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BIODIVERSITY

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Biodiversity

• What is it?• Why is it important?• Threats to biodiversity• Impact on human life• Future

03:42:58 AM

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Biodiversity – What is it?

What do you think biodiversity is?

What do you think biodiversity is?Biodiversity is the variety of life on

Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things

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Types of Biodiversity

1. Genetic diversity

2. