Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Ch.13 section 1Organ systems and Homeostasis
Our body Each part of the body has a specific
function, or job. The levels of organization in the human
body consists of:› Cells› Tissues› Organs› Organ systems
Cells Cell theory: a cell is the basic unit of
structure and function of a living thing Structure:
› Membrane› Cytoplasm› Nucleus
Functions: cellular respiration, grow, reproduce, excrete waste
Tissues Muscles tissue
› Can contract (shorten) to move the body Nervous tissue
› Directs and controls› Carries electrical messages
Connective tissue› Provides support and connects: › bone and fat
Epithelial tissue› Skin› lining of digestive system
Organs and Organ Systems 11 organ systems:
› Integumentary› Skeletal› Muscular› Circulatory› Respiratory› Digestive› Excretory› Immune› Reproductive› Nervous› Endocrine
Integumentary system Skin, hair, and nails
make up your body’s covering
Create a barrier Regulate your body
temp Remove waste –
perspire Works with nervous
system to give info about your environm.
Skeletal Bones and other
connective tissues Supports the body
and gives it structure
Protects body’s organs
Produce bloods cells Connective tissues
attaches bones together
Muscular Move the body by
pulling on the skeleton
Involuntary muscles work by themselves
Muscles and bones: musculoskeletal system
Cells – fibers – muscle groups
Circulatory Transportation network –
carries food and oxygen Collects waste Transports blood Powered by pumping of
blood: heart Away: arteries To: veins Capillaries: smallest –
connect the arteries and veins- reach every cell
Respiratory Lungs : takes in
oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide
Air moves into the lung then to the capillaries
Oxygen crosses into the blood
Lung expands due to the actions diaphragm.
Digestive Digestion:
breakdown of food into small molecules the body can use
Liver produces bile and pancreas makes enzymes which help break down the food
Water is removed in large intestine
Excretory Body makes excess
water and waste Excretory system
removes these waste products
Kidneys has nephrons which filters blood
Urine flows from kidney to urinary bladder
Immune Protects the body from
disease-causing bacteria and viruses(pathogens)
White blood cells attack and destroy viruses or make antibodies (proteins)
The immune system remembers the past pathogens and destroys them quicker the next time. (immunity)
reproductive Organs that
produce sex cells Sex cells carry DNA
– information Organs can also
produce chemicals that regulate the physical development
Nervous Takes info from envir
and body – processes this info and commands the body to respond
Some times, you control the brain, in other times, the brain decides for you (involuntary)
Brain + spinal cord + nerve cells
Endocrine Helps regulate the
activities of the organs by releasing hormones (chemicals that change the activity in cells)
Collection of glands (tissues that produce and release hormones)
Brain signals how much hormones to produce
Homeostasis (hoh-mee-oh-stay-sis)
Process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment
Warm blooded… 37 °C – even when it’s cold or hot
Sweating… or shivering Stress : reaction of your body to potentially
threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.- body produces adrenaline to carry more oxygen to body cells.