CHAIN Project: International Collaboration onFull Sun Multi-wavelength H-alpha Observation

as a Basis of Space Weather Research

S.UeNo, K.Shibata, G.Kimura, S.Morita,K.Ichimoto, R.Kitai, S.Nagata, Y.Nakatani

（ Kwasan&Hida Observatories,Kyoto University, JAPAN ）

2010 Nov. 7thISWI Symposium at Helwan Univ.in Cairo, Egypt

Characteristics of the Continuous H-alpha Imaging Network (CHAIN) project

The situation of the space-weather environment around the earth greatly depends on 3-D structures and velocities of the CME, shockwave and solar-wind disturbance around the magnetosphere.

It is a very important thing that we accurately observe filament eruptions and structures of shock waves on the Sun, in order to accurately grasp and predict the structures, velocities and evolutions of the CMEs and shock waves in the solar-terrestrial space.

Observations of filament eruptions and shock waves with the mutli-wavelength full-disk solar telescope play an important role for the space weather research.

Picture from SEC/Space Environment TOPICS (SE-10)

However, it is still difficult to predict whether solar active phenomena would have large geoeffectiveness or not, just when the solar phenomena occur on the solar surface.

Formation of an international network of ground-based 24hr continuous observations of filament eruptions and shockwaves (Moreton wave) accompanied solar flares on the full-disk Sun in order to know physical parameters of all solar active phenomena.

CHAIN Project (Continuous H-alpha Imaging Network Project)

--- The Purposes ---

Reinforcement of observations of the solar activities for the purpose of understanding and predicting the change of space-weather envirionment from the Sun to the Earth.

International spread, exchange and promotion of the space-weather research, including developing countries.

The FMT simultaneously observes full-disk solar chromosphere at multi-wavelength.

So, we can measure pysical parameters , such as 3D velocity field, density and temperature…, of explosive solar phenomena.

The main instrument:

Flare Monitoring Telescope(FMT)

Flare & Filament Eruption

A typical example of the solar flare observed with the FMT

A typical example of the filament eruption on the solar limb observed with the FMT

Time (UT)

Transversal Velocity Field Time Evolution of the Doppler Velocity at the top of the filament

Filament Eruptionand its Characteristics

with FMT

Coronal Phenomenaand Structures

with SXT,EIT, etc.

CME Occurrencewith SoHO/LASCO

Morimoto & Kurokawa

(2003 PASJ) etc.

Magnetic Clouds Existencewith IMP-8, WIND, ACE etc.

GeomagneticStorms with DST-index

Shock Observation (Moreton waves)

Narukage et al. (2002) cleared that Moreton waves observed in H alpha images are chromospheric counter part of coronal MHD fast mode shocks by using the FMT data. The origin of coronal MHD fast mode shocks emitted from solar flares has not been solved yet.

However,

we need more observational data of solar active phenomena in order to progress more accurate and statistical studies,

and

we need more researchers who investigate the FMT data and other space weather data.

The CHAIN network will fulfill these requirements.

We hope ….

CHAIN-project as ISWI and CAWSES-II activities

[CHAIN-project as ISWI and CAWSES-II activity]

An important aim of “International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI)” as a successor project of International Heliophysical Year (IHY) 2007

To develop the scientific insights necessary to understand space weather, including instrumentation, data analysis, modeling, education, training, and public outreach.

from the ISWI Homepage

On the other hand, CAWSES-II (Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System II) also progressing from 2009 as a successor project of “CAWSES”. CAWSES-II is also has a branch of “Capacity Building” whose international definition is as follows:

- CAWSES-II will continue to organize and cosponsor international science meetings and workshops.

- Particular emphasis will be placed on the support of

scientists from developing nations as well as

graduate students and young scientists.

- CAWSES-II will work with scientists in the developing

nations to provide access to data and research tools,

and will develop an international network of graduate

students and early-career scientists.

[CHAIN-project as ISWI and CAWSES-II activity]

Therefore, the policies of “ISWI” and “CAWSES-II /Capacity Building” are very similar.

Moreover, in the case of Japan, many researchers or institutes in the field of space-weather belong to both programs.

Do these two international programs conflict with each other?

[CHAIN-project as ISWI and CAWSES-II activity]

No. We consider that we can make these two programs play complemental roles with each other.We defined each role of these two projects as follows:

ISWI: Mainly in the field of hardware for developing countries - Expand existing instrument arrays - Deploy new arrays - Provide technical training of instruments, operation, data-calibration - Provide technical support

CAWSES-II/Capacity Building: Mainly in the field of software - Education of data analysis - Cooperative research - Holding and support of science workshop etc.

