Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing ( CWDM ) · PDF file3 Coarse Wavelength Division...

CR-XMDX-XOptical Multiplexers/

De-Multiplexers,

4 and 8 channels

AD-X SeriesOptical Add/Drop

Multiplexers

(OADMs),

1, 2, and 4 channels

GFX SeriesActive CWDM

Gigabit Single-Mode

Fiber Converters

CFX SeriesActive CWDM

Fast Ethernet

Single-Mode

Fiber Converters

Coarse Wavelength Division

Multiplexing (CWDM)

Illustrated: Four- and eight-channel Multiplexers, and one, two, and four-channel opticalAdd/Drop Multiplexers

By transporting multiple wavelength channels in parallel, Coarse Wavelength Division

Multiplexing (CWDM*), increases the carrying capacity of single-mode fiber. Each

wavelength functions as a separate user data-channel. Canary Coarse Wavelength

Division Multiplexers/De-Multiplexers are passive optical devices that combine,

and parallel transmit, multi-wavelength data-channels while simultaneously

partitioning incoming multiplexed data streams into discrete user channels and

distributing them to their respective destinations. Canary’s Optical Add/Drop

Multiplexers (OADMs), enable up to four user channel wavelengths to exit and

then be re-inserted into a multiplexed data stream, allowing intermediate

locations access to a single-mode fiber segment linking major installations.

Active CWDM Media Converters provide Coarse wavelength transmissions

for Gigabit and Fast Ethernet channels, and are used with Canary Optical

Multiplexers, OADMs or equipment supplied by other vendors.

CWDM Technology can increase user access and system redundancy while

reducing network congestion – all with a minimum infrastructure investment.

Canary Communications – an industry leader in providing advanced connectivity

solutions for the evolving network.

CWDM –

the cost-effective

solution for increased

user access and reduced

network congestion

Pushing the leading edge … advancing the state of the art.

Canary Communications, Inc.18655 Madrone Pkwy, #100

Morgan Hill, CA 95037

Tel: (408)465-2277Fax: (408)465-2278

Web: www.canarycom.com

© 2004 Canary Communications. Canary isa trademark of Canary Communications, Inc. All

trademarks and registered trademarks are theproperties of their respective companies.ISO 9001 : 2000

Canary Communications is anISO 9001 : 2000 registered company.

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Power Supply:• None Required for Passive Optical

Multiplexer/Demultiplexers & OADMs• Please refer to respective Product

Family data sheets for PowerRequirement of units providingActive media conversion

Mechanical:Standalone/Rackable Mux/Demux & OADMs• Height: 1.7” ( 4.3 cm)• Length: 7.5” (19.2 cm)• Width: 17.4” (44.0 cm)• Weight: Single Unit: 3.2 lb (1.5 Kg)

Environmental (active converters):• Operating Temp.: 0 to 49ºC• Storage Temp.: -10 to 66ºC• Relative Humidity: 5% to 95%

non-condensing

Regulatory:• Active media converters / transceivers are

designed in compliance with FCC Class A-Part 15, CE, UL, CSA & TUV standards

• IEEE 802.3z, A/B; 1000BASE-T/SX/LX/ZX• Class 1 lasers conform to US 21CFR(J)

EN 60825-1, UL 1950 and IEC-825

Warranty:

• Five (5) Years, parts and labor

All information contained within this document is subject

to change without notice at Canary Communications’

sole and absolute discretion. Customer agrees that

Canary Communications is not liable for any actual,

consequential, exemplary or other damages arising from

any use of the information contained herein.

Canary warrants the performance of its products only in

accordance with its stated Five-year or Three-year

standard warranties. Canary Communications disclaims

any and all other warranties including express, implied,

statutory; and including warranties of merchantability

or fitness for a particular purpose – except where

prohibited by law. Canary Communications does not

transfer rights to any copyrighted software code

contained within or used by Canary Products.

Product Specifications Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

The pages that follow provide the followinginformation about Canary CWDM products:

• CWDM Introduction• Canary’s design principles

• Ordering Information• Standard four and eight-channel

Multiplexers/De-Multiplexers

• Single Fiber, Bi-Directional CWDMMultiplexers/De-Multiplexers

• Passive Optical Add-DropMultiplexers (OADMs)

• Gigabit Ethernet CWDM MediaConverters

• Fast Ethernet CWDM MediaConverters

• CWDM Overview

• Optical Insertion LossCalculations

*Usage: Throughout this document theacronym CWDM is used in two contexts: Itencompasses Coarse Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing technology as a whole. Or morenarrowly, it can refer to Coarse WavelengthDivision Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer (mux/demux) hardware that optically combinestransmitted wavelengths into a multiplexeddata stream or partitions them, when received,into individual channels.

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Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Introduction

The Canary Communications Coarse Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing solutionCanary’s approach to the CWDM marketplace and its deploymentis derived from a simple premise based on the following beliefs:

• Any network using single-mode fiber that needs more bandwidthcan benefit by deploying CWDM Technology.

• Deploying and using CWDM Technology does not require “new”,complex, “fully integrated” processor hardware with all the “bellsand whistles”.

• A basic CWDM installation can deliver most of the benefits of amuch more complex one – at a much lower total cost ofownership.

• An experienced network administrator/integrator has the requisiteskills to confidently deploy and use CWDM Technology.

• CWDM Technology does not mandate a rigid “one size fits all”mentality or approach to its deployment– (it) is modular, highlyscalable, and is flexible enough to meet most user needs.

These beliefs led to the following design principles:

• If more single-mode bandwidth is needed, CWDM Technologyis the solution.

• Deploying and using CWDM Technology does not have to becomplex.

• Deploying and using CWDM Technology does not have to beexpensive.

• Deploying and using CWDM Technology does not have to bedifficult.

• CWDM Technology should be used when network scalability,flexibility, and cost are key.

Canary Communications’ approach to the CWDM solution is outlined below, followed byordering information for our Four and Eight-Channel Multiplexers/De-Multiplexers Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional CWDM Multiplexers/De-Multiplexers, Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers(OADMs), and Gigabit and Fast Ethernet Converters with ITU-specified CWDM wavelengths.Users who would like a CWDM overview will find that discussion as one of two Appendicesto this data sheet. The other Appendix provides examples of Optical Insertion Loss Calculations.

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Canary’s premise is that users can enjoy the full benefit of CWDMTechnology, scaled to their exact needs, by using a simple, modular,building-block approach to its deployment. Canary’s productdevelopment philosophy is to leverage the marketplace’s familiarityand long experience with Media Converters and their use to makeCWDM Technology understandable, easily deployable, and, aboveall, economical to use.

Canary’s CWDM product offering implements the above premisesin the following ways:

1. Canary offers a wide range of Multiplexer/De-Multiplexerequipment with access capability for four, eight, and twelve userdata-channels over duplex fiber, and four user channels over asingle fiber strand. The Multiplexers are available in various formfactors – standalone/rackable chassis and as slide-in modulesfor our multi-port CCM-1600 and Manageable CCN-2000Converter Chassis families.

2. Canary’s selection of Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs)allows one, two, or four user-channels to exit and return to aCWDM data stream at intermediate locations on the fiber ring.One class of two-channel OADMs enable newly inserted orchannel return-path data to propagate separately into twodirections. The fiber segment is effectively split into two virtualsegments at that point.


