BUDDHIST TEMPLES AND SIMI-LARITIES BETWEEN BUDDHIST

AND HINDU TEMPLES

BY: MEGHANA.GSILPA.V

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SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA :563 BC TO ABOUT 483 BC (80 YEARS) .2516 + YEARS AGO BUDDHISM : 5TH CENTURY BC TO THE PRESENT.

THINGS LEAD TO FORM BUDDHISM :

BUDDHA HAD DIED AFTER 1 YEAR AFTER HIS DEATH PEOPLE KNEW EXISTENCE IS SUFFERING.THE CAUSE IS WITHIN SELFEND TO SUFFERING IS POSSIBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH, LEAD TO NIRVANA.

297 BC

ASHOKA CONVERTED IN TO BUDDHISM IN OFFICAIL WAY

5 TO 9TH CENTURY

IT ENTERS CHINA, TIBET, VIETNAM,JAPAN, KOREA, Burma ETC.,

13TH CENTURY

DECLINE OF BUDDHISM NORTH INDIA

15TH CENTURY

DECLINE OF BUDDHISM IN SOUTH INDIA

ASHOKA HAD SPREADED BUDDHISM TO MAGA-DHA EMPIRE AND ALSO ADOPTED ARCHITEC-TURAL MONUMENTS TO SPREAD BUDDHISM TO DIFFERENT PLACES.

THE MAJOR ARCHITECTURE FEATURE ARESTUPAS ( EXAMPLE : SANCHI STUPA )STAMBAS ( EXAMPLE : ASHOKA PILLAR) CHAITYAS ( EXAMPLE : CHAITYA AT KARLI)VIHARAS ( EXAMPLE : VIHARA AT AJANTA)

STAMBAS

LOOKS COMMON TO INDIAN ARCHITECTURE STYLESSHAFTS WERE INSCRIBED AND CAPITAL WERE OF EMBLEMS OR ANIMALS.

TYPICAL BUDDHIST COLUMNS ARE OF 2 TYPES

1) PERSEPOLITIAN TYPE

- SHAFT IS OCTOGONAL - ANIMAL SCULPTURE ON CAPITAL -BASE OF THE SHAFT IS VASE SHAPED

2)GRAECO-ROMAN TYPE

CIRCULAR SHAFT WITH FLUTESTALL AND SLENDERHEIGHT OF IT IS 6 TO 8 TIMES OF THE THE LOWER DIAMETERCAPITAL WITH FLUTE VASE MOTIF

STUPA AND PAGODABUDDHA TEMPLE HAVE UNIQUE SHAPESWELL KNOWN SHAPES ARE THE PAGODA STYLE IN CHINA AND JAPANANOTHER IS THE STUPA.

STUPAA STONE STRUCTURE BUILT ON TOP OF RELICS(ARTEFACT, BUDDHA'S TEACHINGS ) OF BUDDHA.

THE CIRCULARITY OF THE DOME RESEMBLES THE WHEEL OF LIFE.

GRADUALLY, THE STUPA BECAME LARGER, SOON, RELIEFS OF SIDDHARTHA'S LIFE BEGAN APPEARING ON ITS OUTER WALLS.

THE WORLDS'S LARGEST STUPA RESTS ON THE ISLAND OF JAVA, INDONESIA.

ON TOP, IN MAHAYANA SHRINE A GRAND IMAGES OF BUDDHA AND STATUES OF BODHI SATTVAS.

TEMPLESTHE DESIGN OF BUDDHIST TEMPLES ORIGINATED WITH THE STUPA.HISTORICAL VERY ORNATE INSIDE WITH GOLD AND JADE.WHILE TODAY'S TEMPLES ARE MORE MODERN.IF THE TEMPLE ISN'T DESIGNED IN THE SHAPE OF A PAGODA, THERE WILL BE A REPLICA OF ONE INSIDE.

THE TEMPLES ARE DESIGNED TO SYMBOLIZE THE FIVE ELEMENTSFIRE,AIR/WINDEARTH,WATER WISDOM/VOID

1.200 YEARS OLD DA FOU SI, HONG KONG (GUANGZHOU)

BUSSY-SAINT-GEORGES, FRANCE

THE STUPA GREW TALLER AND THINNER

PAGODAS ARE EIGHT-SIDED TOWERS

CONTAIN AN ODD NUMBER OF STORIES-BETWEEN THREE AND THIRTEEN.

