Carbohydrates

Mini LectureAP Biology/Radjewski

PDQ 1-2

Carbohydrates• Source of stored energy (spaghetti dinners)• Transport stored energy within complex

organisms (food glucose travels through bloodstream)

• Structural molecules that give many organisms their shapes (chitin forms exosksletons)

• Recognition or signaling molecules that can trigger specific biological responses (control gene expression in plants)

nn OHC )( 2

Monosaccharides PDQ 3-4

• simple sugars

• Pentoses are 5-carbon sugars

• Hexoses (C6H12O6) include glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose.

Mono Di PDQ 5

• Monosaccharides are covalently bonded by condensation reactions that form glycosidic linkages.

• Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Common Disaccharides

Polysaccharides PDQ 6• large polymers of monosaccharides; the chains

can be branching.• Starches—a family of polysaccharides of glucose;

main energy storage molecule in plants• Glycogen—highly branched polymer of glucose;

main energy storage molecule in mammals• Cellulose—the most abundant carbon-containing

(organic) biological compound on Earth; stable; good structural material

• Chitin - the component in exoskeletons, contains nitrogen

PDQ 7Cellulose

PDQ 7Starch

PDQ 7Glycogen

Build a carbohydrate

• Build a polysaccharide• Attach waters• Label the glycosidic linkages