Post on 03-Apr-2018
THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (NDP) II AND PROGRAMME-BASED
BUDGETING:
THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (NDP) II AND PROGRAMME-BASED
BUDGETING:
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
BUDGETING FOR
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Taking a life-cycle approach, this report argues that early childhood
development (ECD) represents a fundamental component of human capital development (HCD) and is a pre-condition for a healthy and
skilled labour force.
THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (NDP) II AND PROGRAMME-BASED
BUDGETING:
BUDGETING FOR
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Government’s imminent programme-based budgeting (PBB) reform
represents a bold effort to improve expenditure efficiency and effectiveness
by systematically linking funding to outcomes, service delivery and results.
The PBB framework for early childhood development (ECD) centres on
the provision of basic services for children from prenatal to eight years
of age.
The research and drafting of the report was led by Soonita Kistamah, in
close collaboration with the National Planning Authority (NPA), the Ministry
of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED), the Ministry
of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MoGLSD), the National Council
for Children (NCC), and UNICEF, under the visionary leadership of
John Ssekamatte, Joseph Enyimu, James Kaboggoza, Martin Kiiza and
Diego Angemi.
The ECD budgeting framework was formulated and validated through a
highly-consultative process with a wide range of stakeholders committed
to the effective delivery of integrated ECD services in Uganda.
Frances Ellery provided editorial inputs, and Mark Turgesen designed
the report.
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CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS v
FOREWORD vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
vii
1
1.1 The National Development Plan II
1.2 Human capital development as a driver of economic
development and socio-economic transformation
2
4
1.3 The role of early childhood development (ECD) 9
2. PLANNING AND BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD
DEVELOPMENT
12
2.1 Early Childhood Development (ECD)/Programme Based
Budgeting (PBB) CORE PROGRAMME AREAS (CPAs)
15
3. THE WAY FOREWORD
APPENDIX 1: Goverment Investment in ECD
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
28
32
36
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iv
Figure 1 Programme-based budgeting framework for ECD 11
Figure 2 Human capital development value chain 16
Figure 3 HCD life cycle supports growth pillars 18
Figure 4 Differing trajectories of brain and behavioural
development
22
Figure 5 HCD - life-cycle analysis 23
Figure 6 Programme-based budgeting framework for ECD 25
Figure 7 Programme areas of Government investment
in ECD
44
FIGURES
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ABBREVIATIONS
CCD Care for child development
CPA Core programme area
ECD Early childhood development
GoU Government of Uganda
HCD Human capital development
LCA Life cycle approach
MDA Ministry, department, agency
MoESTS Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sports
MoGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development
MoH Ministry of Health
MWE Ministry of Water and Environment
NCC National Council for Children
NDP National Development Plan
PBB Programme-based budgeting
VCF Value chain framework
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FOREWORD
In identifying human capital development (HCD) as a key area of
focus to support Government’s objective to achieve Vision 2040, the
National Development Plan (NDP) II clearly articulates the importance
of streamlining early childhood development (ECD) into policy planning,
programming and budgeting. To this end, Government’s paradigm shift
to programme-based budgeting (PBB) represents an unprecedented
opportunity to embed key strategic investments identified in the NDP II
into the national budget architecture.
The early years in a child’s life are a critically important period where
profound and long-lasting development occurs. These years are
particularly important for poor and vulnerable children, including children
with disability, whose access to high-quality ECD services stands as an
important precondition for the realisation of their full potential.
Uganda’s vision to become a middle-income country by 2040 remains
highly contingent on the Government’s ability to safeguard its children’s
right to contribute to national development. We congratulate our
colleagues, UNICEF, and everyone who contributed to the development
of this PBB framework for the effective delivery of integrated ECD
services in Uganda.
Joseph Muvawala
Executive Director,
NPA
Pius Bigirimana
Permanent Secretary,
MoGLSD
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Developing human capital - together with increasing production and
improving infrastructure and services - has been identified in Uganda’s
National Development Plan II (NDP II) as fundamental to the socio-
economic transformation the country needs in order to achieve Vision
2040. If Uganda is to compete in a global economy and attract inward
investment, Government efforts need to focus on cultivating a healthy,
educated and skilled workforce in those industries most critical to the
nation’s economy.
Taking a life-cycle approach, this report argues that early childhood
development (ECD) represents a fundamental component of human
capital development (HCD) and is a pre-condition for a healthy and skilled
labour force. ECD can improve children’s health, nutrition, protection, early
learning and education, and enable families and communities to support
their development and learning. Since the brain grows to 90% of its adult
weight by age five, and since 40% of Uganda’s population is below five
years of age, investing in ECD provides a unique opportunity to improve
the cognitive, physical, social and emotional development of the country’s
future workforce. ECD is particularly important for the 55% of Ugandan
children living in poverty.
The National Development Plan II clearly articulates the importance of
streamlining ECD into policy planning, programming and budgeting,
and the Government’s imminent programme-based budgeting (PBB)
reform presents a unique opportunity to integrate ECD into the budget
architecture. The National Planning Authority - in close collaboration
with the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, the National
Council for Children, the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic
Development, and UNICEF Uganda - therefore embarked on an extensive
and highly-consultative process to build consensus in the design of a PBB
framework for ECD. This framework clearly identifies four core programme
areas (CPAs), (i) Maternal, child health and development; (ii) Early learning
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
viii
and care; (iii) Child protection; and (iv) Family strengthening and community
support. Collectively, the four CPAs aim to provide a holistic and multi-
dimensional ECD package founded upon improved health, nutrition,
sanitation, hygiene, early stimulation, education, protection, poverty
alleviation, and family and community support.
The effective implementation of PBB will require the appointment of CPA
managers, and the provision of adequate human, physical and financial
resources to facilitate the effective coordination of each CPA - including
various overarching programme activities, such as identifying suitable
baselines and targets for the monitoring framework, carrying out regular
monitoring activities, and policy advocacy.
Current Government investment in ECD displays a heavy bias towards
health care, while children’s rights to protection and early learning and
care remain marginalised - as does investment in family strengthening
and community support. An important aspect of developing an ECD
budgeting framework for PBB is to help visualise the depth and breadth
of public investments needed to support the effective implementation of
integrated national ECD policies and programmes.
The four CPAs presented in this report favour the holistic and
comprehensive development of young children with sub-programmes
carefully calibrated to reduce both maternal and child morbidity and
mortality, scale up nutrition efforts, entrench child protection, and
promote greater and more effective early stimulation and education
programmes rooted in family and community support. This budgeting
framework is expected to go a long way in supporting the effective
implementation of the national integrated ECD policy framework.
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FIGURE 1: PROGRAMME-BASED BUDGETING FRAMEWORK FOR ECD
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
1
1. INTRODUCTION
In identifying human capital development (HCD) as a key area of focus
to support Government’s objective to achieve Vision 2040, the NDP II
clearly articulates the importance of streamlining early childhood develop-
ment (ECD) into policy planning, programming and budgeting. In view
of the above, and in the interest of integrating national planning and
budgeting processes, the National Planning Authority - in close colla-
boration with the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development,
the National Council for Children, the Ministry of Finance, Planning and
Economic Development, and UNICEF Uganda - embarked on an extensive
and highly-consultative process to build consensus in the design of a
programme-based budgeting (PBB) framework for ECD. This process
aimed to guide the identification of strategic areas of investment in HCD,
with a clear focus on the design of a budgeting framework for ECD
consistent with Government’s envisaged PBB architecture.
Additional objectives of this endeavor included (i) raising national aware-
ness about the issues affecting young children and the importance of early
interventions; (ii) consolidating, articulating and prioritising programmes
and activities related to ECD for the maximum benefit of all children,
particularly those in rural areas and in difficult circumstances; and (iii)
clarifying stakeholder roles and responsibilities in the delivery of effective
ECD services for children and families via the effective implementation of
the national integrated ECD framework.