Introduction

3. Active Media Converters with CWDM transmitters providingseveral different power levels are available to provide CWDMaccess for users with standard UTP or Fiber connections. Protocolssupported by CWDM Conversion include Gigabit Ethernet, FastEthernet, and Fibre Channel.

4. Modular CWDM Converter cards are available for the CanaryCCM-1600 and CCN-2000 chassis families.

5. A CCM-1600 or CCN-2000 chassis can be configured with oneslide-in Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer Module and the neededMedia Converter Modules to convert standard interfaces toCWDM wavelengths. The resulting package will function as aself-contained unit.

6. Canary’s CWDM Converter Modules are backward-compatiblewith older installed multi-port Converters. If a Canary multi-portchassis is already installed, upgrading to full CWDM capability isas simple as installing a Multiplexer Module and changing a fewConverter Cards.

The Canary CWDM and OADM products that follow reflect andapply this efficient, cost-effective, and user-friendly design anddevelopment philosophy.

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CR-XMDX-X – Four and Eight-channel Optical Multiplexers/De-Multiplexers

Canary’s economical Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexers(CWDMs) accomplish the process of combining and launching inparallel, multiple user data channels as a single, transmitted multi-wavelength data stream. The process uses completely passive, un-powered, optical components. In addition, the CWDMs partition(de-mux) incoming multiplexed optical signals and distribute theindividual traffic channels to their respective users. StandardMultiplexer/De-Multiplexer versions launch four and eight user-channels (wavelengths) across a single-mode duplex fiber segment.They are used in conjunction with specific Canary Media Convertermodels that provide active signal transmission using one of theeight defined CWDM wavelengths. They are also compatible withwavelength outputs from other CWDM-capable devices. It isimportant to insure that all interconnected CWDM devices, passiveand active, be carefully matched as to wavelengths (channels) beingallocated to specific user devices and their signal propagation pathsacross the fiber network. Keeping track of wavelength assignmentsis the sine qua non for successful CWDM installations.

Organizations deploying Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexingtechnology are able to increase user access, add redundancy, andreduce network congestion with a minimum infrastructureinvestment. With CWDM connections, multiple network users,subnets, or VPNs can simultaneously access single-mode fiber linksthat were formerly limited to single Server and Switch backbonetype connections.

Canary Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexers are available as

• Eight standard wavelengths available for standard single-mode fiber

• Four additional wavelengths (O-band) available for twelvechannels

• Compatible with other vendor’s CWDM transmitters

• Compatible with chassis-based CWDM modules

• Economical and flexible network installations

• No power required for operation

• Transparent to protocol type

• Simple plug and go installation

modules for the CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 chassis media converterfamilies.

Please refer to Figures 1. and 3. for a generalized view of connectionlayouts using Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers and Optical Add DropMultiplexers (OADMs) for user access at intermediate locations.

NOTES1. It is recommended that Canary passive CWDM multiplexer/de-multiplexer

and OADM devices only be paired with other Canary passive CWDM devicesfor proper functioning. This is necessary in order to balance end-to-end OpticalInsertion Losses across all multiplexed wavelengths. Outgoing (traffic) CWDMwavelengths are internally combined in a certain sequence during themultiplexing stage, with the first inserted wavelength subject to proportionallygreater Optical Loss than the last wavelength inserted. The incomingmultiplexed data stream at the remote site is separated and distributed in thesame order sequence during the de-multiplexer stage. The first wavelengthde-muxed incurs a lower loss than the last wavelength de-muxed. This pairedarrangement proportionally matches high losses accrued during the mux stageper wavelength with low losses incurred during the de-mux stage – in theprocess balancing end-to-end Optical Insertion losses across all wavelengths.Canary Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers that drop and insert more than onewavelength are subject to the same phenomena and are handled in a similarfashion.

2. Optical Attenuators may need to be installed to avoid overdriving the activeCWDM transceivers if the fiber span is too short. Optical Insertion Loss tablesto be used for calculating accumulated device Losses are included in the finalsection of this data sheet as well as sample Insertion Loss calculation examples.Please refer to the Optical Insertion Loss Table (I-2) for reference.

3. Before placing an order for Passive and Active CWDM components, an end-to-end network Power Budget Calculation should be completed that includesthe additional device Optical Losses incurred when deploying CWDMMultiplexer/De-Multiplexers and OADMs. An accurate estimate of the totalexpected optical power losses will help in the proper selection of Active CWDMConverters/ Transceivers providing the correct output power ranges. Table I-2in the last section lists the path Optical Insertion Losses through each class ofCanary Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers. These values should be used whenestimating the combined Optical Power losses that will accrue when deployingCWDM equipment.

Figure 1

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CR-4MDX-SFA + CR-4MDX-SFB Series – Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers

Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer versionssupport four user-channels across a simplex, (single-fiber) single-mode strand. Each of the four user-channels employs twowavelengths – one for outgoing data transmission and one forincoming data reception. In practice, eight wavelengths are pairedin use and require two variants of Canary’s Single-Fiber Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers to be linked as complementary pairs. One Single-Fiber variant (SFA) transmits on Group-A wavelengths (λs) andreceives on Group-B wavelengths. The other variant (SFB) transmitson Group-B wavelengths and receives on Group-A wavelengths.Together, they form a complementary pair … accordingly, eachSFA unit ordered and deployed must be paired with a correspondingSFB unit. One SFA version must always be connected to one SFBversion for the proper functioning of single-fiber, bi-directional links.Standalone SFA units can function with any other CCM-1600 orCCN-2000 chassis-based SFB Multiplexers and visa versa. Single-Fiber Multiplexers are ideal for maintaining or increasing user accesswhen available fiber is limited to a single strand or one strand of aduplex pair is being redeployed for other uses.

Canary Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional Coarse Wavelength DivisionMultiplexers use completely passive, un-powered, opticalcomponents and are available as modules for both the CCM-1600and CCN-2000 chassis media converter families, and as standaloneversions.

Please refer to Figure 2 to view a Single-Fiber Bi-Directional CWDMconnection scheme.

• Four user channels supported over a single fiber strand




• Helps conserve limited fiber infrastructure




Figure 2

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CR-4MDX-SFA + CR-4MDX-SFB Series – Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional CWDM Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers

Illustrated: Four- and Eight-channel Multiplexers

9


CR-XMDX-X – Four- and Eight-channel optical Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers

CR-4MDX-SFA + CR-4MDX-SFB Series – Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers

Ordering InformationModel Numbers Description Multiplexer/ ITU-CWDM Wavelengths ( λ) Power Network Port

De-Multiplexers (with Passive Optics) in nanometers (ηm) Supply Connector

CR-4MD1-A ** 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group A λs (SC clients) 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD1-B 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group B λs (SC clients) 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD1-C 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group C λs (SC clients) 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD1-D 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group D λs (SC clients) 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD1-M 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group M λs (SC clients) 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD1-SFA * 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Single-Fiber Bi-Directional TX: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590 None SC - s/mRX: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610

CR-4MD1-SFB * 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Single-Fiber Bi-Directional TX: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610 None SC - s/mRX: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590