[CHAIN-project as ISWI and CAWSES-II activity]

CHAIN-project ActivitiesIn the field of Hardware

(ISWI Activities)

Telescopes that are planned to be used in the CHAIN

2) Modified foreign exsisting H-alpha telescopesModification of existing H-alpha single-wavelength telescopes, to use them for multi-wavelength observation.

1) Newly installed Flare Monitoring Telescopes (FMT)Installation of the FMT to the appropriate foreign sites (especially developing countries).

Main Stations and Candidate Sites of CHAIN

ISWI Activities

Observation time zone at main 3 sites(Between sunrise and sunset)

Hida(Japan)N36o15’

E137o18.5’

Ica(Peru)S14o04’W75o44’

00 03 06 09 12 15 18211815(UT)

JuneDecember

DecemberJune

DecemberJune

Aures(Algeria)

N35o02’E 7o00’

JuneDecember

ISWI Activities

Installation of the 1st oversea FMT in Peru

ISWI Activities

LIMA

ICA

National Ica University, Peru

Latitude : - 14° 11’Altitude : ~ 80 mRain : 0 mm/yearTemperature : 10 - 27 ℃Avrg. Humidity : 20 %

-42 -

The 1st oversea FMT of CHAIN project was already installed at Ica University in Peru in March 2010with cooperation of IGP and Ica Univ.

ISWI Activities

January 2010:

The FMT and other instruments was shipped to Callao port, Peru from Kobe port, Japan.

ISWI Activities

March 13th 2010:

The FMT and other instruments arrived at Ica University, Peru.

ISWI Activities

Main Building & Lodge

Coelostat-spectroscope

15cm Refractor Solar Telescope

“Estacion Solar de Ica (ESI)” in Ica Univ., Peru

Ground for the Solar Station

ISWI Activities

March 18th 2010:

Installation of the FMT at the side of Coelostat-spectroscope building was completed.

ISWI Activities

Personnel Training *Technical Training of Peruvian Staffs in Japan

July 2009 at Hida Obs. Kyoto Univ.- Lecture of solar physics and space weather- Solar observation method- Maintenance method of solar telescopes- Camera controlling software- Data archiving & analysis software

ISWI Activities

*Guidance of the Solar Observation Method in Peru

2007 ～ 2010 at Ica & Lima

Preparation of the 2nd oversea FMT in Algeria

ISWI Activities

ISWI Activities

*Survey of candidate sites for Educational Astronomical Observatory where the 2nd oversea FMT will be installed

ChecharChechar

TamanrassetTamanrasset

Mt.CheliaMt.Chelia

Mt.AssekremMt.Assekrem

AlgeriaCandidate site investigation

since 2006 by CRAAG (Centre de Recherche Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique)

Mediterranean Sea

Sahara Desert

ISWI Activities

Cooperative survey of candidate sites for construction of a new educational astronomical observatory in Algeria, April – May 2008.

*Survey of candidate sites for Educational Astronomical Observatory where the 2nd oversea FMT will be installed

ISWI Activities

*Survey of candidate sites for Educational Astronomical Observatory where the 2nd oversea FMT will be installed

ChecharChechar

TamanrassetTamanrasset

Mt.CheliaMt.Chelia

Mt.AssekremMt.Assekrem

AlgeriaCandidate site investigation

since 2006

Mediterranean Sea

Sahara Desert

Schedule for the coming 3 yearsby Algeria/CRAAG

CRAAG already received the budget of about 2,000,000 USD from the government for building the new observatory.

■ 2009 – 2010 : More investigation of two candidate sites

■ 2010 – 2011 : Construction of infrastructures and some buildings

■ 2011 – 2012 : Installation of scientific instruments except for the FMT

■ 2012 – 2013 : Start of daily observation with each instruments

CHAIN-project ActivitiesIn the field of Software

(CAWSES-II Activities?)

Personnel Training and Academic Exchange

*Lecture Circuit in Peru & Algeria

Lecutres about solar physics and space weather research

Jan. 2007 at Ica University in Peru, Jan. 2007 at IGP in Peru, May 2008 at CRAAG in Algeria, Jun. 2008 at Ica in Peru Mar. 2010 at Ica in Peru

Jan. 2007 at IGP in Lima

Jan. 2007 at Ica Univ.

CAWSES-II Activities

Mar. 2010 at Ica Univ.

Currently

*Scientific training of Peruvian students and young researchers

Dr. Morita (an assistant teaching staff) of Hida Observatory is now training Peruvian students and young researchers at Ica University in Peru, in June and Octover – November in 2010.

The subjects are

* Acquisition method of calibration data and calibration method* Calculation of physical parameters from multi-wavelength solar images and scientific analysis* Lectures of solar physics and space weather.

CAWSES-II Activities Personnel Training and Academic Exchange

At Ica University in Peru, June 2010

In near future:

The purpose of this workshop is to bringtogether the prospective user communityof FMT to explore current and future science targets of solar observations.