This report is structured in two main parts. The first part (chapter 1)
introduces the National Development Plan (NDP II), and gradually
singles out the role of human capital development (HCD) as a key area
of investment and, in turn, early childhood development (ECD) as a key
component of HCD. Part two (chapters 2 and 3) presents Government’s
imminent programme-based budgeting (PBB) reform as a bold effort
to improve expenditure efficiency and effectiveness, and outlines the
proposed PBB framework for ECD poised to promote greater social and
financial accountability over budget execution.
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1.1 The National Development Plan II
(NDP II)
Vision 2040 aims to catapult Uganda from a peasant to a modern and
prosperous economy. Within this strategic framework, the NDP II identifies
enhancing HCD as one of the fundamental pillars poised to drive Uganda’s
socio-economic development and structural transformation. In addition
to HCD, the NDP II key areas of focus include (i) increasing sustainable
production, productivity and value addition in key growth opportunities;
(ii) increasing the stock and quality of strategic infrastructure to acceler-
ate the country’s competitiveness; and (iii) strengthening mechanisms for
high-quality, effective and efficient service. The role that human capital
plays in the growth and development process cannot be overemphasised.
This link has been assessed theoretically from different perspectives.
Lucas’ (1988) work posits the view that accumulation of human capital
contributes to the growth process directly by augmenting labour in the
production process. It considers the process of human capital accumula-
tion as a choice that individuals make with regard to work versus the ac-
cumulation of skills.
Nelson and Phelps (1966) link human capital to growth indirectly through
technological adoption. Educational attainment, according to this view,
helps in narrowing the income gap across countries by facilitating and
hastening the process of technological diffusion. Romer (1990) on his part
links growth and human capital through the process of innovation and
the creation of new technologies via research and development. Growth,
in this case, increases as more human capital is employed in research. In
addition, the public sector economics theory categorises some of the
main pillars of human capital as public goods with positive externalities.
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The theoretical predictions are reinforced by empirical evidence that
shows a positive association between human capital and rapid growth
outcomes. Empirical studies in developing countries show a positive
relationship between human capital development (HCD) and important
growth factors, such as large-scale production, foreign direct investment,
and a more efficient and productive exploitation of other resources. In
fact, several publications, including World Bank (1993), Page (1994),
Tilak (2002), and Fontana and Srivastava (2011) single out human
capital as one of the most important inputs in the Asian development
miracle. Recent studies from the African continent, such as Oluwatobi
and Ogunrinola (2011), show similar findings - that whereas increased
recurrent government expenditure was positively correlated with Nigeria’s
economic growth, the quality of education was regarded to be far more
important than simply the quantity.
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Geography: Uganda
Governance: Growth Pillar Industries
Input Output
EducationServices
HealthServices
Mining TourismSocioeconomicTransformation
Human Capital Development
Agriculture
Growth Drivers NDP Objective
Infrastructure
Supporting Institutions
1.2 Human capital development as a driver
of economic development and
socio-economic transformation
Government efforts to develop human capital at all stages of the life cycle
should shape the skill sets of, and add value to, individuals according to the
requirements of those industries most critical to the nation’s economy. With
this notion in mind, Figure 2 shows a simple value chain model placing HCD
at the heart of the national development objectives as embedded in the
NDP II. From left to right, the chain begins with, and depends on, HCD in
the form of health and education services. For any subsequent segments
of the chain to be successful, Government must promote policies that
cultivate a healthy, educated and skilled workforce. This critical input allows
domestic growth-driving industries - agriculture, mining and tourism - to
compete in a global economy, and compete for valuable foreign direct
investment to expand domestic production.
FIGURE 2: HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT VALUE CHAIN
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The process of HCD spans across different stages of the life cycle. A
pragmatic tool for the analysis of HCD within the value chain framework
(VCF) is the life-cycle approach (LCA). This tool facilitates the identi-
fication of the particular stages in the HCD value chain based on age
groups and population characteristics. This can subsequently be used to
identify strategic objectives and issues for the different stages, as well as
the corresponding intervention areas. The required intervention areas at
each stage of the life cycle are important in their own right, but are also
intricately linked to one another. It is therefore necessary to be aware of
the game changing interventions at the different stages in good time.
This approach facilitates implementation of the required interventions in
a timely fashion.
Incorporating the LCA and VCF together can provide a roadmap for
optimising health and education service delivery that will facilitate
economic growth in the three growth pillars, and reduce public spending
over the long term. As Figure 3 illustrates, early childhood development
(ECD) represents a fundamental component of HCD. Health services begin
with perinatal care (antenatal maternal care from a gestational period of
28 weeks that continues through to one week after birth), continue with
immunisations and acute care, and complete, in this version of the life
cycle, during adolescence with sex education and HIV/AIDS awareness.
The last segment loops back to the beginning, creating a cycle, as it
equips adolescents with the knowledge and understanding they will
need as adults to become responsible parents and raise healthy families.
Because healthy bodies create healthy minds, the entire health services
component supports the education services component.
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0 - 5
5 - 12
13 - 18
18+
Antenatal - 0
Maternal health & nutrition servicesGirl immunisation (e.g. HPV)MidwivesEmergency obstetric carePost-natal careInfrastructure
Maternal educationParental educationNutrition education
ImmunisationsBreastfeedingNutritionSanitationVitamins supplementsMedicinesEarly childhood development
Acute disease managementFamily planningHIV/AIDS awareness
Acute disease managementFamily planningHIV/AIDS awareness
Family planningHIV/AIDS awarenessNon-communicable diseases (NCDs)MalariaTB
Early stimulationEarly childhood educationEarly childhood developmentSocialisation
Numeracy & literacy skillsCompleting primary schoolEnabling environmentSchool managementAge-specific life skillChild labor
Talent identificationEducation optionsEnabling environmentScience & math skillsVocational optionsLife skills
InternshipsBTVET educationEmployable skills
Agriculture
Mining
Tourism
EducationServices
HealthServices
GrowthPillars
LifeCycle
FIGURE 3: HCD LIFE CYCLE SUPPORTS GROWTH PILLARS
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The education services component follows the same life cycle and,
because so much of perinatal care is education-based, the first segment
of education services begins in the same manner as health services.
Children in the zero to five years age group are provided with access
to early childhood education through home-based and community-
based services and parents are equipped with the capacity to provide
positive child care practices. Children aged five to 12 begin with primary
education and are eventually given the option to begin vocational
training. Adolescents aged 13 to 17 continue into secondary education,
have greater access to a wider array of vocational training, and are
eventually equipped to enter college, should they choose. Adults, 18
and older, have sufficient internships and business, technical, vocational
educational training (BTVET) to provide them with the necessary skills
to be competitive candidates in the workforce. While all segments in the
education component build upon one another, the foundation years stand
as a defining moment of child development. There are linkages back to
health and education services, as each of these sectors requires educated
and skilled citizens to fill the roles of doctor, nurse, teacher and principal.
Similarly, there are also linkages to the three growth pillars outlined in the
NDP II, as each of these industries requires its own unique set of skilled
labour to be successful and remain competitive.
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1.3 The role of early childhood
development (ECD)
The human capital development life-cycle analysis outlined in the previous
section singles out ECD and early foundations as a precondition in sup-
port of a healthy and skilled labour force necessary for socio-economic
development and structural transformation. ECD can be defined as “a
comprehensive approach to policies and programs for children from birth
to eight years of age, their parents and caregivers, aimed at protecting
the child’s rights to develop his or her full cognitive, emotional, social
and physical potential” (UNESCO, 2006). High-quality ECD services will
ensure that all Uganda’s children - from conception to eight years of age
- have the chance to survive and grow and develop to their full potential.
