Post on 25-Feb-2018
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REPBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACIN SUPERIOR
INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGIA
RUFINO BLANCO FOMBONALOS TEQUES EDO. BOLIVARIANO DE MIRANDA
ESTUDIO DEL IMPACTO DE LAS MERMAS EN EL COSTO DE
PRODUCCIN DEL AGUA MINERAL DE 600 ML EN LA
EMBOTELLADORA MINALBA SAN PEDRO DE LOS ALTOS ESTADO
BOLIVARIANO DE MIRANDA
Realiza!"!#$
Mi%&el Ri'()'
Ra*'ie# C)#!+a
P#!,e-!#a$Be-aiaC!#e#!
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CAP/TULO I
EL PROBLEMA
Pla'ea0ie'! Del P#!+le0a
Pa#a la- !#%a'iza(i!'e- e' la a(&alia1 e- e 2ial i0"!#a'(ia
el 0a'e3! * (!'#!l ae(&a! e l!- -&0i'i-#!-1 (!' 0e#(a!-
i'e#'a(i!'ale- 4&e e-5' -&3e!- a (!'-a'e- (a0+i!-1 4&e 6a(e
(aa 2ez 05- (!0"le3! el e-a##!ll! e la- a(i2iae- e(!')0i(a-
"a#a la- i-i'a- !#%a'iza(i!'e-1 la- (&ale- -e 2e' -e#ia0e'e
a,e(aa- e' -&- "#!(e-!- e "#!&((i)' * (!0e#(ializa(i)'1 "!# la
%e'e#a(i)' e la- 0e#0a- "#!&(! e -&- i-i'a- a(i2iae-1
"a#a el "!#al 7e+ 8i9i"eia -e (!'-ie#a$
U'a 0e#0a e- &'a ":#ia ! #e&((i)' e &' (ie#!';0e#! e 0e#(a'(
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la %#a' 'e(e-ia e !"i0iza# la &iliza(i)' e e-!- #e(-!-1 l!-
(!'-&0!- e 0ae#ia- "#i0a-1 0ae#iale- e e'2a-e * e0"a4&e
-!' l!- 4&e i0"a(a' e' 0a*!# "#!"!#(i)' el (!-! e ,a+#i(a(i)'1
La 0e#0a i0"lDi-"!'i+le$ 6"$??eJ'i(i!'.e?(!-!?izz,EeKNUP @(!'-&la! 3&li! .
E- "!# e-! 4&e la- !#%a'iza(i!'e- 6a' e+i! ,!(aliza# -&-
(a"a(iae- * 6a+iliae- al 0a'e3a# (!##e(a0e'e -&- #e(-!- *
a-e%a#1 0a'e'e#1 %a#a'iza# el e4&ili+#i! eJ(ie'e e l!- (!-!-
e "#!&((i)' "a#a -ai-,a(e# -&- 'e(e-iae- * la- e -&- (lie'e-.
Ca+e -eHala# 4&e la S&"e#i'e'e'(ia Na(i!'al e C!-!- *
P#e(i!- @S&'e(!"1 e-a+le(e la i0"le0e'a(i)' e "#e(i!- 3&-!- a
#a2:- e 0e(a'i-0!- 4&e "e#0ia' -i'(e#a# l!- (!-!- * %a-!-. L!
4&e 6a(e 05- 'e(e-a#i! -eHala# (&ale- -!' l!- (!-!- ai(i!'ale-
e' la "#!&((i)' "a#a e-a+le(e# (!-!- 05- "#e(i-!-1 * "!e#
(&0"li# (!' la- '!#0ai2a- e-a+le(ia-.
A6!#a +ie'1 !0a'! e' (&e'a l!- (!-!- ai(i!'ale- %e'e#a!-
"!# la- 0e#0a-1 0&(6a- !#%a'iza(i!'e- 6a' !"a! "!# la
&iliza(i)' e 0ae#iale- #e!#'a+le-1 !0a'! e' (&e'a1 4&e -&
&iliza(i)' a*&a (!' la (!'-e#2a(i)' el 0ei! a0+ie'e1 * 4&e
"a#a la- !#%a'iza(i!'e- -& &iliza(i)' #e"#e-e'a &'a #e&((i)' e
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(!-!- (!'-ie#a+le-1 e' J'1 ei-e &'a %#a' 2a#iea e #az!'e-
4&e (!'lle2a a -& i0"le0e'a(i)'1 "e#! "a#a ell! e- 'e(e-a#i! &'a
L!%
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A&'4&e la- "!l
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Dee#0i'a# (&5le- -!' la- 0e#0a- (!' 0a*!# i'=&e'(ia e' l!-
(!-!- ai(i!'ale- el "#!&(!.