CR-8MD1-E 8-Channel Mux/Demux, Group E λs (SC clients) 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 None SC - s/m

CR-8MD1-F 8-Channel Mux/Demux, Group F λs (SC clients) 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450 None SC - s/m

CR-8MD1-M 8-Channel Mux/Demux, Group M λs (SC clients) 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD6-A 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group A λs (LC clients) 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD6-B 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group B λs (LC clients) 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD6-C 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group C λs (LC clients) 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD6-D 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group D λs (LC clients) 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD6-M 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group M λs (LC clients) 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370 None SC - s/m

CR-4MD6-SFA * 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Single-Fiber Bi-Directional TX: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590 None SC - s/mRX: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610

CR-4MD6-SFB * 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Single-Fiber Bi-Directional TX: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610 None SC - s/mRX: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590

CR-8MD6-E 8-Channel Mux/Demux, Group E λs (LC clients) 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 None SC - s/m

CR-8MD6-F 8-Channel Mux/Demux, Group F λs (LC clients) 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450 None SC - s/m

CR-8MD6-M 8-Channel Mux/Demux, Group M λs (LC clients) 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370, 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450 None SC - s/m

* Single-Fiber Bi-Directional, 4-channel Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers must be connected as complementary SFA & SFB pairs i.e. one SFA unit must be connected with one SFB unit toestablish a proper, functioning data link across the single-mode fiber cable.** All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections. Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiberconnectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths ( λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for thestandard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηmNOTE: CR-XMX-X Standalone Multiplexer / Demultiplexers are available as modules for the CCM-1600 chassis and SNMP / WEB manageable, 20-slot CCN-2000 chassis. Using thesame model numbers as above, substitute CM in place of the CR prefix for the CCM-1600 chassis. For the CCN-2000, substitute CN in place of the CR prefix.Please refer to other Converter and chassis product data pages for additional CWDM information.

Illustrated: Canary’s Add/Drop Multiplexer Family

10


AD-X Series – Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

Canary’s Optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) enable selectedchannel wavelengths to “Drop” (exit) and to be “Added” (re-inserted)into a multi-wavelength, single-mode data stream. This allowsintermediate locations between host sites to access the common,point-to-point fiber segment linking them. Wavelengths not“dropped”, pass-through the OADM and continue on in the directionof the remote host site. Additional selected wavelengths can be“dropped” by successive OADMs as needed. Each droppedwavelength (lambda) represents a two-way user or subnetconnection. User traffic being re-inserted “Added” on the fiber ringreturns to the common origin while “pass-through” traffic continuesin the direction of the remote host. As each successive wavelengthis removed and re-inserted on the fiber, fewer lambdas continueon to the remote host. Progression in the direction of the remotehost ends at the OADM point that a wavelength is “dropped”because, as expected, its channel return-path is back to the origin.

In the case where the architecture is a single host and a series ofdrop points connected along a fiber bus, the segment end-pointcould be a single OADM with no other channels being forwarded.In this scenario, there would not be a need for a remote multi-channel CWDM Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer.

Please refer to Figures 1 and 3. for a view of a generalized CWDMand OADM connection scheme employing multiple, mid-span, userAdd/Drop (client) access points.

• Access for One, Two or Four user channels at intermediatering locations


• Used with Canary active CWDM media converters






Canary Communications provides Optical add/drop multiplexerswith up to four client connections. There are single-channel (singleuser-connection) OADMs, dual-channel (two user) OADMs, andquad-channel OADMs. They allow one, two or four user/subnetconnections for single-mode access at each intermediate OADMlocation depending on the number of wavelengths originallylaunched at the origin multiplexer. Dual-channel OADMs come intwo configurations. One uses a separate wavelength for each channel.The other uses the same wavelength for each channel but makesthe channel return-path direction different for each or allows trafficto be inserted in opposite directions on the fiber ring.

Canary’s OADMs are completely un-powered devices that usepassive optics. They are used in conjunction with Canary’s activeCWDM wavelength, Fiber-to-Fiber and UTP-to-Fiber MediaConverters or with other compatible devices launching CWDMwavelengths. Gigabit and Fast Ethernet Converters are describedin detail, in later sections of this data sheet. The following sectionsprovide OADM ordering tables and product specifications, as wellas additional descriptive and functional information as needed.

Figure 3

11


AD-X Series – Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

Illustrated: Single-wavelength, Single-Channel Optical Add/DropMultiplexer

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AD1-XX-S1 Series – Single-channel Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

The following table lists OADMs that service a single Client-channel Drop & Add (reinsertion) using one (Drop) wavelength.

Ordering InformationModel Numbers Description ITU-CWDM Wavelengths (λ) Power Network (Loop)

(OADMs) in nanometers (ηm) Source Connector

CR-4MD1-A* 4-Channel Mux/Demux, Group A λs (SC clients) * (Group A λs: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590) None SC - s/m

AD1-47-S1 1-Channel, 1-Wavelength, One SC Client port λ = 1470 ηm None, Passive (2) SC - s/m




(Group B λs: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610)





(Group C λs: 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350)


AD1-XX-S1 Same as above except Group C (λ) descriptions None, Passive SC - s/m

AD1-XX-S1 Same as above except Group D (λ) descriptions (Group D λs: 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450) None, Passive SC - s/m

AD1-XX-S1 Same as above except Group M (λ) descriptions (Group M λs: 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370) None, Passive SC - s/m

All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections. Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiberconnectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for thestandard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm* Four channel Multiplexer/De-Mulitiplexer showing Group wavelengths for reference.

Illustrated: Dual-Wavelength, Dual-Channel Passive Optical Add-DropMultiplexer

13


AD2-XXYY-S1 Series – Dual Wavelength/Dual Channel Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

AD2-XX-S1 Series – Single Wavelength/Dual Channel Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

Two-channel OADMs are available in two variants. The first uses aseparate wavelength per user channel i.e. lambda XX for ChannelOne and lambda YY for Channel Two, as in the single-channel andquad-channel OADM pattern. Both wavelengths are launched froma common origin or host CWDM. When they are “Added” i.e. re-inserted on a fiber by an intermedita location OADM, they bothpropagate along the same return-path to their common origin.

The second Two-channel OADM variant uses the same wavelengthfor both channels i.e. lambda XX is used for both channels Oneand Two. This variant is used when the return-path for each channelis different i.e. one re-inserted traffic stream returns in the directionof its host CWDM while the other re-inserted stream flows in theopposite direction to the other “remote” host.

The two return-path directions are commonly identified as the“Eastern” leg or segment and as the “Western” leg or segment.The two-channel, single-wavelength, OADM effectively bifurcatesthe fiber ring into two virtual segments at that intermediate pointfor the wavelength in use. The host on each leg serves as the segmentorigin for that wavelength. An Add/Drop channel originating at ahost CWDM on the “Eastern” leg has its return-path on that legwhile an Add/Drop channel originating on the “Western” leg has itsreturn-path on that leg. All other non-dropped wavelengths “pass-through” the OADM and propagate across the fiber in the normalmanner.

