Try to finish up by the time we start… Grab a book. Look at pages 30 and 31 Define the words listed for 1 and 2 Add caesaropapism to your list to define

The Byzantine Empire and Russia

Byzantium and Russia

330-1613

Constantinople Originally Byzantion/Byzantium, market

town on Bosporous Strait Constantine named it Constantinople and

made it the capital of the E. Roman Empire City kept its name from 340 CE – 1453 CE

Crossroads – access to Anatolia, SW Asia, SE Europe, etc.

The Byzantine Court Caesaropapism – emperor rules not only as

a secular lord, but also plays prominent role in ecclesiastical (church) affairs

Heavily jeweled crowns, silk robes of dark, rich purple (the color reserved for imperial use)

Justinian (527-565 CE) “the sleepless emperor” Theodora Construction project remade the city

Hagia Sophia – one of world’s greatest examples of Christian architecture

Gold, silver, gems, precious stones, and healing pwrs

Justinian Code Systematic review and improvement of Roman

law Body of the Civil Law

Autocrat

Hagia Sophia

So cool… When Muslims tried to invade Byzantium, the Byzantines

use “Greek fire” – (basically ancient napalm) – against the fleets and ground forces

Greek fire even burns as it floats on water – very hazardous to wooden ships

Mix of quicklime, petroleum, and sulfur

Byzantine empire loses some landholdings, but still maintains Anatolia, Greece, and Balkans

“Theme” system – imperial province (theme) under jurisdiction of a general Military defense and civil

administration Quick mobilization Byzantine empire expands

as each theme’s military can gradually spread outward

Basil the Bulgar Slayer – blinded 14,000

The blind leading the blind….ha ha….

Iconoclasm

Icons – particularly popular in Byzantine churches People prayed to images of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints Pope Leo believed veneration of religious images was sinful Also disagree over

Sacrament of communion Whether priests should be allowed to marry Use of local languages in church

1054 – Great Schism

The Great Schism - 1054 Violent battles within the

empire West – pope

excommunicated emperor Pope wants emperor to

recognize the Roman Catholic Church as the head and mother or the churches

Great Schism – 1054 Eastern Orthodox –

Byzantine Greek and later

Russian Roman Catholic Church

Rome, Europe, etc.

Trade Crossroads for Eurasia Commercial links between manufacturers and merchants between

central Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, northern Europe, and lands of the Black Sea and Mediterranean basin

Bezant – Byzantine gold coin Very wealthy from control of trade and levying of custom duties

China India Persia Western Europe Russia and Scandinavia – timber, furs, honey, amber, and slaves

Banks, business partnerships, loans for business ventures Pool resources and limit risks

Effects of the Crusades During 4th Crusade

Constantinople is attacked Plundered and burned Ruled for 50 years Empire never quite

recovers, Venetian merchants gain upperhand

Istanbul v. Constantinople 1453 – Ottoman forces

take over Ancient Christian city is

overturned Istanbul becomes capital

of Ottoman Empire Hagia Sophia is turned

into a mosque and turets are added

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv-KcF3Rkv8&feature=related

Arts Mosaics Icons Greek, Roman, Persian, and other Middle

Eastern styles blend together

10.2 The Rise of Russia HUGE Borders both Europe and China, touches the

Baltic Sea and the Pacific Ocean Is Russia part of Europe or Asia? Northern forests – poor soil, cold, snowy climate South – band of fertile land, attracted farmers

(modern day Ukraine) Southern steppe – open, treeless grassland,

nomadic people, herds and horses Dnieper and Volga River – major trade routes

Kiev Slavs expand into southern Russia Varangians (Russian word for Vikings) – trade

with Slavs, Kiev becomes a midpoint between Scandinavia and Constantinople

Cyril and Methodius Missionaries from Constantinople, adapt Greek alphabet

to Slavic language – develops Cyrillic (still used in Ukraine and Russia)

Byzantine Christianity Onion domes from Byzantium

Yaroslav the Wise 1019 – 1054 Improved code of

law Arranged marriages

between his kids and the royal families of Western Europe

Mongol Conquest A young leader

united the nomadic Mongols of central Asia

Overrun lands from China to Eastern Europe – dubs himself “Genghis Khan” – “world emperor”

The Golden Horde 1236-1241 – Batu, Genghiz’s grandson leads

Mongol armies into Russia “Golden Horde” because of the color of their tents Loot and burn Kiev and many other Russian

towns “no eye remained to weep for the dead” Rule from a capital on the Volga for the next 240

years ***This is Russia’s dormant/stagnant period***

240 Years of Mongol Rule Women become especially subservient to their

husbands. (Husbands can even sell their wives into slavery to pay family debts)

Absolute power Mongols have will serve as an inspiration for Russian rulers later on

Mongols severed Russian ties to Western Europe at a time when Europeans were making rapid advances in the arts and sciences

Moscow Steadily becomes a

political and spiritual center Princes in Moscow

slowly gain pwr against Mongols

Became the capital of the Russian Orthodox Church

Ivan the Great Ivan III – 1462-1505 Brought much of N. Russia under his rule Built the framework for absolute rule Worked to limit the boyars powers

Boyars – Russian, land-owning nobles Adopted the rituals of the fallen empire’s traditions to

emphasize Russia’s role as the heir to Byzantine power Double-headed eagle symbol

Titles himself Czar (Russian for caesar) “the czar is in nature like all men, but in authority he

is like the highest God”

Ivan the IV Grandson of Ivan III Further centralized royal

power (more for him) Limited the privileges of the

old boyar families Granted land to nobles in

exchange for military or other service

Introduced more laws to tie serfs to the land

How Ivan the IV earns his title Ivan the Terrible

Becomes unstable Trusts no one – became subject to violent fits of

rage Killed his own son Organized the ophrichniki – agents of terror who

enforced the czar’s rule Slaughter rebellious nobles Sacked towns where disloyalty was

suspected Dog’s head and a broom

Leaves a land of seething with rebellion – but! He introduces Russia to a tradition of extreme absolute power and oppression