BIOFERTILIZERS AND

BIOPESTICIDESPRESENTED BY:-

HARGOVIND LAXKAR

INTRODUCTIONIn the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in agriculture.But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill-effects such as

• polluting water basins• destroying micro-organisms and

friendly insects• making the crop more susceptible to

the attack of diseases• reducing the soil fertility and thus

causing irreparable damage to the overall system.

SOLUTION

• Found that biofertilizers can help in increasing the yield without causing the damage associated with chemical fertilizers.

BIOFERTILIZER• It is a large population of a specific or a

group of beneficial microorganisms for enhancing the productivity of soil

• Either by fixing atmospheric nitrogen or by solubilizing soil phosphorus.

TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZER1. For Nitrogen

Rhizobium for legumes cropsAzotobacter/Azospirillum for non legume crops

2. For PhosphorousRhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Acetobacter

Biocompost• Eco-friendly organic fertilizer • Prepared from the sugar industry waste material. • Consists of nitrogen, phosphate solubilizing

bacteria and various useful fungi like decomposing fungi, trichoderma viridea which protects the plants from various soil borne disease

• Increase soil fertility which results to a good quality product to the farmers.

Advantage of biofertilizersRenewable source of nutrients

Sustain soil health

Supplement chemical fertilizers.

Replace 25-30% chemical fertilizers

Increase the grain yields by 10-40%.

Decompose plant residues, and stabilize C:N ratio of soil

Improve texture, structure and water holding capacity of soil

No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.

BIOPESTICIDES

BIOPESTICIDE• Bio pesticides are biochemical pesticides that are

naturally occurring substances that control pests by nontoxic mechanisms.

• Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals.

• All the living organism which are cultivated in the laboratory on large scale and are used and exploited experimentally for the control of harmful organism.

THREE MAJOR CLASSES OF

PESTICIDES

1. Microbial pesticides

■ Consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest. For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects.

■ Are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material.

2. Plant pesticides

3. Biochemical pesticides

■ Are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to traps.

THE ADVANTAGES OF USING BIOPESTICIDES

• Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides.

• Cheap, renewable can be handled safely.• Difficult for insects to develop resistance to these

pesticides.

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