This can be achieved through a holistic approach that improves children’s
health, nutrition, protection, early learning and education, and addresses
the diverse needs of families and communities so that they can support
children’s development and learning.
On the basis that the brain grows to 90% of its adult weight by age five,
ECD provides a unique opportunity to invest in cognitive, physical, social
and emotional development, thereby setting strong foundations for the
safe and healthy development and learning of young children (Figure 4).
Moreover, with approximately 40% of the Ugandan population below five
years of age, and with 55% of 0-4-year-olds living in poverty (MoGLSD/
UNICEF Uganda, 2014), poor children stand to gain more from ECD
intervention programmes and services. Global evidence shows that ECD
promotes an equity-based approach and that interventions in the early
years have the potential to offset the negative trends and poverty cycle in
which poor children are trapped. For all children equally, ECD contributes
towards strengthening the foundations for future development and
learning, contributing towards building a healthy, educated and skilled
population.
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Building on the earlier discussion, Figure 5 outlines the different stages
constituting the early childhood years, noticeably characterised by rapid
growth and development with each stage of development building on the
previous stage. Throughout this whole period, the different domains of
development - i.e. physical, cognitive, social and emotional - are interwoven.
The success of one domain will depend on the effectiveness of the other.
Therefore, a comprehensive set of goals and activities - which addresses
maternal and child health, protection, nutrition, family and community
support, positive early learning and stimulation experiences, and social
protection - needs to be supported and guided.
Optimum
Recovery
Below potential
Optimum
Below potential
Pre-natal Birth Early childhoodAge
Adolescence Adulthood
Risk factors>protective factors
Protective>risk factors Reduction in risk factors, increase in protectivefactors, or intervention during a sensitive period
Bra
in fu
nct
ion
Beh
avio
ura
l co
mp
eten
ce t
raje
cto
ries
FIGURE 4: DIFFERING TRAJECTORIES OF BRAIN AND BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT
Source: Grantham-McGregor et al. (2007)
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Under the leadership of the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social
Development (MoGLSD), the Government of Uganda has pursued an
all-encompassing approach towards integrated ECD by developing a
comprehensive policy framework that lays out concrete commitments
and guidelines for young children’s survival and holistic development.
Birth-3
3 - 5
6 - 8
Antenatal
Family planning servicesAntenatal careMaternal healthMaternal nutritionReproduction health & sex education
Post-natal careBreast feedingImmunisationNutritionSanitation & hygieneECD
ProtectionNutritionSanitation & hygieneECD
Sanitation & hygieneControl & treatment of common & early childhood disease
Education on preconceptionplanning & careEducation on pregnancypreparedness, safe birthing &child caring / developmentpractices
Early stimulationEarly childhood developmentincluding cognitive, social,emotional and physicaldevelopment
Early literacy & numeracy skillsFunctional skillsLanguage developmentValue-based education
Formal education preparednessLiteracy & numeracy skillsAge-specific life skills
Social protectionservices to address
the needs of the poor and
vulnerablechildren and their
families
EducationServices
HealthServices
SocialProtection
Services
LifeCycle
FIGURE 5: HCD - LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS
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2. PLANNING AND BUDGETING FOR
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Government’s imminent programme-based budgeting (PBB) reform
represents a bold effort to improve expenditure efficiency and effective-
ness by systematically linking funding to outcomes, service delivery and
results. Embedded in Government’s commitment to enhance the delivery
of public services, this reform and the formulation of a programme-based
budgeting framework for ECD further embodies a paradigm shift to promote
greater social and financial accountability over budget execution.
In line with the national integrated ECD framework, the PBB framework
for ECD centres on the provision of basic services for children from pre-
natal to eight years of age. These services include health care, nutrition,
protection, and early stimulation and learning, as well as adequate and
appropriate support to families and communities to prioritise children’s
development. This approach aims to cover all developmental priorities
for each of the different sub-stages along the life cycle discussed above
within the continuum of care model.
Figure 6 provides a schematic representation of Government’s proposed
PBB/ECD design. This framework clearly identifies four core programme
areas (CPAs), namely (i) Maternal, child health and development; (ii) Early
learning and care; (iii) Child protection; and (iv) Family strengthening
and community support. Each CPA represents the coherent grouping of
related services. Collectively, the four CPAs aim to provide a holistic and
multidimensional ECD package founded upon improved health, nutrition,
sanitation, hygiene, early stimulation, education, protection, poverty
alleviation, and family and community support.
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FIG
UR
E 6
: P
RO
GR
AM
ME
-BA
SE
D B
UD
GE
TIN
G F
RA
ME
WO
RK
FO
R E
CD
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
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14
Section 2.1 presents each CPA as a clearly defined set of
services that deliver one or more of the core functions
contained in the mandates of public institutions, i.e. Vote
Functions. Sub-programmes represent distinct groupings
of services and activities that fall within the framework
of individual CPAs and are identified separately within
each CPA.
The four CPAs have been developed in line with the PBB
approach. In the proposed PBB budgeting framework for
ECD, each of the four CPAs embraces an overall programme
outcome. In addition, each sub-programme is associated with
a strategic objective and a clearly defined set of ‘required
services’ and ‘responsible MDAs’ (i.e. ministries, departments
and agencies). The framework also provides a comprehensive
monitoring framework with programme and sub-programme-
level indicators, with baselines and targets identified in line
with the targets set by each respective MDA.
N.B. The effective implementation of PBB requires the appoint-
ment of CPA managers, and the provision of adequate human,
physical and financial resources to facilitate the effective
coordination of each CPA - including various overarching
programme activities, such as identifying suitable baselines
and targets for the monitoring framework, carrying out
regular monitoring activities, and policy advocacy.
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
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CPA1: Maternal, child health and development1. Maternal health
2. Child health
3. Water supply, sanitation and hygiene
4. Environmental protection
CPA 2: Early learning and care1. Childcare and stimulation (0-3 years)
2. Early learning (3-6 years)
3. High-quality ECD and early primary education
CPA 3: Child protection1. Protection of children from all forms of abuse, including violence
2. Child protection system strengthening
CPA 4: Family strengthening and community support1. Family values and parenting skills
2. Social and economic strengthening of families and communities
3. Community mobilisation
2.1 Early Childhood Development
(ECD)/Programme Based Budgeting (PBB)
CORE PROGRAMME AREAS (CPAs)
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Pro
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•
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rtal
ity
rate
(per
1,0
00
live
bir
ths)
54
(20
11
)3
0
Un
der
-5 m
ort
alit
y ra
te (p
er 1
,00
0 li
ve b
irth
s)9
0
(20
11
)5
6
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
1.1
Mat
ern
al h
ealt
h
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o e
nsu
re
that
wo
men
, esp
ecia
lly p
regn
ant
wo
men
, ar
e in
form
ed a
bo
ut
and
hav
e ac
cess
to
sex
ual
an
d
rep
rod
uct
ive
hea
lth
car
e an
d fa
mily
pla
nn
ing.
T
he
sub
-pro
gram
me
also
aim
s to
sca
le u
p
the
cove
rage
of a
nte
nat
al a
nd
po
stn
atal
car
e se
rvic
es, e
spec
ially
in r
ura
l an
d u
nd
erse
rved
ar
eas
thro
ugh
acc
eler
ated
imp
lem
enta
tio
n
of t
he
Rep
rod
uct
ive,
Mat
ern
al, N
ewb
orn
an
d
Ch
ild H
ealt
h (R
MN
CH
) Pla
n.