Alternatively, a single wavelength two-channel OADM(AD2-XX-S1) gives an integrator the freedom to design a logicalmid-span inflection point into a fiber segment that enables aconnected host to simultaneously launch separate traffic streamsinto each of the two directions on the fiber ring – i.e. one datastream into the “Western” segment and one stream into the “Eastern”segment. Deployed in this way, an AD2-XX-S1 limits one data-channel to one part of the single-mode fiber segment or ring, whileblocking the other data channel’s access to it – and restricts thesecond data-channel to its (separate) part of the fiber segment whilethe first channel is blocked from accessing it. This feature can beused to physically create two VLANs on the fiber ring without actuallyemploying VLAN Tagging.

Please refer to Figure 4. for a view of a generalized two-channelCWDM single-wavelength OADM connection scheme.

Figure 4A

14


AD2-XX-S1 Series – Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

Figure 4B

15


AD2-XX-S1 Series – Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers - OADMs

16


AD2-XXYY-S1 Series – Dual Wavelength/Dual Channel Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

AD2-XX-S1 Series – Single Wavelength/Dual Channel Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

The following table lists OADMs that service two Client-access-channel ‘Drops & Adds’ (reinsertions) using two (Drop) wavelengths.



CR-4MD-A* 4-Channel Mux/De-Mux, Group A λs (SC Client) * (Group A λs: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590)

AD2-4751-S1 2-Channels, 2-Wavelengths, Two SC Client ports λs = 1470 ηm & 1510 ηm None, Passive (2) SC - s/m


(Group B λs: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610)



AD2-XXYY-S1 Same as above except Group C (λ) descriptions * (Group C λs: 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350) None, Passive SC - s/m

AD2-XXYY-S1 Same as above except Group D (λ) descriptions * (Group D λs: 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450) None, Passive SC - s/m

AD2-XXYY-S1 Same as above except Group M (λ) descriptions * (Group M λs: 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370) None, Passive SC - s/m

All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections. Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiberconnectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for thestandard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm* Four-channel Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer showing Group wavelengths for reference.



CR-4MD1-A* 4-Channel Mux/De-Mux, Group A λs (SC Client) (Group A λs: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590)

AD2-47-S1 2-Channels, 1-Wavelength, Two SC Client ports λ = 1470 λm None, Passive (2) SC - s/m




(Group B λs: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610)





AD2-XX-S1 Same as above except Group C (λ) descriptions (Group C λs: 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350) None, Passive SC - s/m


AD2-XX-S1 Same as above except Group D (λ) descriptions (Group D λs: 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450) None, Passive SC - s/m

AD2-XX-S1 Same as above except Group M (λ) descriptions (Group M λs: 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370) None, Passive SC - s/m

All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections. Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiberconnectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for thestandard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm* Four-channel Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer showing Group wavelengths for reference.

17

Illustrated: Quad channel CWDM with stacked single channel units


AD4-4X-S1 Series – Quad Channel, Four Wavelength Passive Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers

The following table lists OADMs that service two Client “Drop & Add” channels using the same (Drop) wavelength. Each channel’s return-pathpropagates in a different direction (East or West) on the single-mode fiber to different host CWDM end-points.

The following table lists OADMs that service four Client-access channel Drops & Adds using four wavelengths.



AD4-4A-S1 4-Channels, 4-Wavelengths, Four SC Client ports (Group A λs: 1470, 1510, 1550, 1590) None, Passive (2) SC - s/m

AD4-4B-S1 4-Channels, 4-Wavelengths, Four SC Client ports (Group B λs: 1490, 1530, 1570, 1610) None, Passive (2) SC - s/m

AD4-4C-S1 Same as above except Group C (λ) descriptions (Group C λs: 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350) None, Passive SC - s/m

AD2-4D-S1 Same as above except Group D (λ) descriptions (Group D λs: 1390, 1410, 1430, 1450) None, Passive SC - s/m

AD2-4M-S1 Same as above except Group M (λ) descriptions (Group M λs: 1310, 1330, 1350, 1370) None, Passive SC - s/m

All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections. Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiberconnectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for thestandard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm

18


GFT-10W Series – Gigabit UTP-to-Fiber converters with CWDM-specified wavelengths

GFC-55W Series – Gigabit Multi-mode to Single-mode converters with CDWM-specified wavelengths

CFT-20W Series – Fast Ethernet UTP-to-Fiber converters with CWDM specified wavelengths

CFC-21W Series – Fast Ethernet Multi-mode to Single-mode converters with CWDM wavelengths

The following sections list and describe standalone Media Convertersthat provide active CWDM wavelength transmission for linking userswith Canary Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers and Optical Add/DropMultiplexers. Each CWDM Converter is derived from its respectivestandard Media Converter family.

Canary’s Coarse Wavelength, active copper-to-fiber and fiber-to-fiber Media Converters deliver the full range of CWDM wavelengthsand power for Gigabit and Fast Ethernet connections. Deployedremotely, standalone CWDM converters can be used with CanaryOptical Add/Drop Multiplexers or those supplied by other vendors.They are ideal for upgrading slightly older equipment installationsfor full CWDM access. For example, in a university setting, olderinstalled switches with fiber links can be given the capability forparallel CWDM transmission by deploying Canary CWDM MediaConverters and Multiplexers. This would vastly increase the effectivebandwidth of the university’s fiber infrastructure, resulting in greateruser access and system resilience.

Equivalent Converter modules for the CCM-1600 chassis and themanageable CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 chassis mirror theperformance of their standalone equivalents. Transmission distancesrange between 40 to 80 Kilometers, depending on data rates andoptical launch power. Other protocols will be available as specialrequests and technology allows.

Canary active CWDM wavelength converters are functionallyidentical to standard units with the exception that paired units atopposite ends of a fiber link comprising a user channel, must bemodels with identical CWDM wavelengths in order to maintaintheir common channel link e.g. if one device is operating on GigabitEthernet at 1470 ηm, the second must transmit and receive at thesame data rate and wavelength. Similarly, a standalone 1470 ηmunit can be connected to an equivalent CCM-1600 or CCN-2000/CCN-0400 chassis module transmitting on the same wavelength.

19


GFT-10WXX Series – Gigabit UTP-to-Fiber converters with CWDM-specified wavelengths

Canary’s GFT-10W-XX series of standalone Coarse WavelengthDivision Multiplexing (CWDM) converters deliver economicalGigabit UTP-to-Fiber CWDM connections. They are designed toprovide access to high capacity CWDM based networks by enablingthe transport of Gigabit data through CWDM Multiplexers and areused with Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) for channelaccess by intermediate locations.

GFT-10W-XX series Converters are compatible with other CWDMstandalone and modular chassis versions transporting GigabitEthernet and are functionally identical to standard units with theexception that units at opposite ends of a fiber link must be modelswith identical CWDM wavelengths in order to maintain a commonchannel link. GFT-10W-XX Converters can be connected to CCM-1600 or CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 chassis modules with the sametransmission wavelengths.

• 1000BASE-T Autonegotiation for Full-duplex and Half-duplex operation with Flow-Control and;

• Switch selectable, Fiber-Port Autonegotiation for common,end-to-end link awareness and Flow-Control support, or forindependent connection to Gigabit fiber ports on olderswitches

• Internal Auto-sensing, MDI / MDI-X crossover switch forNetwork Interface Card or Switch connections

• Dual power jacks for connecting optional, redundant powersupply

• Optional: UK, Continental European power

• Auto-sensing 100/240 VAC power supply

• Transmits individual ITU specified CWDM wavelengths

• Transparent to Flow-Control commands such as PAUSE

• A full array of status / diagnostic LEDs

Ordering InformationModel Media Min. Tx Max. Tx Rx Min. PWR Max.PWR Max. Input Connector Wavelengths TransmitNumbers Types PWR PWR Sensitivity Budget Budget PWR Type (ηm) Distance

GFT-10W-XX * UTP / SM -5.0 dBm 0.0 dBm -22.0 dBm 17.0 dB 22.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC CWDM 40 Km

GFT-10W-XXE6 UTP / SM 0.0 dBm 5.0 dBm -24.0 dBm 24.0 dB 29.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC CWDM 60+ Km

GFT-10W-XXE8 UTP / SM dBm dBm dBm dB dB dBm SC CWDM 80 Km

* NOTE 1: W-XX designates one of eighteen CWDM optical transmission wavelengths (λ) e.g. GFT-10W-47 = 1470 ηm or GFT-10W-61 = 1610 ηm transmission.Please refer to other CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Data sheets for additional information.* NOTE 2: GFT-10W-XX / GFT-10W-XXEX standalone converters are available as modules for Canary’s CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Chassis models.Please refer to the CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Data Sheets for more information.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for the standard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs: 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηmTemperature Dependence of Active CWDM Transmitter Center Wavelengths ≤ 0.08 ηm per degree CMore versions of the GFT-10W-XX series may be found on the Canary web site as they become available.

20


GFC-55W-XX Series – Gigabit Multi-mode to Single-mode converters with CDWM-specified wavelengths

Canary’s GFC-55W-XX series are standalone, Gigabit Fiber-to-Fiberconverters that convert multi-mode link connections into single-mode connections with ITU-specified CWDM wavelengths. Theyprovide access to high capacity CWDM based networks by enablingthe transport of Gigabit data through CWDM Multiplexers and areused with Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) for channelaccess by intermediate locations.

They are compatible with other CWDM standalone and modularCCM-1600 and CCN-2000/CCN-0400 chassis versionstransporting Gigabit Ethernet. Standard GFC multi-mode portsprovide minimum transmission distances of 220+ meters over 62.5/125 µm fiber or 500+ meters over 50.0/125 µm fiber.


• Transparent to Flow-Control commands such as PAUSE

• Dual power jacks for connecting optional, redundantpower supply


• Auto-sensing, 100 / 240 VAC Power Supply

• Diagnostic LEDs

Ordering InformationModel Media Min. Tx Max. Tx Rx Min. PWR Max.PWR Max. Input Connector Wavelengths TransmitNumbers Types PWR PWR Sensitivity Budget Budget PWR Type (ηm) DistanceGFC converters with standard multi-mode fiber port connectors are designated by (GFC-55XX) or (GFC-56XX) and have common power and sensitivity specifications

GFC-5555 MM / MM -9.5 dBm -4.0 dBm -17.0 dBm 7.5 dB 13.0 dB 0.0 dBm SC/SC 850 ηm 220/550 m ea.

Specifications above in blue are for multi-mode, fiber connectors. Specifications below for single-mode, fiber connectors.

GFC-55W-XX * MM / SM -5.0 dBm 0.0 dBm -22.0 dBm 17.0 dB 22.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC/SC CWDM 550m / 40 Km

GFC-55W-XXE6 MM / SM 0.0 dBm 5.0 dBm -24.0 dBm 24.0 dB 29.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC/SC CWDM 550m / 60 Km

GFC-55W-XXE8 MM / SM dBm dBm dBm dB dB dBm SC/SC CWDM 550m / 80 Km

* NOTE 1: W-XX designates one of eighteen CWDM optical transmission wavelengths (λ) e.g. GFC-55W-47 = 1470 ηm or GFC-55W-61 = 1610 ηm transmission.Please refer to the CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Section for more information.* NOTE 2: GFC-55W-XX standalone converters are available as card modules for Canary’s CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Chassis models.Please refer to the CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Data Sheets for more information.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber.Canary offers products for the standard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs: 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηmTemperature Dependence of Active CWDM Transmitter Center Wavelengths ≤ 0.08 ηm per degree CMore versions of the GFC-55W-XX series may be found on the Canary web site as they become available.

21


CFT-20W-XX Series – Fast Ethernet UTP-to-Fiber converters with CWDM specified wavelengths

Canary’s CFT-20W-XX series of Coarse Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing (CWDM) converters offer economical access to highcapacity CWDM based networks by providing an efficient way tolaunch multiple Fast Ethernet channels for transport through CWDMMultiplexers. Used with Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers, they providea simple means for channel access by intermediate locations.

CFT-20W-XX converters are the first in the industry to speedupSpanning Tree link recovery by employing Link Fault Signaling (LFS)technology while supporting Far-End Fault-Indication and paralleldetection.

CWDM converters are functionally identical to standard units withthe exception that units at opposite ends of a fiber link must bemodels with identical wavelengths in order to maintain a commonchannel link e.g. if one device is operating at 1470 ηm, the secondmust transmit and receive on the same wavelength. Similarly, astandalone 1470 ηm unit can be connected to a CCM-1600 orCCN-2000 / CCN-0400 chassis module with the same wavelength.

• Switch for Hard-Setting Full-Duplex or 100BASE-TXAutonegotiation for 100 Mbs, Full and Half-duplex operation

• Internal Auto-sensing, MDI / MDI-X crossover switch forproper Network Interface Card or Switch connections

• Switch enabled Link Fault Signaling (LFS) – Forwards lostlink awareness to each connected host


• Auto-sensing, 100 / 240 VAC Power Supply

• A full array of diagnostic LEDs

Ordering InformationModel Media Min. Tx Max. Tx Rx Min. PWR Max.PWR Max. Input Connector Wavelengths TransmitNumbers Types PWR PWR Sensitivity Budget Budget PWR Type (ηm) Distance

CFT-20W-XX * UTP / SM dBm dBm dBm dB dB dBm SC CWDM Km

CFT-20W-XX UTP / SM -5.0 dBm 0.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 29.0 dB 34.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC CWDM 80 Km

CFT-20W-XXE9 UTP / SM -3.0 dBm 2.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 31.0 dB 36.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC CWDM 100 Km

* NOTE 1: W-XX designates one of eighteen CWDM optical transmission wavelengths (λ) e.g. CFT-20W-47 = 1470 ηm or CFT-20W-61 = 1610 ηm transmission.Please refer to the CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Section for more information.NOTE 2: CFT-20W-XX standalone converters are available as card modules for Canary’s CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Chassis models.Please refer to the CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Data Sheets for more information.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber.Canary offers products for the standard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs: 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηmTemperature Dependence of Active CWDM Transmitter Center Wavelengths ≤ 0.08 ηm per degree CMore versions of the CFT-20W-XX series may be found on the Canary web site as they become available.

22


CFC-21W-XX and CFC-91W-XX Series – Fast Ethernet Fiber-to-Fiber converters with CWDM wavelengths

Canary’s CFC-XXW-XX series of Fast Ethernet, Coarse WavelengthDivision Multiplexing (CWDM) converters provide an economicalway to launch multiple Fast Ethernet channels through CWDMMultiplexers for transport and access to high capacity CWDM-basednetworks. Used with Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers, they providea simple means for channel access by intermediate locations.