Furthermore, this workshop will also give an introduction to HINODE data reductionand analysis and talks related to solar physics and space weather.

SCOSTEP/CAWSES-II committee has financially supported for this workshop.

*Science Workshop of Solar Physics and

Space-weather with the FMT data

CAWSES-II Activities Personnel Training and Academic Exchange

22 – 26 Nov. 2010Home Page of the WS:http://esi.igp.gob.pe/FMTworkshop/

Plans of CHAIN-projectfor the ISWI-period

Budget …

These CHAIN activities (till the end of March 2010) were mainly supported by - "The Basic Study of Space Weather Prediction“ Program which is the Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research program of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Technology, and Culture of Japan (2005-2009, PI: K. Shibata) - Supporting fund for Japanese universities by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.

On the other hand, in this financial year (from April 2010),We have no special budget for instruments of CHAIN-project yet.

So, the making of the Algerian FMT will also be delayed one year.

But, we have started some activities mainly in the field of software.

Main plans of the CHAIN project for the ISWI period

■In the field of instruments (ISWI activities) ： - Improvement of the 1st oversea FMT that was installed at "Solar Station" in Ica University, Peru. - Kyoto University will prepare CCD cameras and the controlling PCs and narrow-band filters for the 2nd oversea FMT that will be installed in Algeria. - Making Algerian FMT itself in Japan by Kyoto Univ. - Installation of the Algerian FMT at the new astronomical observatory and start of the solar observation with cooperation by Algeria/CRAAG.

■In the field of software (CAWSES-II Capacity-building) ： - Holding the scientific workshop with the FMT data in Peru in this month. - Holding other several scientific workshops in near future with other instrumental array groups. - Scientific training of Algerian staffs and students in Japan for about 1 month. - Cooperative data-analysis and studies with Peruvian and Algerian people.

Relationship with other countries

Relationship with other countries

■In the field of instruments (ISWI activities) ： - Frankly speaking, currently, we have no money for some instruments for more stations. - Provide technical training of instruments, operation, data- calibration (for example, by sending researchers and engineers, or by inviting staffs of each country to Japan) - Provide technical support (for example, by sending engineers

■In the field of software (CAWSES-II Capacity-building) ： - Education of scientific data analysis by using the CHAIN’s H-alpha data or each station’s data - Cooperative research - Holding and support of some scientific workshops etc. (for example, Japanese CAWSES-II Capacity-building group is considering holding some workshops in these 2-3 years around South America and Asia.) So, even if we cannot directly support instruments of each stations, we hope that each country’s people will participate in such workshops and will advance their scientific experiences.

Relationship with other countries

If you are interested in perticipation in the CHAIN-project,

please contact me (S.UENO) on 8th (Mon) or 9th (Tue) in this meeting or send e-mail to me (ueno@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp) and Director Shibata (shibata@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp) of our observatories and inform us characteristics of your stations, instruments and your requests.

SummaryWith the installation of the FMT to Peru in March 2010, we intend to install the 2nd oversea FMT in Algeria and form international solar observation network and promote cooperative studies with the people of related countries with cooperating with notonly ISWI but also other projects like CAWSES-II. Through the international cooparations, we plan to systematically advance space weather research in both fields of hardware and software, such as technical training and supports, education of data analysis, cooperative researches, holding and support of science workshop etc. for the ISWI-period.

The End

Chromosphere

Filament

: Source Function: Optical thickness: Doppler width: Doppler shift

IP

IR0

IR0

S

Cloud Model Fitting

Observed contrast:

parameters

observed value

Eruptive: E

Quasi-Eruptive: Q Localized Brightening: LB

Arcade, Flare ...: A

no

yes

FMT SXT,EIT CME

6Apr., 2000

16 Feb., 1999

Morimoto & Kurokawa(2003 PASJ)They distinguished whether each active filament really erupted or not by analyzing its time-variation of the radial upward velocity, and investigated the relation with coronal structure and CME.

As the result, all really erupting filaments correspond to appearances of “coronal arcade structures” and “CMEs”.

Relation between erupting filaments and MCs or storms

The Earth

The Sun

According to St.Cyr et al.1997, the apparent width of CMEs is about 49 deg in average.

The Ecliptic

60 deg ：Earthward eruption

（ Direction of the center of the filament ）

From Morimoto’s presentation file for the seminar on 2001. 01. 15

Definition of “Earthward”

Relationship with MCs

３

１

２

９ ８

１

Yes

No

Other direction

Earthward

Quasi-eruptive

Filaments

No

４４

０

MC

From Morimoto’s presentation file for the seminar on 2001. 01. 15

Relationship with geomagnetic storms

４

８ ４

８ ６

２

１５

３

１２

Yes

No

No

Other direction

Earthward

Quasi-eruptive

Filaments Geomag.Storms

From Morimoto’s presentation file for the seminar on 2001. 01. 15

Future Plans for the coming ISWI’s 3 yearsby Kwasan & Hida Obs, Kyoto Univ.

