Biology Chapter 1

bios = life logy = study of

Biology is the study of living

thingsthis is broken

down into 3 major groups:

1. botany 2. zoology

3. human anatomy and physiology

Botany - the study of plants • 2/3 of the food we eat comes from plants, the other 1/3 comes from animals that eat plants

• many drugs and antibiotics used in medicine are derived from plants

• industry, products as lumber, paper and clothing are derived from plants

Why are flowers important to plants?

Flowers help the plants reproduce more of their kind

Herb meaningsScientific definition- in botany, an herb is any

plant whose stem remains relatively soft

Everyday definition - an herb is a plant used as a medicine, seasoning or flavoring

How are taproot systems different from fibrous root systems?

Taproot - one main root typically grows straight

down and remains larger than the secondary roots

that branch from it.

Fibrous root system - many slender secondary

roots grow in all directions in a tangled mass

What 2 types of flowers make up a composite flower?

Disk flowers and Ray Flowers

What major structural characteristic do all members of the pea family have in common?

pod-like fruits

4 Differences between dicots and monocots?Monocots

* 1 cotyledon * parallel veins * petals in multiples of 3 * fibrous roots

Dicots * 2 cotyledons * branching veins * petals in multiples of 4-5 * taproots

What are the 3 most important cereal crops?

Wheat

Corn

Rice

Would a pine tree be classified as

an annual, a biennial, or a perennial?

perennial - plants that live from year to year

annuals - live for one single growing season biennials - their first year of growth, they devote to storing

food in their enlarged tap roots reserving flowers and seeds and are usually harvested at this point to gain

stored food

Are grasses monocots or dicots? How can you tell?

monocots - the leaves are long and narrow with parallel

venation and the root system is fibrous

Nitrogen cycle and the role of pea family- nitrogen cycle is the movement of nitrogen from the air, into the

soil, and back into the air. Plants need nitrogen in order to survive. Legumes, a member of the pea

family, have nitrogen-fixing bacteria growing on the roots that convert the nitrogen not absorbable nitrates.

What is the difference between a deciduous tree and an evergreen tree?

Deciduous trees lose their leaves and remain bare in

the winter

Evergreen trees retain their leaves throughout winter

What group of trees is known for thin, smooth bark

that peels off?

Birch

Which trees grow in damp

areas?

Willows

Two types of trees, in addition to willows, that

are members of the willow family?

Poplar

Quaking Aspen

MicroscopesRead contract now

• Always begin your observation on the lowest power (4X)

• Always move the slide around to find the best area for viewing. This process is called scanning.

• Always handle slides and cover slips by the ages.

• Always use forceps to handle the specimen when preparing wet mounts.

• Always focus the microscope by moving the stage away from the objective.