Post on 24-Dec-2015
Warm Up- Quick write
Read Pages 508-509 and answer the following question
Discuss the effectiveness if the polygraph in detecting lies.
The Physical Arousal of Emotion is Controlled by The Autonomic Nervous
System It is very difficult to differentiate the physical arousal associated with many emotions (hurts James-Lange Theory) even though they definitely feel different.
The arousal associated with emotions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system’s divisions the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Autonomic Nervous System’s Division
Autonomic nervous system controlsphysiological arousal
Sympatheticdivision (arousing)
Pupils dilate
Decreases
Perspires
Increases
Accelerates
Inhibits
Secrete stresshormones
Parasympatheticdivision (calming)
Pupils contract
Increases
Dries
Decreases
Slows
Activates
Decreasessecretion of
stress hormones
EYES
SALIVATION
SKIN
RESPIRATION
HEART
DIGESTION
ADRENALGLANDS
Arousal’s Impact on Performance Review:
What types of tasks are performed best with high amounts of arousal?
What types of tasks are performed bets with low amounts of arousal?
Can Measuring Arousal Detect Lies?
Polygraph: machine commonly used to in attempts to detect lies.
Measures Physiological Responses to Emotion Including:
perspirationheart rateblood pressurebreathing changes
Questioning Process With The “Lie Detector”
1. Ask Control Question which you are most likely guilty of (Probable lie).–Have you ever stolen anything?
2. Ask Relevant Question that you are interested in.–Were you at the scene of the crime the
day of the murder? If there is a bigger physiological
reaction to the relevant question than the control question you are lying.
Accuracy of the Polygraph Is Between 70 & 90%
Is this a good level of accuracy? With 70% Accuracy:
–Assume 5% of 1000 employees actually guiltytest all employees285 will be wrongly accused
With 95% Accuracy:–Assume 1 in 1000 employees actually
guiltytest all employees (including 999 innocents)
50 wrongly declared guilty
Polygraph Accuracy StudyPercentage
Innocentpeople
Guiltypeople
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Judged innocent by polygraph
Judged guilty by polygraph
Detecting Emotion/Lies With Facial Expressions
Paul Ekman developed a system for classifying deception within emotional expression.
With experience and training it is possible to detect microexpressions which indicate guilt, despair, and fear.
Must play close attention to facial muscles which are nearly impossible to control.
http://www.3news.co.nz/Coming-up-on-60-Minutes/tabid/371/articleID/130930/Default.aspx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS2mfWDryPE&feature=fvw
Expressing Emotion: Gender Differences
Studies have found that women are better readers of emotional cues and have more emotional reactivity than men in all measures except for anger.
Men Women
Sad Happy ScaryFilm Type
Numberof
expressions
The Emotion of FearFear is an adaptive emotion
which helps prepare us for dangerous situations but which can also negatively impact us.
Some fears are more innate than others but there have been experiments which have shown fears can be learned.–Ex: Monkeys and snakes and Certain phobias
Biology of FearThe body’s control
center for learning/enacting fear is the amygdala.
Loss or damage to one’s amygdala has lead to fearlessness in some patients.
The Emotion of Anger: Is the Catharsis Theory True?Catharsis: refers to an
emotional release. The hypothesis argues that by releasing aggressive energy on can relieve their aggressive urges.
The Concept of Happiness
Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon: you will be helpful more often if you are in a good mood.
Subjective Well Being: most common measurement of happiness, satisfaction, and quality of life. Looks at physical as well as economic indicators.
Does Money Buy Happiness?
Year
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Averageper-person
after-tax incomein 1995 dollars Percentage
describingthemselves asvery happy
$20,000$19,000$18,000$17,000$16,000$15,000$14,000$13,000$12,000$11,000$10,000
$9,000$8,000$7,000$6,000$5,000$4,000
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Percentage very happy
Personal income
Does Focusing On the Benjamins Bring
Happiness?
MoneyLove
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00Life satisfaction
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
Importancescores
What Affects Happiness? Adaptation Level Phenomenon: our
tendency to form judgments about our happiness relative to our prior experience.
What Affects Happiness?Relative Deprivation: the
tendency to be disappointed with a situation when you perceive you are worse off than others.
Ex: Grade Distributions; Pro Athletes’ salaries.
Works opposite way too; feeling satisfied when comparing yourself to the less fortunate.
Predicting Happiness
Researchers Have Found ThatHappy People Tend to
Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries)
Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable
Have close friendships or a satisfyingmarriage
Have work and leisure that engagetheir skills
Have a meaningful religious faith
Sleep well and exercise
However, Happiness Seems Not MuchRelated to Other Factors, Such as
Age
Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful)
Education levels
Parenthood (having children or not)
Physical attractiveness