Post on 30-Dec-2015
Catalyst – November 10-5, 2009
1. What has the higher 1st ionization energy Calcium or Oxygen?
2. Which has a higher melting point Potassium Iodide or Hydrogen Disulfide?
Today…
We are going to review some things and practice on the whiteboards. Please ask questions where you might be confused!!
Then, we will take a practice quiz to get you in the mood!
Ionization Energy
Ionization Energy is the ENERGY it takes to remove an electron.
There are two types of questions: 1st ionization energy- know the trend!
2nd, 3rd, 4th- does it break into a new shell?
LET’S PRACTICE!
Multiple Ionization Energies
There is a gigantic increase in ionization energy if you break into a full valence shell!
Why???
Ionization Energy
Can you figure out why there is such an increase in the red numbers?
Use your BOHR models!! (10 mins)
Li Be B C IE1 520 900 801
1086IE2 7,298 1757 2427 2353IE3 14,849 3660 4621IE4 25,026 6223IE5 37,830
Practice
*First, draw a Bohr Model for both elements
Which has the highest 2nd ionization energy?
Boron Sodium
Bond Type Chart/Differences in EN Man, I wish there was an easy
way to use electronegativity to figure out what bond type I have between two elements…
OH WAIT! There is! Pull out your book and turn to page 263.
All you do is take the difference of the two elements… That sounds easy! What type of bond is formed
between Oxygen and Sulfur? Find electronegativities,
subtract the higher one from the lower one. Then, look at the chart!
Bond Type Chart
DEN Range Bond Type
0.0 – 0.39 Nonpolar Covalent
0.4 – 0.89 Moderately Polar Covalent
0.9 – 1.69 Very Polar Covalent
1.7 or greater Ionic
Example 2
Determine the type of bond in MgO
1. Find electronegativity of each atom
Mg = 1.3 Paulings, O = 3.4 Paulings
Example 2
Determine the type of bond in O2
1. Find electronegativity of each atomMg = 1.3 Paulings, O = 3.4 Paulings
2. Find Electronegativity Difference (∆EN)DEN = 3.4 – 1.3 = 2.1
3. Look at chart to determine bond type.
Bond Type Chart
DEN Range Bond Type
0.0 – 0.39 Nonpolar Covalent
0.4 – 0.89 Moderately Polar Covalent
0.9 – 1.69 Very Polar Covalent
1.7 or greater Ionic
Kriss Krossing/Straight NamingKriss Krossing will make you get a good grade on this test!
Then, name the compounds.
Using the Polyatomic Sheet!
Find formula:
Potassium Carbonate Calcium Phosphate Ammonium Hydroxide Sodium Sulfate
From the name! Write the formulaNitrogen TrifluorideSilicon MonoxidePhosphorous PentachlorideAntimony Dibromide
1.Non-metals tend to _________ electrons when forming an ionic bond because they have more than 4 valence electrons.
Gain
4. In which direction does ionization energy decrease on the periodic table? Why?
Going down a group/family, because it is easier to steal electrons from higher energy levels
5. Show the formation of the ionic bond between Sodium and ChlorineNa Na+
Cl Cl- + 1e-+1e-
Na+ + Cl- NaCl
6. What element will have the highest 3rd Ionization energy? Why?
a. Carbonb. Aluminumc. Fluorined. Magnesium
Mg, because its 3rd electron is in a full (happy) shell.
8. What element will have the lowest 3rd Ionization energy? Why?
a. Carbonb. Aluminumc. Fluorined. Magnesium
Aluminum, because it wants to get rid of its 3rd electron so it can have a full outer shell
11. Which element will have the lowest 1st Ionization energy? Why?
a. Magnesiumb. Carbonc. Fluorine d. Potassium
Potassium, because it wants to get rid of its 1st electron so it can have a full outer shell
17. What is the chemical formula for the following compound? Aluminum bromide
Ionic, so kriss kross
AlBr3
18. What is the chemical formula for the following compound? Lead (IV) Hydroxide
Ionic, so kriss kross
Pb(OH)4
20. Draw the lewis dot structure for the following compound: HCP What kind of bond is between C and P?