CFC-XXW-XX converters are functionally identical to standard unitswith the exception that units at opposite ends of a fiber link mustbe models with identical wavelengths in order to maintain a commonchannel link. Similarly, a standalone unit can be connected to aCCM-1600 or CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 chassis module transmittingon the same CWDM wavelength.


• Auto-sensing 100/240 VAC power supply


• Automatic Link Fault Signaling (LFS) Forwards lost linksignals to each connected host

• 100 BASE-FX fiber specifications

• Diagnostic LEDs

Ordering InformationModel Media Min. Tx Max. Tx Rx Min. PWR Max.PWR Max. Input Connector Wavelengths TransmitNumbers Types PWR PWR Sensitivity Budget Budget PWR Type (ηm) DistanceStandard multi-mode fiber port connectors are designated by (21 or 22) and have common power & sensitivity specifications: PWR: –20/ -14 dBm; Sensitivity: -31 dBmStandard single-mode fiber port connectors are designated by (-91-) and have common power & sensitivity specifications: PWR: -15/ -8 dBm; Sensitivity: -34 dBm

CFC-2121 MM / MM -20.0 dBm -14.0 dBm -31.0 dBm 11.0 dB 17.0 dB -8.0 dBm SC/SC 1310 ηm 2 Km Each

Specifications above in blue are for multi-mode, fiber connectors. Specifications below for single-mode, fiber connectors.

CFC-9191 SM / SM -15.0 dBm -8.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 19.0 dB 26.0 dB -7.0 dBm SC/SC 1310 ηm 30 Km Each

CFC-21W-XX * MM / SM / / / / / / SC/SC CWDM Km

CFC-21W-XX MM / SM -5.0 dBm 0.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 29.0 dB 34.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC/SC CWDM 2Km / 80 Km

CFC-21W-XXE9 MM / SM -3.0 dBm 2.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 31.0 dB 36.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC/SC CWDM 2Km / 100Km

CFC-91W-XX SM / SM -5.0 dBm 0.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 29.0 dB 34.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC/SC CWDM 30Km / 80Km

CFC-91W-XXE9 SM / SM -3.0 dBm 2.0 dBm -34.0 dBm 31.0 dB 36.0 dB -3.0 dBm SC/SC CWDM 30Km/100Km

* NOTE 1: W-XX designates one of eighteen CWDM optical transmission wavelengths (λ) e.g. CFC-91W-47 = 1470 ηm or CFC-91W-61 = 1610 ηm transmission.Please refer to other CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Data Sheets for additional information.NOTE 2: Canary CWDM standalone converters are available as card modules for Canary’s CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Chassis models.Please refer to the CCM-1600 and CCN-2000 / CCN-0400 Data Sheets for more information.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber.Canary offers products for the standard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs: 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm

More versions of the CFC-21W-XX or CFC-91W-XX series may be found on the Canary web site as they become available.

23

Appendices

Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Overview

Optical Insertion Loss Calculations

24


Overview

Why Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing?Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)* is a technologythat increases the data carrying capacity or bandwidth of single-mode fiber by transporting multiple wavelengths (lambdas) in parallelover it, each wavelength carrying a discrete user data channel. Thetechnique employs completely passive devices that (on one end)optically combine and launch multiple wavelength data channels,and (on the other end) recovers, partitions and distributes them totheir respective user destinations. Commonly, eight discretewavelengths, one lambda (λ) per channel, are used to access existingsingle-mode links at this time.

CWDM Technology increases user access to existing installed fiber,offers greater system redundancy and reduces network congestionwith a minimum infrastructure investment. With CWDMconnections, multiple network users, subnets or VPNs can accessand traverse single-mode links that were formerly limited to singleuser, Server and Switch backbone type connections.

There are eighteen unique, ITU defined CWDM wavelengthsavailable for Gigabit Ethernet and other high-speed protocols.Currently, there are eight ITU CWDM wavelengths available fortransmission of Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel and Fast Ethernetover standard SMF-28 type single-mode fiber, with an additionalfour (O-Band) wavelengths also useable. The remaining wavelengthsare subject to excessive optical attenuation over standard single-mode fiber and require the use of special low water-peak (lowhydroxyl ion) fiber.

The eighteen wavelengths of the CWDM spectrum are opticallyseparated by twenty nanometers (ηm) spacing. This spacing ensuresthat correct channel separation is maintained between connecteddevices even though the transmitter elements are un-cooled andthe ambient transmitter temperatures vary across the normal 70º Cnetwork range. In this environment, current technology makes itpossible for wavelengths to not drift more than 0.1 ηm/degree C,and with 20 ηm channel spacing, maintains sufficient margin forproper channel separation.

Advantages of CWDM vs. DWDM (Dense WavelengthDivision Multiplexing) technologyCWDM has the advantages of less complexity, lower installed andtotal lifetime cost of ownership, relatively simple installation, haslower power and cooling requirements, and is optimized for mid-range (40 to 80+ kilometers) metro and campus networks. CWDMis limited to a maximum of twelve channels over standard SMF-28type single-mode fiber, and up to eighteen channels if using lowattenuation (low water-peak) single-mode fiber. Nevertheless, aneight, twelve or eighteen fold increase in Fiber bandwidth representsa huge increase in available transmission capacity over traditionalapproaches, with minimal infrastructure investment.

DWDM has the potential advantage of many more (120 or moretightly-spaced channels) over single-mode fiber, has potentially muchgreater transmission range, operates over a narrow band (C and L-bands) of light frequencies with outputs ranging between 1530and 1620 ηm, can be used in the metro space, and can beconfigured for long-haul applications. There is also considerablefield experience in deploying DWDM systems. These advantageshowever come with the serious penalties of greater systemcomplexity and much higher initial and lifetime system andmanpower costs. These costs are due to the following requirements:The installation on each transmitter module of Peltier Effect ThermalElectric Coolers (TECs) and associated control circuitry needed forprecise wavelength management, more powerful laser transceiverswith sensitive (expensive) avalanche photo-diode (APD) receivers,greater system power and cooling requirements, erbium dopedfiber amplifiers (EDFAs) to boost long range transmission power,more complex passive optics (that have to contend with very narrowwavelength spacing, pass-band power-leveling, four-wave mixing,polarization mode dispersion etc.), and a much larger spare partsinventory.

DWDM potentially offers much greater bandwidth but the initialstart-up and life-cycle costs are daunting and significantly greaterthan those required for a full-featured, high-bandwidth CWDMsolution.

NOTES*Usage: Throughout this document the acronym CWDM is used in two contexts: Itencompasses Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology as a whole. Ormore narrowly, it can refer to Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer(mux/demux) hardware that optically combines transmitted wavelengths into amultiplexed data stream or partitions them, when received, into individual channels.

25


Optical Isolation Values

The following section presents a Table of Optical Isolation values (Table I-1) for reference and a Table of Optical Insertion Loss values (Table I-2) for Power Budget Calculations and demonstrates their use within Optical Insertion Loss Budget calculation examples.