THE BASE OF THE STUPA IS OFTEN SEALED WITH A COP-PER PLATE INCISED WITH A VISHVA-VAJRA CROSSED THUN-DERBOLT DESIGN THAT IS REGARDED AS PROTECTION FROM EVIL.

STUPAS THEMSELVES WERE VENERATED AS SYMBOLS OF THE BUDDHA

BUDDHIST TEMPLES IS INFLUENCED BY THE ARCHITEC-TURE OF COUNTRY AND VARIOUS TRADITIONS FOLLOWED BY THE COUNTRY.

MANY BUDDHIST TEMPLES ARE LOCATED IN THE FORESTS AND MOUNTAINS. - MOUNTAINS AND FOREST HAVE ALWAYS BEEN ASSOCI-ATED WITH SPIRITUAL PURITY. - BUDDHIST MONKS WERE OFTEN PERSECUTED AND RE-MOTE LOCATION GAVE THEM SOME SAFETY.

IN CHINA, JAPAN AND THAILAND TEMPLES ARE OFTEN IN THE MIDDLE OF TOWN.

FEATURESREASONAL BIRTH OF BUDDHIST TEMPLE : BUDDHISM HAS RITUAL LIKE WORSHIP, BIRTH,DEATH AND MANY MORE, MONKS, NUNS CARRY THEM OUT. THROUGH TEMPLES, MONASTRIES BUDDHIST PEOPLE KEEP THEIR RELIGION LIVING.

INSIDE, TEMPLE MAY HAVE A WORSHIP HALL, MEDITATION HALL, AND GOLD WARRIOR-TYPE FIGURES, AND STATUE OF BUDDHA(SITTING IN A LO-TUS POSITION )WILL BE THE MAIN SUBJECT OF INTEREST.

GREEN, ORANGE, AND YELLOW ARE USED FOR THE ROOF AND WALLS IN-SIDE.

DEMONS AND MONKEY GUARDIAN STATUES PROTECT THE TEMPLE FROM EVIL SPIRITS.

TEMPLE MAY HAVE A MONASTERY ATTACHED, THE MONKS ARE NOT HOUSED THERE AS IN OTHER MONASTERIES.

SYMBOLIC ART AND SCULPTURE WILL BE ON WALLS OF THE PRAYING AR-EASMORE DIFFERENT SIZED STATUES OF BUDDHA ARE PLACED THROUGHOUT THE TEMPLE AND ON THE ALTAR.

TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE: > HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPED OVER 2000 YEARS AGO.

> FROM 1ST CENTURY CEA NEW TYPE OF WORSHIP BAKTHI (I-DOL WORSHIP) STARTED

> BUILDINGS WERE CONSTRUCTED WHICH COULD HOUSE A SACRED SYMBOL FOR A PARTICULAR GOD.,WHICH IS SCULP-TURAL FIGURE.

EVOLUTION OF HINDU TEMPLES: >HINDU TEMPLE ARCH. WAS INFLUENCED BY EARLY BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE CALLED STUPAS.

> FIRST HINDU TEMPLES WERE BUILT FROM ROCK CUT CAVES AND REPEATED THE ART FORMS OF RE-LIEFS.

   

ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMEN:> ROCK CUT CAVE TO MASSIVE ORNAMANTAL TEMPLE.

IMPORTAT ELEMENTS OF HINDU ARCHITECTURE ARE: > HARMONIOUS GEOMETRY.,>SQUARE FORM.,>GRID FLOOR PLANS.,> DECORATIVE SCULPTUERS

*ORNAMENTATION*

SQUARE FORM*

> SPACE IS PROVIDED FOR WORSHIPPERS TO LEAVE OFFERINGS.,PERFORM DIFFERENT RITUALS LIKE BATHING AADN DANCING ETC

HINDU TEMPLE:

TEMPLE HAS 6 PARTS< DOME OR STEEPLE< INNER CHAMBER(GARBA GRIHA)< TEMPLE HALL< FRON PORCH< WALKWAY(PRADAKSHANAWAY

REFERENCE

http://www.waupun.k12.wi.us/Policy/other/dickhut/religions/59%20Buddhist%20Temples.htm

http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat55/sub355/item1325.html

THANK YOU