Ie'iJ(a# (&5le- -!' 0ae#iale- &iliza!- e' el e'2a-a! e
a%&a 0i'e#al 4&e %e'e#a' 0a*!# (a'ia e 0e#0a.
E-a+le(e# (&a'! -e 2e a,e(a! el (!-! %e'e#al e "#!&((i)'
"!# l!- (!-!- ai(i!'ale- %e'e#a!- "!# la- 0e#0a-.
&-iJ(a(i)'E-a i'2e-i%a(i)' "e#0ie !+-e#2a# * 0ei# la- e+iliae- 4&e
"!-ee le e0"#e-a 0i'al+a -a' "e#!1 "!# '! (!'a# (!' &' -i-e0a
eJ(ie'e e (!'#!l e 0e#0a 4&e "e#0ia "#!"!#(i!'a#
i',!#0a(i)' !"!#&'a * -&J(ie'e "a#a &'a 0e3!# !0a e
e(i-i!'e-. %e'e#a# i',!#0a(i)' "a#a a*&a# e' la "la'ea(i)'1
e2al&a(i)' * (!'#!l e la- !"e#a(i!'e- e la e0"#e-a.
A(&al0e'e La- 0e#0a- -!' &' ,a(!# 4&e a,e(a' la-
(a"a(iae- e i'2e#-i)' "a#a 4&e la- !#%a'iza(i!'e- -i%a'
#ealiza'! -&- !"e#a(i!'e-1 e-"e(
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e0"#e-a- 4&e e"l!e' e-a #a0a 1"a#a e-a##!lla# 0!el!- e
(!'#!l * "la'iJ(a(i)' 1-!+#e la- (&ale- -e "!#5' a!"a#
e-#ae%ia- %e#e'(iale- !#ie'aa- al l!%#! e la eJ(ie'(ia1
(!0"eii2ia * -ai-,a((i)' el (lie'e1 e e-a 0a'e#a "!e#(!'#i+&i# e' la 0e3!#a e l!- 'i2ele- e (alia 4&e "e#0ia' a la-
!#%a'iza(i!'e- "!-i(i!'a#-e 0e3!# e' el 0e#(a!
La -i%&ie'e i'2e-i%a(i)' ie'e -&0a i0"!#a'(ia "!#4&e
"e#0ii#5 la !+e'(i)' e &'a -e#ie e a!- 4&e 6a#5' &' a"!#e
-i%'iJ(ai2!- e (!'!(i0ie'!- e' la #a0a e e'2a-a! * "!#5'
-e# &iliza!- "!# i'e#e-a!- e i'2e-i%a!#e-1 a0+i:' -e#2i#5
(!0! "&'! e "a#ia1 "a#a e-a##!lla# '&e2a- i'2e-i%a(i!'e- e'
e-a 5#ea. P!# !#! la!1 e- &' "a#)' "a#a l!- e-&ia'e- e
(!'a
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(&al4&ie# -i-e0a e(!')0i(! la %a'a'(ia * la #e'a+ilia -!'
e-e'(iale- * la- 0e#0a- (!'-i&*e' &' ,a(!# e(!')0i(!
ee#0i'a'e "a#a la !+e'(i)' e l!- #e-&la!- e-ea!-
De-e el "&'! e 2i-a 0e!!l)%i(!1 e-e -e e'(&e'#a
!#ie'a! a la a"!#a(i)' e (!'!(i0ie'!-1 a #a2:- -i-e0a- e
(&a'iJ(a(i)'1 e #e(!le((i)' e a!- * #ea((i)'1 a"!*aa "!#
&'a -e#ie e "#!(ei0ie'!- !#ie'a!- "a#a ie'iJ(a# * a-i%'a#
(!-!- %e'e#a!- "!# la- 0e#0a- e' el -i-e0a e "#!&((i)'
I%&al0e'e "#!"!#(i!'a# &' a2a'(e i0"!#a'e "a#a l!- e-&ia'e-
e (!'a
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"#i'(i"ale- (!'(e"!- el e0a1 "e#0iie'! 4&e -ea' a+!#a!- e
&'a 0a'e#a (la#a * eJ(ie'e
De a(&e#! (!' UPEL (2005)1 el (!'e'i! el 0a#(!
e)#i(! -e +a-a e' -i&a# el "#!+le0a e' e-&i! e'#! e &'
(!'3&'! e (!'!(i0ie'!- -)li!- * (!'Ja+le- 4&e "e#0ia'
!#ie'a# la +;-4&ea * !,#ez(a' &'a (!'(e"&aliza(i)' ae(&aa e
l!- :#0i'!- 4&e -e 2a' a &iliza#. El 0a#(! e)#i(! "e#0ie i'e%#a#
la e)#i(a (!' la i'2e-i%a(i)' * e-a+le(e# -&- i'e##ela(i!'e-.
Re"#e-e'a &' -i-e0a (!!#i'a! (!6e#e'e1 e (!'(e"!- *
"#!")-i!- "a#a a+!#a# el "#!+le0a.
Antecedentes de la Investigacin
C!' la J'alia e #e(!"ila# i',!#0a(i)' -!+#e el e0a
"la'ea!1 -e 6a #ealiza! &'a e6a&-i2a #e2i-i)' e la-
i'2e-i%a(i!'e- 05- i0"!#a'e- e-e el "&'! e 2i-a e -&
a(&alia * 2al!# e)#i(! el e0a1 4&e '!- "e#0ii#5 (#ea# (#ie#i!-
"a#a &+i(a#1 e'3&i(ia# e i'e#"#ea# la i'2e-i%a(i)' 4&e -e "la'ea.
Se%;' Taa!" ! Taa!" @ -&%ie#e 4&e$ E' l!-a'e(ee'e- -e #aa e 6a(e# &'a -
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I'2e-i%a(i)' M!'!%#5J(! "a#a la O+e'(i)' el T
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Ca-#! * Le!'e @1 "#e-e'a#!' &' T#a+a3! E-"e(ial e
G#a! a'e la U'i2e#-ia Na(i!'al E"e#i0e'al e G&a*a'a1 (!'
el J' e !"a# al
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Tel,-"n"+
La "la'a Sa' Pe#! e Pe"-iWC!la Ve'ez&ela C.A.1 -e e'(&e'#a&+i(aa e' el 0&'i(i"i! Sa' Pe#! e l!- al!-1 E-a! Mi#a'a1 &'
"i'!#e-(! "!+la! 4&e e-1 e-e l!- ie0"!- e la (!l!'ia1 "&e+l!
e "a-! e "!-aa- e'#e el Valle e A#a%&a1 !'e -e e'2a-a *
i-#i+&*e' -&- "#!&(!- Pe"-iWC!la * A%&a Mi'e#al Mi'al+a.
Misin
Sai-,a(e# la- 'e(e-iae- e (!'-&0i!#e-1 (lie'e-1
(!0"aH
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El ,a#0a(:&i(! e-a!&'ie'-e Cale+ B#a6a0 (#ea e' la
:(aa e la +e+ia (a#+!'aaa B#aX- D#i'9. T#a- -& %#a'
a&%e1 e' e- #e+a&izaa (!0! Pe"-iWC!la1 a'! a-< !#i%e' a
la 6!* 0&'ial0e'e (!'!(ia 0a#(a. Pe"-i (!0ie'za a(!0e#(ializa#-e e' Ve'ez&ela e' -e"ie0+#e e . L!%#a
"!-i(i!'a#-e (!0! l
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T#a- la (!0"#a e la e0+!ella!#a e Sa' Pe#! e L!- Al!- *
!!- -&- 0a'a'iale-1 -e i'(!#"!#a el a%&a 0i'e#al Mi'al+a al
"!#a,!li! el 'e%!(i!.
Fndaentacin te#ica
Pa#a ,a(ilia# el e-&i! -!+#e -!+#e al%&'!- e',!4&e- e)#i(!-
ei-e'e- 4&e -e "#e-e'a' (!0! "&'!- e #e,e#e'(ia "a#a "!e#
e"li(a#1 e-(#i+i# * e'e'e# l!- a-"e(!- #elai2!- al "#!+le0a 4&e
-e "la'ea.
Se%;' Ande#1Egg Eeiel @1 e' el 0a#(! e)#i(! !
#e,e#e'(ial -e e"#e-a' la- "#!"!-i(i!'e- e)#i(a- %e'e#ale-1 la-
e!#
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0!'ea#ia-1 e la- #a'-a((i!'e- 4&e #ealiza &'a
e'ia e(!')0i(a * e (ie#!- e2e'!- e(!')0i(!-
ie'iJ(a+le- 4&e la a,e(a'1 (!' el !+3e! e ,a(ilia#
a l!- i2e#-!- i'e#e-a!- el !0a# e(i-i!'e- e'#ela(i)' (!' i(6a e'ia e(!')0i(a. @"". .
La C!'a+ilia e- &'a 6e##a0ie'a (la2e (!' la 4&e (!'a0!-
6!* e'
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-i-e0a e (!-!- (!'-a e !- ea"a-1 4&e
#e"#e-e'a la a(&0&la(i)' * la a-i%'a(i)' @"5%..
El (!-! #e"#e-e'a &' (!'3&'! e (a#%a-. El (!-! e
,a+#i(a(i)' e-5 #e,e#i! a la (a'ia e i'e#!"!# la a4&i-i(i)'
e 0ae#iale-1 #a+a3! * e05- ,a(!#e- 4&e -e #e4&ie#e' "a#a
-& "#!&((i)'.
C!0e#(ializa(i)'
P!# (!0e#(ializa(i)' -e #eJe#e al (!'3&'! e a(i2iae-
e-a##!llaa- (!' el !+3ei2! e ,a(ilia# la 2e'a e &'aee#0i'aa 0e#(a'(
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U' ,&'a0e'!1 e- el a#%&0e'! 4&e -e &iliza "a#a -&-e'a#
e' e-e (a-! !!- l!- a-"e(!- le%ale- e &'a i'2e-i%a(i)'. E-5
(!'-i&ia "!# el (!'3&'! e !(&0e'!- e 'aaleza le%al 4&e
-i#2e' e e-i0!'i! #e,e#e'(ial * e -!"!#e a la i'2e-i%a(i)'1 -ei'(l&*e' !a- la- #e,e#e'(ia- le%ale- 4&e -!"!#a' el e0a !
"#!+le0a e i'2e-i%a(i)'. Pa#a ell!1 -e "&ee' (!'-&la# la
(!'-i&(i)' 'a(i!'al1 la- le*e- !#%5'i(a-1 la- %a(ea-
%&+e#'a0e'ale-1 e'#e !#!- i-"!-ii2!- a"#!"ia!-.
C"nstitcin de la Re7*lica 3"liva#iana de .eneela
A#t8cl" 992+!a- la- "e#-!'a- "&ee' ei(a#-e li+#e0e'e
a la a(i2ia e(!')0i(a e -& "#e,e#e'(ia1 -i' 05- li0ia(i!'e-
4&e la- "#e2i-a- e' e-a (!'-i&(i)' * la- 4&e e-a+lez(a' la-
le*e-1 "!# #az!'e- e e-a##!ll! 6&0a'!1 -e%ia1 -a'ia1
"#!e((i)' el a0+ie'e & !#a- e i'e#:- -!(ial. El e-a!
"#!0!2e#5 la i'i(iai2a "#i2aa1 %a#a'iza'! la (#ea(i)' * 3&-ai-#i+&(i)' e la #i4&eza1 a-< (!0! la "#!&((i)' e +ie'e- *
-e#2i(i!- 4&e -ai-,a%a' la- 'e(e-iae- e la "!+la(i)'1 la li+e#a
el #a+a3!1 e0"#e-a1 (!0e#(i!1 i'&-#ia1 -i' "e#3&i(i! e -&
,a(&la "a#a i(a# 0eia- "a#a "la'iJ(a#1 #a(i!'aliza# * #e%&la# la
e(!'!0
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Cdig" de C"e#ci" de .eneela
A#t8cl" 09+el ()i%! e (!0e#(i! #i%e la- !+li%a(i!'e- e l!-
(!0e#(ia'e- e' -&- !"e#a(i!'e- 0e#(a'ile- * l!- a(!- e
(!0e#(i!1 a&'4&e -ea' e3e(&a!- "!# '! (!0e#(ia'e-.
