CONTENT Overview of Bluetooth History The Bluetooth Specifications Typical Bluetooth Scenario Protocols Profiles Security Comparison with other

technologies Future of Bluetooth Summary

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Example : The Networked Home

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What is Bluetooth?

“Bluetooth wireless technology is an open specification for a low-cost, low-power, short-range radio technology for ad-hoc wireless communication of voice and data anywhere in the world.”

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One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module

Ultimate Headset

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Bluetooth Goals & Vision

Originally conceived as a cable replacement technology

Short-Range Wireless SolutionsOpen SpecificationVoice and Data CapabilityWorldwide UsabilityOther usage models began to develop:

Personal Area Network (PAN)Ad-hoc networksData/voice access pointsWireless telematics

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Overview of Bluetooth HistoryWhat is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.

Why this name?It was taken from the 10th century Danish King

Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway.

When does it appear?1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology

to link mobile phones & accessories.5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth

Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998.First specification released in July 1999.

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Timeline1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision1995 : Engineering work begins1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia

& Toshiba1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0A

SIG promoter group expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft & Motorola

2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.12003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.22005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0 (?)

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Special Interest Group

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Technical features

Connection Type Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping) & Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec)

Spectrum2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of spectrum = 79 channels)

Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying

Transmission Power 1 mw – 100 mw

Data Rate 1 Mbps

Range 30 ft

Supported Stations 8 devices

Data Security –Authentication Key 128 bit key

Data Security –Encryption Key 8-128 bits (configurable)

Module size 9 x 9 mm

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Bluetooth FHSS

Employs frequency hopping spread spectrum

Reduce interference with other devices

Pseudorandom hopping1600 hops/sec- time slot

is defined as 625 microseconds

Packet 1-5 time slots long

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Time-Division Duplex Scheme

Channel is divided into consecutive slots (each 625 s) One packet can be transmitted per slot Subsequent slots are alternatively used for transmitting and receiving

Strict alternation of slots between the master and the slavesMaster can send packets to a slave only in EVEN slotsSlave can send packets to the master only in the ODD slots

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Classification

POWER RANGE

CLASS I 20 dBm 100 m

CLASS II 0-4 dBm 10 m

CLASS III 0 dBm 1 m

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• Classification of devices on the basis of Power dissipated & corresponding maximum Range.

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Master

Active Slave

Parked Slave

Standby

• All devices in piconet hop together.• Master’s ID and master’s clock determines frequency hopping

sequence & phase.

Ad-hoc Network – the Scatternet

Inter-piconet communication

Up to 10 piconets in a scatternet

Multiple piconets can operate within same physical space

This is an ad-hoc, peer to peer (P2P) network

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Baseband

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L2CAP

Service provided to the higher layer:

L2CAP provides connection-oriented and

connectionless data services to upper layer protocols

Protocol multiplexing and demultiplexing

capabilities

Segmentation & reassembly of large packets

L2CAP permits higher level protocols and

applications to transmit and receive L2CAP data

packets up to 64 kilobytes in length.

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File Transfer Profile

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• Profile provides:• Enhanced client-server interactions:

- browse, create, transfer folders- browse, pull, push, delete files

Headset Profile

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• Profile provides:• Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection &

accept/terminate calls.

• Volume can be controlled from either device.

• Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

Core Bluetooth Products

• Notebook PCs & Desktop computers

• Printers• PDAs• Other handheld

devices• Cell phones• Wireless peripherals:

• Headsets• Cameras

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• CD Player

• TV/VCR/DVD

• Access Points

• Telephone Answering Devices

• Cordless Phones

• Cars

Other Products…

2004 Toyota Prius & Lexus LS 430

hands free callsDigital Pulse Oximetry SystemToshiba Washer & DryerNokia N-gage

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SecuritySecurity Measures

Link Level Encryption & Authentication.

Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for device

access.

Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys).

These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other

parameters are transmitted over wireless which in

combination with certain information known to the

device, can generate the keys.

Further encryption can be done at the application

layer.

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A Comparison

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WLAN

Bluetooth: Today & Tomorrow

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Will Bluetooth become a household name?

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Future of BluetoothSuccess of Bluetooth depends on how well it is

integrated into consumer productsConsumers are more interested in applications

than the technology Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into

consumer productsMust provide benefits for consumer Must not destroy current product benefits

Key Success FactorsInteroperabilityMass Production at Low CostEase of UseEnd User Experience

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Summary

A new global standard for data and voice

Eliminate Cables

Low Power, Low range, Low Cost network devices

Future Improvements Master-Slave relationship can be adjusted

dynamically for optimal resource allocation and utilization.

Adaptive, closed loop transmit power control can be implemented to further reduce unnecessary power usage.

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