Challenge the future

DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Institutional Analysis and MAS

Amineh Ghorbani

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Outline

• Introduction

• What are institutions?

• What is institutional analysis?

• The IAD framework

• Common pool resource management

• How we are using all this?

• Current Work

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Institutions… Definitions….

• Definition used in AI:• An institution is any structure or mechanism of social

order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human community. 

• Humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interactions.

• Institutionalized electronic organization

• An institutional economic definition:• The set of rules actually used by a set of individuals to organize

repetitive activities that produce outcomes affecting those individuals and potentially affecting others.

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Institutional Analysis

• To (re)design institutions• We need to understand the system

• Insitutional Analysis frameworks designed for this

purpose.

• Insitutional Analysis and Design framework (IAD)

• Williamson’s four layer model

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Common Pool Resource (CPR)

• A type of good consisting of a natural or human-made

resource system (also commons)

• Problem of congestion or overuse (misuse?), subtractable.

• Consists of• Stock variable (e.g. water, fish, air, internet, information…)• Flow variable (fringe unit, can be consumed)

• CPR only exists if there are institutional arrangements,

otherwise they are just open access resources.

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Common Pool Resource (CPR) & Institutions

•Ostrom many common pool resources observations:• Contradict claims that CPR should be privatized or else face destruction.• Tragedy of the commons

• Should forget about their own economical benefits

•Almost every problem is formed around a common…

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Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD)

Physical world

Community

Rules

Action Arena

Patterns of interaction

Action Situation

Participants

Outcomes

Evaluation Criteria

1. Position rules2. Boundary rules3. Authority rules4. Aggregation

rules5. Scope rules6. Information rules7. Payoff rules

Resources, preferences, information and selection

criteria

1. Participants 2. Positions3. Actions4. Potential

outcomes5. Functions

that map actions into outcomes

6. Information7. Cost and

benefits

1. Operational Rules

2. Collective Choice

Rules3. Constitutional

Rules

• Difference in preferences and inequal assets

• Accepted behavior(culture)

• The level of common understanding

• Physical and Material conditions

• Mostly about resources• Size• Mobility• Availibility• …

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ADICO Institutional Statements

• This decomposition for• summarizing and analyzing institutional statements• distinguishing between the different types• understanding the formation and evolution of these

statements.

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ADICO Institutional Statements

1. Attributes: positions, roles

2. Deontic Type: obligation, prohibition, permission

3. Aim (action)

4. Condition

5. Or else

Students can use computers if they are registered in the university.

Attribute

deonticaction condition

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A student can take the X course if he has passed the exam for Y

course

or else he must register for the y course again.

ADICO Institutional Statements

Attribute

deontic action condition

Or else

Attribute deontic action

Or else……

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ADICO Institutional Statements

Three different types of institutional statements:1. Regulatory Rules A D I C O

People younger than 18 are not allowed to buy cigarettes

or else they will be fined.

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ADICO Institutional Statements

Three different types of institutional statements:2. Shared Strategies A D I C O

The person who places a phone call,

calls back when the call gets disconnected.

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ADICO Institutional Statements

Three different types of institutional statements:3. Norms A D I C O

If you use a microwave, you must

Clean up your own mess.

Attribute + condition Deontic

Action