A#t8cl" 90$ -!' (!0e#(ia'e- l!- 4&e e'ie'! (a"a(ia "a#a
(!'#aa# 6a(e' el (!0e#(i! -& "#!,e-i)' 6a+i&al1 * la--!(ieae- 0e#(a'ile-.
Le! de C"st"s ! P#eci"s st"s
A#t8cl" 2+ Q&ea' -&3e!- a la a"li(a(i)' e la "#e-e'e Le*1
la- "e#-!'a- 'aale- * 3
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* (!'-&0! e-a##!llaa- * a"li(aa- e' el Te##i!#i! e la Re";+li(a
B!li2a#ia'a e Ve'ez&ela.
. La J3a(i)' e l!- 05#%e'e- 05i0!- e l!- (5'!'e- e
a##e'a0ie'! e l!- l!(ale- (!0e#(iale-.
. La ee#0i'a(i)' e la- %a'a'(ia- 05i0a- e l!- -&3e!-
!+3e! e la a"li(a(i)' e e-a Le*.
. La- e05- 4&e le -ea' a#i+&ia- "!# la SUNDDE * la
"#e-e'e le*.
CAPITULO III
MARCO METO'OL:;ICO
El Ma#(! Me!!l)%i(! (!'-i&*e la e-(#i"(i)' ! la ,!#0a
(!0! -e ,&e e-a##!llaa la i'2e-i%a(i)' e' e-e -e'i! 4a*in" C1
@1 -eHala 4&e$
E' e-e (a"
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0a#iz e l!- a!-$ a6!#a l! 4&e -i%&e e- e,e(&a# el a'5li-i-
(&a'iai2!1 -i l!- a!- #e(!le(a!- ,&e#!' (&aliai2!-1 el a'5li-i-
e' (!'-e(&e'(ia1 e- (&aliai2!1 "!# l! 4&e "&ee e'e# al%;'
a'5li-i- (&a'iai2! @e' "a#i(&la#1 (!'e! e ,#e(&e'(ia- ea"a#i(i)' e (ae%!#
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'aal1 i(e el a&!# 4&e a e-a i'2e-i%a(i)' a0+i:' -e le lla0a
i'2e-i%a(i)' -!+#e el e##e'!. E- i0"!#a'e e' la- (ie'(ia-
-!(iale- #ealiza# e-e i"! e i'2e-i%a(i)' *a 4&e1 -ie'! -& !+3e!
'aal e e-&i! el 6!0+#e * -&- a((i!'e-1 e- "e#,e(a0e'e"e#i'e'e a+!(a#-e a e-&ia# e-!- ,e')0e'!- e' la #ealia
0i-0a !'e -e "#!&(e' @"1 W.
L!- a&!#e-1 (!'-ie#a#!' ele%i# el i-eH! e (a0"! "&e- e- el
4&e 05- -e a3&-a a -& #a+a3! e i'2e-i%a(i)'1 l!- a!- ,&e#!'
#e(a+a!- i#e(a0e'e e' la e0"#e-a Mi'al+a Sa' Pe#!.
Ti" de Investigacin
El i"! e i'2e-i%a(i)' -e #eJe#e a la (la-e e e-&i! 4&e 2a a
#ealiza#-e. O#ie'a -!+#e la J'alia %e'e#al el 0i-0! * -!+#e la
0a'e#a (!0! -e 2a' a #e(!%e# la- i',!#0a(i!'e- ! a!-
'e(e-a#i!-.
El -i%&ie'e e-&i! -e e'0a#(! (!0! &'a i'2e-i%a(i)' e i"!
e-(#i"i2!1 "!#4&e -e e-&ia el (!0"!#a0ie'! a(&al e l!-
(!-!- e "#!&((i)' a"li(a! "!# la e0"#e-a Mi'al+a Sa' Pe#!.
