) to best (biggest) customers

– Small farmers (Populists) are angered

Edwin Drake strikes OIL in Titusville, PA-1859

Inventors and InventionsMain Idea: Thomas Edison and other inventors create hundreds of devices that make life easier.

Inventors & their Inventions 1868-1908

• Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter (1868)

• Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone (1876)– Organizes the American Telephone &

Telegraph Company (AT&T).

• Thomas Alva Edison sets up his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey– Experiments with electricity– Most famous invention: the electric

light bulb. (1879)

• Inventors required patents to protect their inventions– legal document that gives sole rights

to make and sell an invention

A Transportation Revolution Main Idea: The automobile and the airplane launch an age of fast transportation.

• Henry Ford makes automobiles available to millions. Here’s how:– Assembly line manufacturing

moves products along a belt during assembly

– Increases production and reduces costs

– 4.5 million own cars by 1917

• The Wright Brothers (Orville & Wilbur): invent first airplane (1903)– Usher in the age of flight

First flight, December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC., only lasted 12 seconds

Ford assembly line

14.1 SECTION FOCUS QUESTION:

What conditions spurred the growth of industry?

Government policies helped businesses grow, new technology allowed railroads & cities to expand, and new sources of energy supplied industry needs.