Cells:Cell Structure and

Functions

Cell Discovery Robert Hooke

Observed cork cells with a microscope and discovered cell walls

Named the structure “the cell” because it reminded him of the small rooms (cells) in which the monks lived

Components and Functions Cell Membrane: a selectively permeable

membrane that separates the cell from its external environment

Cytoplasm: jelly-like material found inside the cell membrane

Ribosome: organelles where protein are made

Components and Functions Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): membrane

system of folded sacs and tunnels. Can be rough or smooth.

Smooth ER functions primarily as intracellular highway for movement of molecules from one part of the cell to another.

Also storage of synthesized proteins

Components and Functions Golgi Apparatus: processing, packaging

and secreting organelles of the cell Mitochondria: respiration organelle of the

cell. Chemical reaction will release energy (ATP) from the nutrients taken into the cell

Cell Nucleus: contains DNA and chromosomes. The genetic information center of the cell

Components and Functions Nuclear Envelope (Membrane): porous

membrane surrounding the nucleus that allows materials in and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus: cell part that helps make ribosomes

Components and Functions Lysosomes: organelle that contains

digestive enzymes. They digest food particles, disease causing bacteria captured by white blood cells, and worn out and broken parts of cells.

Centrioles: cell part that helps with cell reproduction

Activity Construct a cell using the given materials