1.1
.1 O
ut-
pat
ien
t h
ealt
h c
are
(Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
)
1.1
.1.1
Sex
ual
an
d
rep
rod
uct
ive
hea
lth
- t
arge
tin
g yo
un
g p
eop
le
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f tee
n-
age
pre
gnan
cy a
nd
m
oth
erh
oo
d
24
%
(20
11
)
15
%
CPA
1: M
ater
nal,
child
hea
lth a
nd d
evel
opm
ent
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
17
1.1
.1.2
Fam
ily
pla
nn
ing
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f fam
ily
pla
nn
ing
serv
ice
u
tilis
atio
n
30
%
(20
11
)
35
%
1.1
.1.3
An
ten
atal
ca
reP
rop
ort
ion
of
wo
men
att
end
ing
4
ante
nat
al c
are
visi
ts
39
%
(20
11
)
45
%
1.1
.1.4
Po
stn
atal
ca
reP
rop
ort
ion
of
wom
en r
ecei
ving
p
ost
nat
al c
are
wit
hin
48
ho
urs
33
%
(20
12
)
70
%
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f new
-b
orn
bab
ies
re
ceiv
ing
post
nata
l ca
re w
ith
in 4
8
ho
urs
11
%
(20
12
)
70
%
1.1
.1.5
Ski
lled
o
bst
etri
c an
d n
ew-
bo
rn c
are
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f bir
ths
atte
nd
ed b
y sk
illed
h
ealt
h p
erso
nn
el
58
%
(20
12
)
70
%
1.1
.1.6
Ed
uca
tio
n o
n
nu
trit
ion
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f d
istr
icts
imp
lem
ent-
ing
the
13
hig
h-
imp
act
nu
trit
ion
in
terv
enti
on
s
20
%
(20
12
)
50
%
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
18
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
1.2
Ch
ild h
ealt
h
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o p
rom
ote
ch
ild h
ealt
h o
utc
om
es b
y en
cou
ragi
ng
bir
th
regi
stra
tio
n a
nd
imm
un
isat
ion
, as
wel
l as
earl
y sc
reen
ing
for
con
dit
ion
s th
at m
ay a
ffec
t ch
ild
dev
elo
pm
ent.
1.2
.1 O
ut-
pat
ien
t h
ealt
h c
are
(Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
)
1.2
.1.1
Imm
un
isa-
tio
n s
ervi
ces
to a
ll ch
ildre
n b
y ye
ar 1
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
ged
12
-23
m
on
ths
fully
im
mu
nis
ed
52
%
(20
14
)
80
%
1.2
.1.2
Co
ntr
ol
and
tre
atm
ent
of
com
mo
n a
nd
ear
ly
child
ho
od
dis
ease
s
Pre
vale
nce
of
mal
aria
in u
nd
er-5
s4
5%
(20
09
)
25
%
Per
cen
tage
of
child
ren
wit
h
dia
rrh
oea
tre
ated
2%
(20
09
)
30
%
1.2
.1.3
Pro
mo
tio
n
of a
pp
rop
riat
e ch
ild
nu
trit
ion
pra
ctic
es
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
ged
6-2
3
mo
nth
s re
ceiv
ing
m
inim
um
acc
ept-
able
die
t
5.7
%
(20
11
)
40
%
Pre
vale
nce
of s
tun
t-in
g in
un
der
-5s
38
%
(20
06
)
32
%
1.2
.1.4
Pro
mot
ion
of
excl
usi
ve b
reas
t-fe
edin
g u
p t
o 6
m
on
ths
% o
f ch
ildre
n
excl
usi
vely
bre
ast-
fed
up
to
6 m
on
ths
63
%
(20
11
)
80
%
1.2
.2 L
awfu
l id
enti
-fi
cati
on
/ r
egis
tra-
tio
n (N
atio
nal
Id
enti
fica
tio
n a
nd
R
egis
trat
ion
A
uth
ori
ty -
NIR
A)
1.2
.2.1
Bir
th
regi
stra
tio
n a
nd
is
suan
ce o
f bir
th
cert
ifica
tes
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f u
nd
er-5
s w
ho
se
bir
ths
are
re
gist
ered
30
%
(20
11
)
90
%
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
19
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f u
nd
er-5
s w
ho
hav
e b
irth
cer
tifi
cate
s
17
%
(20
11
)
80
%
1.3
Wat
er s
up
ply
, san
itat
ion
an
d h
ygie
ne
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o p
rom
ote
im
pro
ved
san
itat
ion
an
d h
ygie
ne
pra
ctic
es.
Sani
tati
on a
nd h
ygie
ne r
equi
res
avai
lab
le a
nd
acce
ssib
le s
afe
dri
nki
ng
wat
er. A
dd
itio
nal
ob
ject
ives
of t
he s
ub-p
rogr
amm
e in
clud
e th
e p
rom
oti
on
of r
egu
lar
wat
er m
on
ito
rin
g an
d
regu
lati
on
for
the
pro
visi
on
of a
deq
uat
e an
d
safe
wat
er s
up
ply
for
do
mes
tic
pu
rpo
ses
and
h
um
an c
on
sum
pti
on
.
1.3
.1a
Ru
ral w
ater
su
pp
ly (L
oca
l go
vern
men
ts)
1.3
.1b
Urb
an w
ater
su
pp
ly (N
atio
nal
W
ater
an
d
Sew
erag
e
Co
rpo
rati
on
- N
WSC
)
1.3
.1.1
Saf
e w
ater
so
urc
es t
o
com
mu
nit
ies
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f p
eop
le li
vin
g in
ru
ral
area
s w
ith
acc
ess
to
an im
pro
ved
wat
er
sou
rce
wit
hin
1km
64
%
(20
11
)
79
%
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f p
eop
le li
vin
g in
u
rban
are
as w
ith
ac
cess
to
an
im
pro
ved
wat
er
sou
rce
wit
hin
0.2
km
72
.8%
(20
11
)
10
0%
1.3
.2 W
ater
an
d
envi
ron
men
t se
cto
r re
gula
tio
n (M
WE
)
1.3
.2.1
Reg
ula
r
mo
nit
ori
ng
of w
ater
q
ual
ity
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f d
istr
icts
imp
lem
ent-
ing
wat
er q
ual
ity
surv
eilla
nce
an
d
pro
mo
tin
g sa
fe
wat
er c
on
sum
pti
on
30
%
(20
09
)
50
%
1.3
.3a
Env
iro
nm
en-
tal h
ealt
h a
nd
saf
ety
(Nat
inal
Env
iro
n-
men
t M
anag
emen
t
Au
tho
rity
- N
EM
A)
1.3
.3b
Pu
blic
hea
lth
an
d s
afet
y (L
oca
l go
vern
men
ts)
1.3
.3c
Safe
sew
age
d
isp
osa
l (N
WSC
)
1.3
.3.1
Pro
per
w
aste
co
llect
ion
an
d d
isp
osa
l
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f h
ou
seh
old
s w
ith
ef
fect
ive
was
te
colle
ctio
n a
nd
d
isp
osa
l
N/A
N/A
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
20
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
1.4
Env
iro
nm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o p
rom
ote
th
e im
plem
en-t
atio
n of
app
ropr
iate
pol
icie
s,
guid
elin
es a
nd le
gisl
atio
n to
pro
tect
the
envi
ron-
m
ent
fro
m p
ollu
tio
n a
nd
deg
rad
atio
n. T
hrou
gh
the
pro
mo
tio
n o
f su
stai
nab
le d
evel
op
men
t,
one
of th
e ke
y ob
ject
ives
of t
his
sub-
prog
ram
me
rest
s in
min
imis
ing
envi
ron
men
tal c
on
dit
ion
s th
at n
egat
ivel
y af
fect
ch
ild a
nd
mat
ern
al
hea
lth
.