E' e-e !#e' e iea- A#ias@1 e"#e-a 4&e l!- e-&i!-
e-(#i"i2!- 0ie' e ,!#0a i'e"e'ie'e la- 2a#ia+le-1 * a&'
(&a'! '! -e ,!#0&le' 6i")e-i-. La- "#i0e#a- a"a#e(e#5'
e'&'(iaa- e' l!- !+3ei2!- e i'2e-i%a(i)' @"1 . Tal e- el (a-!
el "#e-e'e e-&i! !'e la- a&!#a- e2al&a#!' l!- "#!(e-!-
(!'a+le- e la e0"#e-a !+3e! e e-&i!1 "a#a l! (&al -e e+e'
e-(#i+i# -i&a(i!'e- * 6e(6!- #ele2a'e-.
Se e'0a#(! (!0! &'a i'2e-i%a(i)' e 'i2el e-(#i"i2!1 "&e-
-e "#!(ei) a la e-(#i"(i)' el i0"a(! e la- 0e#0a- e' el (!-!
e "#!&((i)'"a#a ie'iJ(a# la- e+iliae- el 0i-0!.
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P"*lacin ! Mest#a
P"*lacin
La "!+la(i)' e- el (!'3&'! e i'i2i&!- -!+#e l!- (&ale-1 -e
"#e-e'a#a' la- (!'(l&-i!'e-.
E' e-e -e'i! A#ias1 @ -eHala 4&e$
Se e'ie'e "!# "!+la(i)' :l (!'3&'! J'i! ! i'J'i! e
ele0e'!- (!' (a#a(e#
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Mest#a
La 0&e-#a e- el -&+(!'3&'! e i'i2i&!- 4&e -e !0) e la
"!+la(i)'1 "a#a e-&ia# &' ,e')0e'!.
Al #e-"e(! 4a*in"@ eJ'e a$
[ &'a 0&e-#a e' &' -e'i! 0&* a0"li!1 '! e- 05- 4&e e-!
&'a "a#e e !! l! 4&e lla0a &'i2e#-! * 4&e -i#2e "a#a
#e"#e-e'a#l!. Si' e0+a#%!1 '! !a- la- 0&e-#a- #e-&la' ;ile-
"a#a lle2a# a (a+! &' #a+a3! e i'2e-i%a(i)'. L! 4&e +&-(a al
e0"lea# &'a 0&e-#a1 -e !+e'%a (!'(l&-i!'e- -e0e3a'e- a la-
4&e -e l!%#a#
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[ 4&e '! ei-e' '!#0a- J3a-1 'i 0ei!- ;'i(!-. L! 4&e -
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i'2e-i%a# "!# 0:!!- e !+-e#2a(i)'1 a'5li-i- e ,&e'e-
!(&0e'ale- * e05- -i-e0a- e (!'!(i0ie'! @"1 .
A-i0i-0!1 A#ias @. C!'-ie#a 4&e$ E- &'a :('i(a 4&e
"#ee'e !+e'e# i',!#0a(i)' 4&e -&0i'i-#a &' %#&"! ! 0&e-#a
e -&3e!- a(e#(a e -< 0i-0!-1 ! e' #ela(i)' (!' &' e0a e'
"a#i(&la# @"1 .
Inst#ent"
El (&e-i!'a#i! e- &'a -e#ie e "#e%&'a- e-(#ia- & !#ale-1
#a(i!'ale- !#e'aa- e ,!#0a (!6e#e'e1 4&e -e e"#e-a' (!' &'
le'%&a3e -e'(ill! (!0"#e'-i+le1 !'e el e'(&e-a! e+e
#e-"!'e# "!# e-(#i!.
E' e-e -e'i! A#ias@1 e- la ,!#0a e-(#ia 0eia'e
&' ,!#0a! e' "a"el (!'e'i2! e &'a -e#ie- e "#e%&'a- @"1 .
E-e ,&e el i'-#&0e'! -ele((i!'a! "a#a !+e'e# la i',!#0a(i)'
#e4&e#ia "a#a la i'2e-i%a(i)' "&e- e ,!#0a -e'(illa "!#5'
e-a+le(e#-e l!-
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E' el (a-! e la "#e-e'e i'2e-i%a(i)' l!- a&!#e- e-(!%ie#!'
&iliza# "a#a 2alia# el i'-#&0e'! e #e(!le((i)' e a!-1 el
0:!! +a-a! e' el &i(i! e e"e#!-.
E' e-e -e'i! .eli @. C!'-ie#a 4&e$
[e' la 0a*!#