Ch. 17, Section 2The Spanish-America War

YELLOW JOURNALISM-a type of journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching, sensational headlines that sell more newspapers

William Randolph

Hearst

New York Journal

Joseph Pulitzer

New York World

THE STATUS OF THE SPANISH

-had lost most of its territory in the Western Hemisphere by the 1890s

-only controlled Puerto Rico and Cuba

-Civil Unrest in Cuba

CUBANS REVOLT

-1895 large-scale revolt

-Spain puts resistors in imprisonment camps

-newspapers run this story as their headline

-Americans appalled at the treatment of Cubans

Gen. Weyler

Concentration Camp Victims

DE LOME LETTER

-written by Enrique de Lome, Spanish minister to the U.S.

-criticized Pres. McKinley for being weak

-published by the New York Journal

-made Americans resent Spain even more

U.S.S. MAINE EXPLODES

-Feb. 15, 1898- U.S.S. Maine explodes in the Havana Harbor

-investigation claimed a Spanish mine was the cause

-Pres. McKinley demanded Spain grant Cuba its independence

-Spain refuses WAR! (April 25, 1898)

Spanish-American WarApril 1898-August 1898

Cuba

CUBA

-Congress recognizes Cuba’s independence before war

-Teller Amendment

-Strategy: Capture Santiago

-Rough Riders/Buffalo Soldiers

-Battle of San Juan Hill

BATTLE OF SANTIAGO

-U.S. Navy defeats Spanish fleet

-Spanish forces surrenderAlmirante Oquendo

The Philippines

THE PHILIPPINES

-Spain had claimed the Philippines since the 1500s

-large naval presence in the Philippines

-Commodore George Dewey

-Battle in the Manila Bay- 0 American lives lost

-Dewey turns attention to capturing capitol city of Manila

-aided by Emilio Aguinaldo and his rebel army

-Spanish forces surrender on August 14, 1898

THE PHILIPPINES

CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

-Cuba gets independence

-Spain cedes Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S.

-U.S. pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines

-U.S. spent $250 million; 2,000 soldiers die

-America is now an imperialist nation!

ANNEXATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

-Annexation Controversy-a.) Pro-Annexation

-spread democracy-economic value-strategic value

b.) Anti-annexation-violated ideal of self-government (Anti-Imperialist

League)-Oppression overseas (Colored Citizens of Boston)-would bring more new immigrants (Samuel

Gompers)

-Congress votes to annex the Philippines on February 6, 1899

FILIPINOS REACT

-very upset; wanted their freedom

-Emilio Aguinaldo proclaims himself President

-Rebellion begins

-4,000 U.S. Soldiers die; 220,000 Filipinos die

-U.S. grants the Philippines their independence in 1946