1.4
.1 P
ub
lic h
ealt
h
(Mo
H)
1.4
.1.1
Co
ntr
ol o
f ve
cto
rsP
rop
ort
ion
of
inci
den
ce o
f wat
er-
bo
rne
dis
ease
s am
on
g u
nd
er-5
s
68
%
(20
05
)
30
%
1.4
.2 W
ater
res
ourc
e m
anag
emen
t (M
WE
)
1.4
.2.1
Env
iro
nm
en-
tal c
om
plia
nce
an
d
enfo
rcem
ent
of t
he
law
, reg
ula
tio
ns
and
st
and
ard
s
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f no
n-
com
plia
nt
case
s le
gally
en
forc
ed
N/A
N/A
1.4
.3a
Hea
lth
pu
blic
ed
uca
tio
n (M
oH
)
1.4
.3b
Pre
-pri
mar
y an
d p
rim
ary
edu
ca-
tio
n (M
oE
STS)
1.4
.3c
Pu
blic
hea
lth
an
d s
afet
y (L
oca
l go
vern
men
ts)
1.4
.3.1
Pro
mo
tio
n
of s
anit
atio
n a
nd
hy
gien
e at
all
leve
ls
% o
f ho
use
ho
lds
livin
g in
ru
ral a
reas
w
ith
acc
ess
to
imp
rove
d s
anit
atio
n
15
.3%
(20
11
)
79
%
% o
f ho
use
ho
lds
livin
g in
urb
an a
reas
w
ith
acc
ess
to
imp
rove
d s
anit
atio
n
20
.9%
(20
11
)
79
%
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
21
Pro
gram
me
ob
ject
ive:
Pro
vid
e eq
uit
able
acc
ess
to h
igh
-qu
alit
y an
d c
hild
-fri
end
ly in
tegr
ated
ear
ly c
hild
ho
od
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
ed
uca
tio
n p
rogr
amm
es
and
ser
vice
s to
all
child
ren
age
d 0
-8 y
ears
, su
pp
ort
ed b
y tr
ain
ed c
areg
iver
s an
d t
each
ers.
Pro
gram
me
ou
tco
me:
Ch
ildre
n 0
-8 y
ears
ach
ieve
ap
pro
pri
ate
dev
elo
pm
enta
l mile
sto
nes
.
PR
OG
RA
MM
E O
UTC
OM
E IN
DIC
ATO
RS
Bas
elin
eTa
rget
Pre
-pri
mar
y n
et e
nro
lmen
t ra
te9
.7%
(20
11
)5
0%
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n m
eeti
ng
thei
r ag
e an
d s
tage
dev
elo
pm
enta
l mile
sto
nes
N/A
N/A
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n p
rofi
cien
t in
nu
mer
acy
and
lite
racy
by
grad
e le
vel
N/A
N/A
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
2.1
Ch
ild c
are
and
sti
mu
lati
on
(0-3
yea
rs)
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o e
nsu
re
that
all
child
ren
age
d 0
-3 y
ears
are
exp
ose
d t
o
earl
y st
imu
lati
on
by
pro
mo
tin
g ca
pac
ity
bu
ild-
ing
of c
areg
iver
s, c
om
mu
nit
y m
emb
ers
and
o
ther
pro
fess
ion
als
for
the
pro
visi
on
of h
om
e-b
ased
an
d c
om
mu
nit
y-b
ased
inte
grat
ed E
CD
p
rogr
amm
es. A
n a
dd
itio
nal
obj
ecti
ve o
f thi
s su
b-pr
ogra
mm
e is
to
off
er fo
rmal
tra
inin
g to
pr
ofes
sion
als
wor
king
in k
ind
erga
rten
s an
d
nu
rser
ies.
2.1
.1 P
re-p
rim
ary
and
pri
mar
y
edu
cati
on
(Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
)
2.1
.1.1
Ch
ild
frie
nd
ly d
ay c
are
cen
tres
(0-3
yea
rs)
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
ged
0
-3 y
ears
acc
ess-
ing
hig
h-q
ual
ity
inte
grat
ed E
CD
p
rogr
amm
es
N/A
15
%
2.1
.1.2
Ho
me
and
co
mm
un
ity-
bas
ed
inte
grat
ed E
CD
se
rvic
es t
hat
ad
her
e to
est
ablis
hed
norm
s an
d s
tan
dar
ds
Nu
mb
er o
f co
mm
u-
nit
y in
tegr
ated
EC
D
cen
tres
reg
iste
red
16
.7%
(20
10
)
25
%
Nu
mb
er o
f ho
me-
bas
ed in
tegr
ated
E
CD
pro
gram
mes
o
ffer
ed
1.3
%
(20
10
)
N/A
CPA
2: E
arly
lear
ning
and
car
e
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
22
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
2.1
.1.3
Ear
ly s
tim
u-
lati
on
an
d e
du
cati
on
p
rogr
amm
es fo
r ch
ildre
n w
ith
sp
ecia
l ed
uca
tio
nal
nee
ds
(SE
N)
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n w
ith
SE
N
enro
lled
in d
ay c
are
cen
tres
5.6
%
(20
10
)
N/A
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n w
ith
SE
N in
a
com
mu
nit
y-b
ased
ce
ntr
e
2.5
%
(20
10
)
N/A
2.2
Ear
ly le
arn
ing
(3-6
yea
rs)
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o p
rep
are
child
ren
age
d 3
-6 y
ears
for
a sm
oo
th t
ran
si-
tio
n t
o P
1 b
y p
rovi
din
g ea
rly
lear
nin
g an
d
dev
elo
pm
ent
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
focu
sed
on
th
e d
evel
op
men
t o
f phy
sica
l, so
cial
, em
oti
on
al
and
co
gnit
ive
skill
s - i
ncl
ud
ing
earl
y lit
erac
y an
d n
um
erac
y sk
ills.
2.2
.1 P
re-p
rim
ary
and
pri
mar
y
edu
cati
on
(Lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
)
2.2
.1.1
Chi
ld fr
iend
ly
and
high
qua
lity
EC
D
cen
tres
(3-6
yea
rs)
atta
ched
to
pri
mar
y sc
ho
ols
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n ag
ed 3
6-5
9
mo
nth
s at
ten
din
g
hig
h q
ual
ity
in
tegr
ated
EC
D
pro
gram
mes
23
.4%
(20
11
)
50
%
Nu
mb
er o
f EC
D
cen
tres
att
ach
ed
to p
rim
ary
sch
oo
ls
esta
blis
hed
66
%
(20
10
)
10
0%
2.3
Hig
h-q
ual
ity
EC
D a
nd
ear
ly p
rim
ary
edu
cati
on
The
aim
of t
his
sub-
prog
ram
me
is t
o st
reng
then
th
e p
re-p
rim
ary
sect
or
and
pro
vid
e eq
uit
able
ac
cess
to
hig
h-q
ual
ity
and
dev
elo
pm
enta
lly
app
rop
riat
e le
arn
ing
acti
viti
es fo
r b
ette
r le
arni
ng (i
.e. l
iter
acy
and
num
erac
y) o
utco
mes
. A
n ad
dit
iona
l ob
ject
ive
of t
his
sub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o e
mp
has
ise
the
nee
d t
o d
evel
op
an
d im
ple
-m
ent
a q
ual
ity
assu
ran
ce fr
amew
ork
th
at w
ill
set
no
rms
and
sta
nd
ard
s o
f op
erat
ion
s, li
cen
s-in
g, r
egis
trat
ion
an
d p
rogr
amm
ing
of E
CD
and
lo
wer
pri
mar
y ed
ucat
ion.
