Catalyst – November 10-5, 2009

1. What has the higher 1st ionization energy Calcium or Oxygen?

2. Which has a higher melting point Potassium Iodide or Hydrogen Disulfide?

Today’s Agenda

CatalystGoing over some things/Whiteboard Practice

Practice QuizExit Question

Today’s Objectives

SWBAT get ready to DOMINATE the Unit 4 Test!

Today…

We are going to review some things and practice on the whiteboards. Please ask questions where you might be confused!!

Then, we will take a practice quiz to get you in the mood!

Ionization Energy

Ionization Energy is the ENERGY it takes to remove an electron.

There are two types of questions: 1st ionization energy- know the trend!

2nd, 3rd, 4th- does it break into a new shell?

LET’S PRACTICE!

First Ionization Energy!

Multiple Ionization Energies

There is a gigantic increase in ionization energy if you break into a full valence shell!

Why???

Ionization Energy

Can you figure out why there is such an increase in the red numbers?

Use your BOHR models!! (10 mins)

Li Be B C IE1 520 900 801

1086IE2 7,298 1757 2427 2353IE3 14,849 3660 4621IE4 25,026 6223IE5 37,830

Practice

*First, draw a Bohr Model for both elements

Which has the highest 2nd ionization energy?

Boron Sodium

Practice

Which has the highest 3rd ionization energy?

Calcium Nitrogen

Practice

Which has the highest 1st ionization energy?

Selenium Polonium

Bond Type Chart/Differences in EN Man, I wish there was an easy

way to use electronegativity to figure out what bond type I have between two elements…

OH WAIT! There is! Pull out your book and turn to page 263.

All you do is take the difference of the two elements… That sounds easy! What type of bond is formed

between Oxygen and Sulfur? Find electronegativities,

subtract the higher one from the lower one. Then, look at the chart!

Bond Type Chart

DEN Range Bond Type

0.0 – 0.39 Nonpolar Covalent

0.4 – 0.89 Moderately Polar Covalent

0.9 – 1.69 Very Polar Covalent

1.7 or greater Ionic

Example 2

Determine the type of bond in MgO

Electronegativity Chart

Example 2

Determine the type of bond in MgO

1. Find electronegativity of each atom

Mg = 1.3 Paulings, O = 3.4 Paulings

Example 2

Determine the type of bond in O2

1. Find electronegativity of each atomMg = 1.3 Paulings, O = 3.4 Paulings

2. Find Electronegativity Difference (∆EN)DEN = 3.4 – 1.3 = 2.1

3. Look at chart to determine bond type.

Bond Type Chart

DEN Range Bond Type

0.0 – 0.39 Nonpolar Covalent

0.4 – 0.89 Moderately Polar Covalent

0.9 – 1.69 Very Polar Covalent

1.7 or greater Ionic

Your Turn!

NaFF2

CH4

AlN

Lewis Structure/Bond Formation

HFP2

SiO2

CO

Your Turn!

H2SHCNSe2

SiOH2

Kriss Krossing/Straight NamingKriss Krossing will make you get a good grade on this test!

Then, name the compounds.

Kris Kross Method!

Ca3As

2

Ca2+As3-

Which charge ALWAYS comes first?POSITIVE!!!

Which type of element ALWAYS comes first?METAL!!!

K F Ba N Ga O Ca Cl K Si Co I

Using the Polyatomic Sheet!

Find formula:

Potassium Carbonate Calcium Phosphate Ammonium Hydroxide Sodium Sulfate

Covalent Naming

PH3

CON2O3

From the name! Write the formulaNitrogen TrifluorideSilicon MonoxidePhosphorous PentachlorideAntimony Dibromide

Put everything away except a piece of paper and a pencil/pen

1.Non-metals tend to _________ electrons when forming an ionic bond because they have more than 4 valence electrons.

Gain

2. Which of the following is NOT a covalent compound?

a. CH4

b. COc. NaFd. H2O NaF

3. What is the stable ion for Cesium?

Cs1+

4. In which direction does ionization energy decrease on the periodic table? Why?

Going down a group/family, because it is easier to steal electrons from higher energy levels

5. Show the formation of the ionic bond between Sodium and ChlorineNa Na+

Cl Cl- + 1e-+1e-

Na+ + Cl- NaCl

6. What element will have the highest 3rd Ionization energy? Why?

a. Carbonb. Aluminumc. Fluorined. Magnesium

Mg, because its 3rd electron is in a full (happy) shell.

7. What is the stable ion for Arsenic?

As3-

8. What element will have the lowest 3rd Ionization energy? Why?

a. Carbonb. Aluminumc. Fluorined. Magnesium

Aluminum, because it wants to get rid of its 3rd electron so it can have a full outer shell

What is the correct Lewis Dot structure for Xenon?

Xe

What kind of bonds do noble gases make?

None, they already have a full outer shell

9. What is the correct Lewis Dot Structure for Phosphorus?

P

10. Show the formation of the ionic bond between Aluminum and OxygenAl Al3+

O O2-

+ 3e-+ 2e-

11. Which element will have the lowest 1st Ionization energy? Why?

a. Magnesiumb. Carbonc. Fluorine d. Potassium

Potassium, because it wants to get rid of its 1st electron so it can have a full outer shell

12. Show the formation of the ionic bond between Magnesium and Fluorine

Mg Mg2+

F F-

+ 2e-+ 1e-

13. Name the following compound: Mg3N2

Ionic: Magnesium Nitride

14. Name the following compound: H3(PO4)

Ionic: Hydrogen Phosphate

15. Name the following compound: N3P5

Covalent: Trinitrogen pentaphosphate

16. What is the chemical formula for the following compound? Dinitrogen pentachlorideN2Cl5

17. What is the chemical formula for the following compound? Aluminum bromide

Ionic, so kriss kross

AlBr3

18. What is the chemical formula for the following compound? Lead (IV) Hydroxide

Ionic, so kriss kross

Pb(OH)4

19. Draw the lewis dot structure for the following compound:

C3H8

20. Draw the lewis dot structure for the following compound: HCP What kind of bond is between C and P?

21. Draw the lewis dot structure for the following compound:

HNO

22. Draw the lewis dot structure for the following compound:

HCN

Exit Question

How do you plan to make sure you DOMINATE the Unit 4 Test?