The calculation examples only consider the accumulated Insertion Losses that are contributed by CWDM Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer andOADM equipment supplied by Canary Communications when deploying them in a network. A complete Optical Budget for the entire networkshould be calculated separately.

Table (I-1)Model Descriptions (OADMs & Optical Isolation for each Optical Isolation Per Optical Isolation Per Optical Isolation PerNumbers Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers) Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer OADM Drop point OADM Add point OADM Pass-Thru point

stage (Minimum) (Minimum) (Minimum) (Minimum)

CR-4MD1-A /B 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Groups A or B λs > 30.0 dB each Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-4MD6-A /B (Wavelengths)

CR-4MD1-SFA* 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional, > 30.0 dB each Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-4MD6-SFA* TX: Grp. A λs, RX: Grp. B λs

CR-4MD1-SFB* 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional, > 30.0 dB each Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-4MD6-SFB * TX: Grp. B λs , RX: Grp. A λs

CR-8MD1-E/F 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Groups E or F λs > 30.0 dB each Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-8MD6-E/F (Wavelengths)

AD1-47-S1 1-Channel OADM, 1-λthru One SC Client- Not Applicable > 30.0 dB > 30.0 dB > 25.0 dBAD1-61-S1 Add/Drop port

AD2-47-S1 2-Channel OADM, 1-λthru Two SC Client- Not Applicable > 30.0 dB > 30.0 dB > 25.0 dBAD2-61-S1 Add/Drop ports

AD2-4751-S1 2-Channel OADM, 2-λsthru Two SC Client- Not Applicable > 30.0 dB > 30.0 dB > 25.0 dBAD2-5761-S1 Add/Drop ports

AD4-4A-S1 4-Channel OADM, 4-λsand Four SC Client- Not Applicable > 30.0 dB > 30.0 dB > 12.5 dBAD4-4B-S1 Add/Drop ports

*Single-Fiber Bi-Directional, 4-channel Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers must be connected as complementary SFA & SFB pairs i.e. one SFA unit must be connected with one SFB unit toestablish a proper, functioning data link across the single-mode fiber trunk-cable.All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections.Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiber connectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber.Canary offers products for the standard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm

26


Optical Insertion Losses

Table (I-2)Model Descriptions (OADMs & Insertion Loss at Multiplexer Insertion Loss Per Insertion Loss Per Insertion Loss PerNumbers Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers) and/or De-Multiplexer point OADM Drop point OADM Add point OADM Pass-Thru point

Typical Maximum Typical Maximum Typical Maximum Typical Maximum

CR-4MD1-A/B 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Groups A or B λs 1.2 dB 2.4 dB Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-4MD6-A /B (Wavelengths)

CR-4MD1-SFA* 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional, 2.4 dB 3.4 dB Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-4MD6-SFA* TX: Grp. A λs, RX: Grp. B λs

CR-4MD1-SFB* 4-Channel Mux/Demuxand Single-Fiber, Bi-Directional, 2.4 dB 3.4 dB Not Applicable Not Applicable Not ApplicableCR-4MD6-SFB* TX: Grp. B λs, RX: Grp. A λs

CR-8MD1-E/F 4-Channel Mux/Demux and Groups E or F λs 2.4 dB 3.4 dB Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable CR-8MD6-E/F (Wavelengths)

AD1-47-S1 1-Channel OADM, 1-λ thru One SC Client- Not Applicable 1.0 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 1.4 dB 0.5 dB 1.0 dBAD1-61-S1 Add/Drop port

AD2-47-S1 2-Channel OADM, 1-λthru Two SC Client- Not Applicable 1.0 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 1.4 dB 0.5 dB 1.0 dBAD2-61-S1 Add/Drop ports

AD2-4751-S1 2-Channel OADM, 2-λsthru Two SC Client- Not Applicable 1.0 dB 1.7 dB 1.0 dB 1.7 dB 0.8 dB 1.4 dBAD2-5761-S1 Add/Drop ports

AD4-4A-S1 4-Channel OADM, 4-λsand Four SC Client- Not Applicable 1.0 dB 2.4 dB 1.0 dB 2.4 dB 1.0 dB 2.0 dBAD4-4B-S1 Add/Drop ports

* Single-Fiber Bi-Directional, 4-channel Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers must be connected as complementary SFA & SFB pairs i.e. one SFA unit must be connected with one SFB unit toestablish a proper, functioning data link across the single-mode fiber trunk-cable. All models of Passive Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers & OADMs use SC connectors as standard for single-mode network (loop) connections. Client ports can be either SC or LC style fiberconnectors.There are eighteen CWDM wavelengths (λs) specified. Eight standard wavelengths plus four O-band λs are useable over most standard single-mode fiber. Canary offers products for thestandard eight wavelengths plus four O-band λs e.g. 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, 1610 ηm + 1290, 1310, 1330, 1350 ηm

The following table lists the (path) Optical Insertion Losses through each class of Canary Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers and Optical Add/DropMultiplexers that provide high-capacity CWDM access. The tabular Insertion Loss values are used for estimating the combined Optical PowerLosses incurred by an optical signal traversing a series of Passive CWDM Multiplexer or OADM stages. The Optical Insertion Losses througheach device are treated as equivalent for all wavelengths for calculation purposes. Recall that individual OADM models may ‘Drop’ one, two orfour wavelengths.

27

Illustrated: CCM-1600 Chassis connected to a CR-8MD1-E StandaloneMultiplexer

The following definitions and explanations are used in estimatingaccumulated Optical Insertion Losses.

1. Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer stages: where multiple channelwavelengths (four, eight or twelve) are initially combined andcoupled to a single-mode fiber cable or de-coupled and separatedinto individual channels - typically at fiber cable end-points i.e. atOrigin CWDM launch-points and at (Remote) CWDM channelend-points.

2. Drop-Point - an OADM function: where one or more wavelengths(user channels) are de-coupled from the fiber cable at anintermediate location along the cable span i.e. a branching point.

3. Add-Point – an OADM function: an intermediate location where one or more wavelengths (user channels) are re-inserted (coupled) ontothe fiber cable for the Return-path trip (back) to the CWDM Origin.

4. Pass-Thru – an OADM function: Forwarding or “Passing” through the OADM, that fraction of channel wavelengths that are not being de-coupled at that intermediate point. The forwarded wavelengths continuing along the fiber-cable towards the next intermediate OADM‘Drop’-point or to the Remote site CWDM end-point.

5. The Optical Insertion Losses through each device are treated as equivalent for all wavelengths for calculation purposes.

6. Insertion Loss can be estimated (calculated) in a “forward” direction i.e. from Origin to Remote End-point or from any OADM user-channel“Add/Drop” point forward to the Remote End-point.

7. Total insertion Loss should also be estimated for the Return-path i.e. from the Remote End-point to the Origin, or from any OADM “Add/Drop” point to the Origin.

8. In some cases, calculation results accumulated in a “forward” direction may be equal to the Return-path calculation results, suggesting asymmetrical relationship. This should not be assumed to be always true. In order to identify critical network power-budget constraints,accumulated device Optical Insertion Losses should be independently calculated for each path direction and for each starting point i.e. “Add-Point” (stage) where an optical signal is inserted into the fiber cable.

9. The results of CWDM device Optical Insertion Loss calculations must be factored into other typical network Optical Budget calculations inorder to get an accurate estimate of the total fiber optic Power Budget available to the network designer.