2.3
.1 E
du
cati
on
p
rofe
ssio
nal
cad
re
dev
elo
pm
ent
(E
du
cati
on
Ser
vice
C
om
mis
sio
n)
2.3
.1.1
Cap
acit
y
bui
ldin
g an
d s
uppo
rt
for
care
give
rs,
nurs
ery,
pre
-pri
mar
y an
d lo
wer
pri
mar
y te
ach
ers
Nu
mb
er o
f car
e-
give
rs t
rain
ed a
nd
ce
rtifi
ed in
co
mm
un
ity
child
ca
re p
rogr
amm
es
2,4
00
(20
14
)
3,0
00
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
23
Such
eff
orts
are
exp
ecte
d t
o c
on
trib
ute
to
-w
ard
s b
rid
gin
g th
e ga
p in
ear
ly n
um
erac
y an
d
liter
acy
skill
s by
pro
mot
ing
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
pr
imar
y te
ache
r tr
ain
ing,
fost
erin
g p
rofe
s-si
on
al d
evel
op
men
t th
rou
gh t
he
inst
itu
tio
nal
i-sa
tio
n o
f in
-ser
vice
tra
inin
g p
rogr
amm
es, a
nd
th
e ti
mel
y p
rovi
sio
n o
f hig
h-q
ual
ity
edu
ca-
tio
nal
mat
eria
ls.
Nu
mb
er o
f p
re-p
rim
ary
teac
her
s tr
ain
ed
in in
tegr
ated
EC
D
(Dip
lom
a)
5.8
%
(20
10
)
N/A
Nu
mb
er o
f lo
wer
p
rim
ary
teac
her
s tr
ain
ed in
in
tegr
ated
EC
D
N/A
N/A
Lite
racy
/ P
35
6.2
%
(20
11
)
67
%
Nu
mer
acy
/ P
36
9.8
%
(20
11
)
75
%
2.3
.2 E
du
cati
on
se
cto
r re
gula
tio
n
(Mo
EST
S)
2.3
.2.1
Qu
alit
y
assu
ran
ce fr
ame-
wo
rk t
o s
et n
orm
s an
d s
tan
dar
ds,
as
wel
l as
EC
D
pro
gram
min
g gu
idel
ines
for
bo
th
form
al a
nd
info
rmal
se
ttin
gs
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f d
istr
icts
imp
lem
ent-
ing
earl
y le
arn
ing
and
dev
elo
pm
ent
stan
dar
ds
N/A
50
%
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f co
mm
un
ity
EC
D
cen
tres
reg
iste
red
th
at m
eet
nat
ion
al
stan
dar
ds
88
2
(20
14
)
2,0
00
Nu
mb
er o
f pri
vate
E
CD
tra
inin
g
inst
itu
tio
ns
re
gist
ered
wit
h
Mo
EST
S an
d
licen
sed
N/A
N/A
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
24
Pro
gram
me
ob
ject
ive:
En
sure
th
at a
ll ch
ildre
n a
re p
rote
cted
fro
m d
iffe
ren
t fo
rms
of a
bu
se a
nd
th
at c
areg
iver
s, t
each
ers
and
oth
er a
du
lts
wit
hin
th
e h
om
e an
d o
ther
inst
itu
tio
ns
up
ho
ld c
hild
ren’
s ri
ghts
.
Pro
gram
me
ou
tco
me:
Ch
ildre
n a
ged
0-8
yea
rs g
row
in a
saf
e an
d n
urt
uri
ng
envi
ron
men
t.
PR
OG
RA
MM
E O
UTC
OM
E IN
DIC
ATO
RS
Bas
elin
eTa
rget
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ab
use
d c
hild
ren
hav
ing
acce
ss t
o t
imel
y re
med
ial s
ervi
ces
N/A
N/A
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n li
vin
g in
saf
e an
d s
up
po
rtiv
e fa
mili
es
N/A
N/A
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
3.1
Pro
tect
ion
of c
hild
ren
fro
m a
ll fo
rms
of
abu
se, i
ncl
ud
ing
vio
len
ce
The
aim
of t
his
sub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o em
pow
er
care
give
rs, f
amili
es a
nd
co
mm
un
itie
s w
ith
re
leva
nt
kno
wle
dge
an
d s
kills
to
det
ect,
pre
-ve
nt
and
res
po
nd
to
child
abu
se, w
hile
cre
atin
g a
pro
tect
ive
and
en
ablin
g en
viro
nm
ent
for
child
dev
elo
pm
ent.
Th
e su
b-p
rogr
amm
e al
so
aim
s to
dev
elo
p a
nd
imp
lem
ent
app
rop
riat
e
lega
l fra
mew
ork
s fo
r re
po
rtin
g an
d r
esp
on
d-
ing
to in
tegr
ated
ch
ild p
rote
ctio
n s
ervi
ces.
3.1
.1 S
oci
al
dev
elo
pm
ent
pu
blic
ed
uca
tio
n
(Mo
GLS
D, l
oca
l go
vern
men
ts)
3.1
.1.1
Cap
acit
y
bu
ildin
g fo
r fa
mili
es
and
co
mm
un
itie
s to
pre
ven
t, p
rote
ct
and
res
po
nd
to
ch
ild
abu
se
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f pr
iori
ty d
istr
icts
that
h
ave
pro
gram
mes
to
pre
ven
t, p
rote
ct
and
res
po
nd
to
ch
ild
abu
se
N/A
N/A
3.1
.1.2
Str
eam
lined
co
ord
inat
ion
m
ech
anis
ms
for
com
mu
nit
y su
rvei
l-la
nce
, res
po
nse
an
d
mo
nit
ori
ng
for
child
p
rote
ctio
n
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f d
istr
icts
wit
h
coo
rdin
atio
n
mec
han
ism
s fo
r ch
ild p
rote
ctio
n
N/A
N/A
3.1
.2 S
oci
al
dev
elo
pm
ent
sect
or
regu
lati
on
(M
oG
LSD
)
3.1
.2.1
Co
ord
ina-
tio
n, m
on
ito
rin
g an
d
eval
uat
ion
of c
hild
p
rote
ctio
n p
olic
ies
and
pro
gram
mes
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f d
istr
icts
wit
h
fun
ctio
nal
mu
lti-
st
akeh
old
er,
com
mu
nit
y ch
ild
pro
tect
ion
co
mm
itte
es
N/A
N/A
CPA
3: C
hild
pro
tect
ion
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
25
3.1
.3 A
dm
inis
trat
ion
of j
ust
ice
(Min
istr
y o
f Ju
stic
e an
d
Co
nst
itu
tio
nal
A
ffai
rs -
Mo
JCA
)
3.1
.3.1
Ch
ild
pro
tect
ion
in
stit
uti
on
al a
nd
le
gal f
ram
ewo
rk
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ab
use
d c
hild
ren
ac
cess
ing
just
ice
and
lega
l ser
vice
s
N/A
N/A
3.2
Ch
ild p
rote
ctio
n s
yste
m s
tren
gth
enin
g
The
aim
of t
his
sub-
prog
ram
me
is to
em
pow
er
child
pro
tect
ion
ser
vice
pro
vid
ers
wit
h
app
rop
riat
e kn
ow
led
ge a
nd
ski
lls t
o e
ffec
-ti
vely
res
po
nd
to
ch
ild a
bu
se, b
oth
wit
hin
an
d o
uts
ide
the
ho
me.
An
ad
dit
ion
al a
im o
f th
e su
b-p
rogr
amm
e is
to
educ
ate
and
sup
port
p
aren
ts a
nd
car
egiv
ers,
wh
ile s
tren
gth
enin
g co
mm
un
ity
pro
tect
ion
mec
han
ism
s.