We are waiting for the result of the application for the budget to Japanese government.

The name of fund: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas

Study theme: “Synthetic studies of space weather and the Sun that is going toward the maximum phase from the extreme minimum phase”

The concrete plan is …..

Cooperation with other projects

1. Inter-university cooperative project (in Japan) 「 Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork (IUGONET) 」 (2009 – 2014)

In the field of opening the data, data exchange and distribution.

2. CAWSES => CAWSES-II (2009 – 2013)

In the field of data analysis and scientific research, including advenced nations.

* CAWSES: Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System

Main Stations and Candidate Sites of CHAIN・ Peru ／ Drs. J. Ishitsuka, M. Ishitsuka et al. (Institute of Geophysics of Peru) In March 2010, the 1st oversea FMT was installed to the “Solar Station” at ICA University.

・ Algeria ／ Dr. N. Seghouani (Algiers Observatoire, CRAAG) They are promoting to built a new educational astronomical observatory in Aures area. The 2nd oversea FMT is planned to be installed there.

・ Malaysia ／ Dr. Fairos Asillam (National Space Agency of Malaysia) They are built a new full-disk solar telescope in Langkawi observatory. They hope to participate in CHAIN-network by using their telescope.

・ Indonesia ／ Dr.Emanuel.S.Mumpuni (Tanjung-sari Solar Observatory) They have two existing observatories at Bandung and Tanjung-sari and have performed single-wavelength observation.

・ India ／ Dr. S. Mukherjee (Jawaharlal Nehru University) They hope to build a FMT in their university, so that they can investigate relationship between the magnetosphere and solar flares, filament eruptions.

・ India ／ Dr. B.S. Shylaja (Bangalore Association for Science Education)　 They hope to install H-alpha filters on the existing C.Zeiss 6” Coude-type solar telescope in order to mainly use it to educate the space science.

・ Mexico ／ Dr. A. Lara Sanchez (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) They hope to build a FMT near the new φ5 m solar radio telescope on the 4580m mountain.

November 10th 2009:

The FMT at Hida Obs. was dismantled.

The end of December 2009:

Making of a new base of equatorial mount for Peru (latitude = -14 deg) was completed by Nishimura Co.Ltd.

Recent Situation of the 2nd oversea sitein Algeria

Around Mt.Chelia

Alt. : ~1900m (N 33° 17'.788, E 06° 38'.428)

Chechar

Alt. : ~2000m

Tamanrasset Obs.Alt. : 1411 m (N 22° 47' 30.169, E 05° 31' 46.491)

Mt. AssekremAlt. : 2700 m (N 23° 15'.619, E 05° 38'.075)

Recent Status of Kwasan and Hida Observatory, Kyoto University

In 2009, we could perform nothing concretely for the Algerian FMT.

But,

We have continued to apply for some funds to Japanese Government.

大学間連携事業　　 IUGONET 　　　　

各 地球、太陽地球間環境観測研究機関と協力し、観測データの共有化を進め特に長期的変動現象の解明に取り組む。

「太陽の短期的活動の宇宙天気に与える影響」、「太陽大気における衝撃波の形成」という科学テーマに重点を置いた　観測データの解析、研究の推進。

CHAIN-project を通した　・観測・解析環境の整備　・宇宙天気研究普及、共同研究の両側面からの発展途上国支援の展開を予定

宇宙天気研究の推進と教育普及のためのデータ共有化システムの構築と、そのデータベースへの CHAIN-project データの提供・活用

Current Problem & Roles of Japanese Capacity-building Group

◆ Definition of contributions of Japanese CAWSES-II

Various Japanese institutes have made much progress for many kinds of international researching activities. We must define clearly which activities correspond to contributions of CAWSES-II/ Capacity Building.

➥ When any instrumentation, workshop, or travel expenses for participants is financially supported as Japanese CAWSES-II, then this event is automatically considered an event belonging to Japanese CAWSES-II activities.

Current Problem & Roles of Japanese Capacity-building Group

◆ No stable budget for funding of these activities

➥ Gathering information and needs of all related institutes in Japan that have progressed international projects or that are planning to start such projects.

➥ Consolidating similar plans (such as workshops, sending of trainers) and organizing more systematic ones (for example, CAWSES School around South America in 2011?, around Asia in 2013?).

➥ Systematically applying to various funds, such as - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), - Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and - inter-university research institutes (NAOJ, STEL of Nagoya Univ. etc.) etc.