28



Example 1 of Optical Insertion Loss estimation:• Example of Origin to Remote-Point (link) Loss Calculation

with no intermediate OADM (client Drop, Add or Pass-Thru) stages(or their associated OADM Optical Insertion Losses).

• Calculates accumulated typical and maximum path Losses fromOrigin to Remote end-point.

Calculation Table (C-1)Insertion Loss: Each Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss at Total Loss at end-Mux + De-Mux stage Loss (1st) Loss (1st) Loss (1st) at (1st) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) (2nd) Drop point Demux w/ no(typically at segment Drop point Add point Pass-Thru Drop point Drop point Add point Pass-Thru point Pass-Thru stagesend-points)(MO & DO) (MR & DR) (MO + DR)

1.2 dB 1.2 dB None: None: None: None: None: None: None: None:(Typical Optical Loss) No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM 2.4 dB

2.4 dB 2.4 dB None: None: None: None: None: None: None: None:(Maximum Optical Loss) No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM 4.8 dB

• Given: Origin and Remote site Multiplexer/De-Multiplexers (Mux/De-Mux) and no OADMs in the optical path.

• Origin Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer stage denoted by MO & DO

and Remote Mux & De-Mux stage denoted by MR & DR

The following section presents examples of Optical Insertion Loss estimation with calculations, in tabular form. A simple diagram is included foreach example.

Each diagram displays the logical device-paths used for Optical Insertion Loss calculations through each stage of Canary Multiplexer / De-Multiplexers (four & eight-channels) and OADMs that service one, two and four Client access-channel “Drops & Adds”.

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Example 2 of Optical Insertion Loss estimation:• Example of Origin to Remote (Point-to-Point) (link) Loss

Calculation with one intermediate OADM (client Drop, Add andPass-Thru) stage – assumes one λ per Drop (and associatedOADM Insertion Losses).

• Calculates accumulated typical and maximum path Losses fromOrigin through one OADM stage to Remote end-point.

Calculation Table (C-2)Insertion Loss: Each Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss at Total Loss at end-Mux + De-Mux stage Loss (1st) Loss (1st) Loss (1st) at (1st) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) (2nd) Drop point Demux w/ one(typically at segment Drop point Add point Pass-Thru Drop point Drop point Add point Pass-Thru point Pass-Thru stageend-points)(MO & DO) (MR & DR) (C) (B) (E) (MO + C) (MO + E + DR)

1.2 dB 1.2 dB 1.0 dB 1.0 dB 0.5 dB 2.2 dB None: None: None: None: 2.9 dB(Typical Optical Loss) No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM

2.4 dB 2.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 3.8 dB None: None: None: None: 5.8 dB(Maximum Optical Loss) No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM

• Given: Origin Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer (CR-4MD1-A) losses(MO & DO) and Remote site Mux/De-Mux (CR-4MD1-A)losses (MR & DR) plus one OADM point losses (C, B, E) in theoptical path.

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Example 3 of Optical Insertion Loss estimation:• Example of Origin to Remote (Point-to-Point) (link) Loss

Calculation with two intermediate, OADM (client Drop, Add andPass-Thru) stages – assumes one λ per OADM Drop-point.

• Calculates accumulated typical and maximum path Losses fromOrigin through two OADM stages to Remote end-point.

Calculation Table (C-3)Insertion Loss: Each Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss at Total Loss at end-Mux + De-Mux stage Loss (1st) Loss (1st) Loss (1st) at (1st) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) (2nd) Drop point Demux w/ two(typically at segment Drop point Add point Pass-Thru Drop point Drop point Add point Pass-Thru point Pass-Thru stagesend-points)(MO & DO) (MR & DR) (C) (B) (E) (MO + C) (F) (G) (H) (MO + E + F) (MO + E + H + DR)

1.2 dB 1.2 dB 1.0 dB 1.0 dB 0.5 dB 2.2 dB 1.0 dB 1.0 dB 0.5 dB 2.7 dB 3.4 dB(Typical Optical Loss)

2.4 dB 2.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 3.8 dB 1.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 4.8 dB 6.8 dB(Maximum Optical Loss)

• Given: Origin Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer (CR-4MD1-A) losses(MO & DO) and Remote site Mux/De-Mux (CR-4MD1-A)losses (MR & DR) plus two OADM points & their associated losses(C, B, E) and (F, G, H) in the optical path.

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Example 4 of Optical Insertion Loss estimation:• Example of Return-path (link) Loss calculation between one

intermediate OADM (client Drop, Add and Pass-Thru) stage andthe Origin – assumes one λ per Drop point.

• Calculates typical and maximum Return-path Losses from oneOADM (client Add/Drop-point) to Origin.

Calculation Table (C-4)Insertion Loss: Each Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss at Total Loss at Start-Mux + De-Mux stage Loss (1st) Loss (1st) Loss (1st) at (1st) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) (2nd) Drop point Demux w/ one(typically at segment Drop point Add point Pass-Thru Drop point Drop point Add point Pass-Thru point Add (return) stage &end-points) no Pass-Thru stage(MO & DO) (MR & DR) (C) (B) (E) (MO + C) (B + DO)

1.2 dB 1.2 dB 1.0 dB 1.0 dB 0.5 dB 2.2 dB None: None: None: None: 2.2 dB(Typical Optical Loss) No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM

2.4 dB 2.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 3.8 dB None: None: None: None: 3.8 dB(Maximum Optical Loss) No OADM No OADM No OADM No OADM

• Given: Origin Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer (CR-4MD1-A) losses(MO & DO) plus one OADM point losses (C, B, E) in the opticalpath. The Remote site (Mux/De-Mux) is ignored for thiscalculation.

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Example 5 of Optical Insertion Loss estimation:• Example of Return-path (link) Loss calculation that considers

the Origin and two intermediate, OADM (client Drop, Add andPass-Thru) stages – assumes one λ per Drop point.

• Calculates typical and maximum Return-path Losses from furthest(2nd) OADM (client Add/Drop-point) to Origin.

Calculation Table (C-5)Insertion Loss: Each Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss Insertion Insertion Insertion Acc. Loss at Total Loss at Start-Mux + De-Mux stage Loss (1st) Loss (1st) Loss (1st) at (1st) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) Loss (2nd) (2nd) Drop point Demux w/ one(typically at segment Drop point Add point Pass-Thru Drop point Drop point Add point Pass-Thru point Add (return) stage &end-points) one Pass-Thru stage(MO & DO) (MR & DR) (C) (B) (E) (MO + C) (F) (G) (H) (MO + E + F) (G + E + DO)

1.2 dB 1.2 dB 1.0 dB 1.0 dB 0.5 dB 2.2 dB 1.0 dB 1.0 dB 0.5 dB 2.7 dB 2.7dB(Typical Optical Loss)

2.4 dB 2.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 3.8 dB 1.4 dB 1.4 dB 1.0 dB 4.8 dB 4.8 dB(Maximum Optical Loss)

• Given: Origin Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer (CR-4MD1-A)losses(MO & DO) plus two OADM points & their associated losses(C, B, E) and (F, G, H) in the optical path. The Remote site (Mux/De-Mux) is ignored for this calculation.

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