3.2
.1 S
oci
al
dev
elo
pm
ent
pu
blic
ed
uca
tio
n
(Mo
GLS
D)
3.2
.1.1
Cap
acit
y
bu
ildin
g fo
r ch
ild
pro
tect
ion
ser
vice
pr
ovid
ers
to r
espo
nd
to c
hild
ab
use
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ild
pro
tect
ion
ser
vice
pr
ovid
ers
trai
ned
in
han
dlin
g an
d
man
agin
g ch
ild
abu
se c
ases
N/A
N/A
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
t ri
sk a
nd
ab
use
d r
ecei
vin
g ti
mel
y an
d
app
rop
riat
e
rem
edia
l ser
vice
s
N/A
N/A
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f fa
mili
es o
f at-
risk
o
r ab
use
d c
hild
ren
ac
cess
ing
cou
nse
l-lin
g se
rvic
es
N/A
N/A
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
26
Pro
gram
me
ob
ject
ive:
Fo
ster
so
cio
-eco
no
mic
em
po
wer
men
t o
f fam
ilies
an
d c
om
mu
nit
ies
so t
hat
th
ey c
an b
ette
r su
pp
ort
ch
ildre
n’s
dev
elo
pm
ent.
Pro
gram
me
ou
tco
me:
Fam
ilies
an
d c
om
mu
nit
ies
are
emp
ow
ered
to
pro
vid
e ad
equ
ate
care
for
child
ren’
s w
ellb
ein
g.
PR
OG
RA
MM
E O
UTC
OM
E IN
DIC
ATO
RS
Bas
elin
eTa
rget
Nu
mb
er o
f fam
ilies
th
at a
re b
enefi
tin
g fr
om
live
liho
od
pro
gram
mes
an
d a
re e
con
om
ical
ly
ind
epen
den
tN
/AN
/A
Nu
mb
er o
f co
mm
un
ity
emp
ow
erm
ent
pro
gram
mes
imp
lem
ente
d a
nd
fun
ctio
nal
N/A
N/A
MO
NIT
OR
ING
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
SUB
-PR
OG
RA
MM
ES
Serv
ices
R
equ
ired
(MD
As)
Ro
uti
ne
A
ctiv
itie
sIn
dic
ato
rB
asel
ine
Targ
et
4.1
Fam
ily v
alu
es a
nd
par
enti
ng
skill
s
Th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
aim
s to
pro
vid
e ca
re-
give
rs a
nd
fam
ilies
wit
h p
aren
tin
g sk
ills
in
the
form
of v
alu
e-b
ased
par
ent
sup
po
rt p
ro-
gram
mes
an
d c
om
mu
nit
y-b
ased
init
iati
ves
that
hel
p p
aren
ts t
o a
cqu
ire
app
rop
riat
e kn
owle
dge
and
skill
s fo
r po
siti
ve c
hild
rea
rin
g pr
acti
ces
and
prov
ide
child
ren
wit
h ex
peri
ence
s an
d o
pp
ort
un
itie
s to
pro
mo
te le
arn
ing
and
d
evel
op
men
t.
4.1
.1 S
oci
al
dev
elo
pm
ent
pu
blic
ed
uca
tio
n
(Mo
GLS
D, l
oca
l go
vern
men
ts)
4.1
.1.1
Pro
mo
tio
n
of p
aren
tin
g kn
ow
l-ed
ge a
nd
ski
lls t
o
imp
rove
ch
ild-c
are
pra
ctic
es, i
ncl
ud
ing
earl
y st
imu
lati
on
an
d le
arn
ing
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f pa
rent
s /
care
-giv
ers
kno
wle
dge
able
ab
out
inte
grat
ed
EC
D s
ervi
ces,
in
clud
ing
pare
nt-
ing
and
fam
ily c
are
pra
ctic
es
N/A
N/A
4.2
So
cial
an
d e
con
om
ic s
tren
gth
enin
g o
f fa
mili
es a
nd
co
mm
un
itie
s
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o p
rovi
de
soci
al a
ssis
tan
ce a
nd
fin
anci
al s
up
po
rt t
o
vuln
erab
le fa
mili
es a
nd c
omm
unit
ies
by in
vest
-in
g in
the
soc
ial i
nclu
sion
of m
en a
nd w
omen
in
eco
no
mic
an
d in
com
e ge
ner
atin
g ac
tivi
ties
. In
terv
enti
on
s an
d s
ervi
ces
incl
ud
e m
icro
- fi
nan
cin
g an
d in
com
e ge
ner
atin
g ac
tivi
ties
th
at w
ill s
up
po
rt fa
mili
es a
nd
co
mm
un
itie
s
to fo
ster
so
cial
co
hes
ion
an
d e
con
om
ic
resi
lien
ce.
4.2
.1 S
oci
al
pro
tect
ion
(M
oG
LSD
)
4.2
.1.1
Ch
ild-
sen
siti
ve s
oci
al
pro
tect
ion
an
d
fam
ily
sup
po
rt
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f vu
lner
able
ho
use
-h
old
s b
enefi
tin
g fr
om
so
cial
as
sist
ance
p
rogr
amm
es
4.5
%
(20
11
)
6%
4.2
.1.2
Inco
me-
ge
ner
atin
g m
icro
-fi
nan
ce p
rogr
amm
es
for
fam
ilies
an
d
com
mu
nit
ies
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f fa
mili
es e
nga
ged
in
inco
me-
gen
erat
ing
acti
viti
es
N/A
N/A
CPA
4: F
amily
str
engt
heni
ng a
nd c
omm
unity
sup
port
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
27
4.3
Co
mm
un
ity
mo
bili
sati
on
Th
e ai
m o
f th
is s
ub
-pro
gram
me
is t
o s
tren
gth
-en
co
mm
un
ity
enga
gem
ent
and
co
mm
itm
ent
by p
rovi
din
g ev
ery
mem
ber
of t
he
com
mu
nit
y w
ith
an
op
po
rtu
nit
y to
par
tici
pat
e in
th
e d
esig
n a
nd
imp
lem
enta
tio
n o
f co
mm
un
ity-
leve
l in
terv
enti
on
s th
at a
ccu
rate
ly r
eflec
t co
mm
un
ity
pri
ori
ties
. To
th
is e
nd
, on
e o
f th
e ke
y o
bje
ctiv
es o
f th
e su
b-p
rogr
amm
e is
to
tr
ain
an
d e
mp
ow
er c
om
mu
nit
ies
in c
om
-m
un
ity
mo
bili
sati
on
init
iati
ves
wit
h a
vie
w
to p
rom
ote
inte
grat
ed E
CD
ser
vice
s an
d t
he
holis
tic
dev
elop
men
t of
chi
ldre
n by
focu
sing
on
the
soc
io-e
mot
iona
l rel
atio
nshi
p b
etw
een
them
an
d t
hei
r ca
regi
vers
as
wel
l as
pro
mo
t-in
g p
lay,
co
mm
un
icat
ion
an
d e
arly
sti
mu
lati
on
ac
tivi
ties
.
