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Transcript of 1 Expressing and Experiencing Emotion Module 30. QR code for SG 29 30 31 32 2.
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Expressing and Experiencing
Emotion
Module 30
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QR code for SG 29 30 31 32
2
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Expressed Emotion
Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this nonverbal language of emotion universal?
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Expressed Emotion People more speedily detect an
angry face than a happy one (Ohman, 2001a)
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Detecting and Computing Emotion
Most people find it difficult to detect deceiving emotions. Even trained professionals like police officers, psychiatrists, judges, and polygraphists
detected deceiving emotions only 54% of the time.
Which of Paul Ekman’s smiles is genuine?
Dr. P
au
l Elkm
an
, Un
iversity o
f Ca
lifornia
at S
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ncisco
Link 3:37
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Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Women are much better at discerning nonverbal emotions than men.
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Culture and Emotional Expression
When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did
fairly well at recognizing them (Matsumoto & Ekman, 1989).
Elkm
an & M
atsumoto, Japanese and
Caucasian F
acial Expression of E
motion
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Culture and Emotional Expression
• Facial expression such as happiness and fear are common throughout the world. (Universal language)
• Americans are more likely than Asians to openly display their feelings by their facial expressions.
• Children’s facial expressions – even those of blind children who have never seen a face– are also universal.
• To effectively manage emotions, people would be best advised to control their facial expressions.
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Emotions are Adaptive
Darwin speculated that our ancestors communicated
with facial expressions in the
absence of language.
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
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The Effects of Facial ExpressionFacial Feedback Hypothesis - If
facial expressions are manipulated, mood is manipulated.
Attaching two golf tees to the face and making their tips touch causes the brow to furrow.
Courtesy of L
ouis Schake/ M
ichael Kausm
an/ T
he New
York T
imes P
ictures
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The Effects of Facial Expressions
• When people
mimicked
expressions of
emotion,
they experienced
those emotions.
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Experienced Emotion
Izard (1977) isolated 10 emotions. Most of
them are present in infancy, except for contempt, shame, and guilt.
Lew
Merrim
/ Photo R
esearchers, Inc.
Nancy B
rown/ T
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ankT
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ainbow
Patrick Donehue/ P
hoto Researchers, Inc.
Marc G
rimberg/ T
he Image B
ank
Bob D
aemm
rich/ The Im
age Works
Michael N
ewm
an/ PhotoE
dit
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Venting anger through action or fantasy ----achieves an emotional release or “catharsis.”
Opposing Theory-- Expressing anger breeds more anger, and
through reinforcement it is habit-forming.
Catharsis Hypothesis
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HappinessPeople who are
happy perceive the world as being
safer.
They are able to make decisions easily, are more
cooperative, rate job applicants more
favorably, and live healthier, energized, and more satisfied
lives.
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Happiness is...Researchers Have Found ThatHappy People Tend to
Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries)
Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable
Have close friendships or a satisfyingmarriage
Have work and leisure that engagetheir skills
Have a meaningful religious faith
Sleep well and exercise
However, Happiness Seems Not MuchRelated to Other Factors, Such as
Age
Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful)
Education levels
Parenthood (having children or not)
Physical attractiveness
Money
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Dan Gilbert on Happiness
• http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/dan_gilbert_researches_happiness.html
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Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
When we feel happy we are more willing to help others.
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Subjective Well-BeingSubjective well-being is the self-perceived feeling of happiness or satisfaction with
life. Research on new positive psychology is on the rise.
http://web.fineliving.com
Link Origins of Pleasure 16:17
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Emotional Ups and DownsOur positive moods rise to a maximum within 6-7 hours after waking up. Negative moods stay more
or less the same throughout the day.
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Emotional Ups and Downs
Over the long run, our emotional ups and downs tend to balance.
Courtesy of A
nna Putt
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Wealth and Well-being
Many people in the West believe that if they were wealthier, they would be happier. However, data
suggests that they would only be happy temporarily.
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Does Money Buy Happiness?
Wealth is like health: Its utter
absence can breed misery, yet having it is no guarantee of
happiness.
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Happiness & Satisfaction
Subjective well-being
(happiness + satisfaction) measured in 82 countries shows Puerto
Rico and Mexico (poorer
countries) at the top of the
list.
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Values & Life Satisfaction
Students who value love more than money report higher life
satisfaction.
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Experienced EmotionThe Adaptation-Level Principle: Happiness is Relative to Our Prior Experience
If our current condition increases, we feel an initial surge of pleasure.
We then adapt to this new level of achievement, come to consider it as normal, and require something even better to give us another surge of happiness.
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Relative Deprivation Relative Deprivation
perception that one is worse off compared to their peers.
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EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY(7th Edition in Modules)
David MyersPowerPoint Slides
Aneeq AhmadHenderson State
University
Worth Publishers, © 2008
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