4.3
.1 H
ealt
h p
ub
lic
edu
cati
on
(Mo
H,
loca
l gov
ern
men
ts)
4.3
.1.1
Cap
acit
y b
uild
ing
for
hea
lth
w
orke
rs (i
nclu
d-in
g vi
llage
hea
lth
te
ams
- VH
Ts) o
n in
tegr
ated
par
enti
ng
/ ch
ild d
evel
op
men
t se
rvic
es a
nd
fam
ily
care
pra
ctic
es
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f hea
lth
w
ork
ers
trai
ned
in
inte
grat
ed m
anag
e-m
ent
of n
eon
atal
an
d c
hild
ho
od
ill
nes
s (I
MN
CI)
, in
clu
din
g ca
re fo
r ch
ild d
evel
opm
ent
(CC
D)
N/A
50
%
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f VH
Ts
trai
ned
in in
tegr
ated
E
CD
ser
vice
s,
incl
ud
ing
par
enti
ng
an
d fa
mily
car
e p
ract
ices
30
% -
34
D
istr
icts
(2
01
1)
63
% -
70
D
istr
icts
4.3
.2 S
oci
al
dev
elo
pm
ent
pu
blic
ed
uca
tio
n
(Mo
GLS
D, l
oca
l go
vern
men
ts)
4.3
.2.1
Co
mm
un
ity
mo
bili
sati
on
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f d
istr
icts
wit
h c
om
-m
un
ity
mo
bili
sati
on
p
rogr
amm
es fo
r ch
ild-c
are
and
d
evel
op
men
t se
rvic
es
N/A
N/A
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f co
mm
un
ity
d
evel
op
men
t w
ork
ers
(CD
Ws)
tr
ain
ed in
par
ent-
ing
and
fam
ily c
are
pra
ctic
es, i
ncl
ud
ing
CC
D
N/A
N/A
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
28
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
3. THE WAY FORWARD
Early childhood development (ECD) calls for the adoption of
an expanded vision of programme planning and budgeting
processes in which owner-ship, execution and management
of the integrated and comprehensive ECD interven-tions are
shared among all key stakeholders, and complemented and
coordinated in a holistic manner. Further, ECD represents a
key and necessary component to deliver on the commitments
of the NDP II.
Having clearly articulated the programmatic requirements to
effectively deliver integrated ECD services, the careful decom-
position of funds allocated to existing Vote Functions allows
for the re-assignment of pertinent project and programme
funding within current sector budgets vis-à-vis the four CPAs
presented in the previous chapter. Notably, in full recognition
that existing budgetary allocations were not determined to
finance the newly developed CPAs, this analysis is not to be
interpreted as a critique of existing budgetary allocation. It is
rather intended as an indicative baseline in terms of budgeting
for ECD vis-à-vis ECD’s key areas of investment.
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
29
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
The table above summarises budgetary allocations to the four CPAs
presented in the previous chapter between FY 2011/12 and FY 2013/14. With
the exclusion of primary education, allocations to CPA 1 account for the
lion’s share of existing resources. Budgetary allocations to child protection,
early learning and care, and family strengthening and community support
are visibly unbalanced (Figure 7). The breakdown of these allocations is
presented in Appendix 1.
While there is no denying the relevance of CPA 1, especially in view of
Uganda’s slow progress in achieving the child and maternal health MDG
targets, children’s rights to protection, early learning and care remain
marginalised. Moreover, if families and communities representing the
first lines of response are not adequately supported and empowered, the
effective implementation of integrated ECD programmes in Uganda could
be irreversibly compromised.
FY FY FY
ECD programmes 2011/12 (UGX) 2012/13 (UGX) 2013/14 (UGX)
CPA 1 Child, maternal health, and development
894,581,520,808 1,035,111,735,462 1,334,183,409,160
CPA 2 Early learning and care
36,942,324,671 29,241,550,000 28,577,192,000
CPA 3Child protection
21,502,827,561 51,898,341,023 29,559,124,725
CPA 4Family strengthening and community support
13,270,305,250 12,468,979,008 11,468,389,388
Primary Education 687,824,477,975 736,582,331,044 808,065,119,306
Total / ECD 1,654,121,456,265 1,873,003,711,208 2,220,218,367,250
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
30
0
200,000,000
400,000,000
600,000,000
800,000,000
1,000,000,000
2013/14 (UGX)2012/13 (UGX)2011/12 (UGX)
1,200,000,000
1,400,000,000
Child & maternal health
CPA 1
Child protection
CPA 3
Early learning & care
CPA 2
Family strengthening & community support
CPA 4
FIGURE 7: ECD - PROGRAMME AREAS OF GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT
The aim of developing an ECD budgeting framework for PBB is to help
visualise the depth and breadth of public investments required to support
the effective implementation of a national integrated ECD framework.
The early years in a child’s life are a critically important period when pro-
found and long-lasting development occurs. These years are particularly
important for poor and vulnerable children, including children with
disabilities, whose access to high-quality ECD services stands as an
important precondition for the realisation of their full potential.
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
31
Current ECD interventions in Uganda, at both national and regional
levels, remain fragmented and poorly funded. To this end, Government’s
paradigm shift from output-oriented budgeting (OOB) to programme-
based budgeting (PBB) represents an important and unprecedented
opportunity to strengthen the link between national planning and
budgeting processes. In this respect, the Ministry of Finance, Planning
and Economic Development’s imminent programme budgeting reform
provides a unique entry point to embed key strategic investments
identified in the NDP II into Government’s PBB architecture.
The four CPAs presented in this report favour the holistic and compre-
hensive development of young children with sub-programmes carefully
calibrated to reduce both maternal and child morbidity and mortality,
scale up nutrition efforts, entrench child protection, and promote greater
and more effective early stimulation and education programmes rooted in
family and community support. This budgeting framework is expected to
go a long way in supporting the effective implementation of the national
integrated ECD framework.
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
32
Appendix 1: Government Investment in ECD
(FY 2011/12 - FY 2013/14)
CPA 1. Child, maternal health, and development
Sum of Amount Column Labels
Row Labels 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Water and Environment 279,737,281,194 366,924,806,809 396,155,092,229
Rural water supply and sanitation 75,729,426,929 102,609,180,381 93,484,944,468
Sanitation and environmental services 9,580,000 9,579,162 9,579,162
Urban water supply and sanitation 78,731,957,651 131,134,771,284 158,844,566,208
Sum of Amount Column Labels
Row Labels 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Health 809,948,422,548 865,392,603,953 1,142,825,092,349
Clinical and public health 23,606,852,188 39,150,495,336 35,715,878,899
Community health management 5,009,480,307 5,283,453,806 5,367,518,526
Health systems development 127,650,427,691 126,309,230,000 196,367,435,774
National referral hospital services 51,040,536,178 32,425,642,923 38,185,045,900
Pharmaceutical and medical supplies 206,811,235,237 208,291,236,940 219,374,586,943
Pharmaceutical and other supplies 48,138,300,544 85,494,330,568 215,326,903,010
Primary health care 225,005,676,971 245,375,382,661 299,956,034,416
Regional referral hospital services 52,848,047,113 59,028,432,402 71,550,915,854
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
33
CPA 2. Early learning and care
Sum of Amount Column Labels
Row Labels 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Education 1,420,673,059,288 1,598,444,505,063 1,769,575,208,376
Education inspection and monitoring
501 - 850 local governments 2,500,000,000 3,098,500,000
GoU development
Child-friendly basic education (0176) 98,441,107 88,000,000
Non-wage recurrent 36,733,802,564 26,543,469,000 25,368,611,000
Wage recurrent 110,081,000 110,081,000 110,081,000
CPA 3. Child protection
Sum of Amount Column Labels
Row Labels 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Justice, law and order 549,082,646,080 575,940,072,571 654,307,648,696
Human rights 8,903,143,690 10,803,917,686 9,800,407,297
VF - Uganda Registration Services Bureau 1,758,344,127 2,713,703,811 8,715,033,644
Social Development 54,079,633,973 61,668,768,549 47,897,773,689
Social protection for vulnerable groups 10,841,339,744 38,380,719,526 11,043,683,784
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
34
CPA 4. Family strengthening and community support
Sum of Amount Column Labels
Row Labels 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Social development 54,079,633,973 61,668,768,549 47,897,773,689
Community mobilisation and empowerment 10,660,844,666 10,198,134,270 9,771,569,388
Mainstreaming gender and rights 2,609,460,584 2,270,844,737 1,696,820,000
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
35
BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BUDGETING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
36
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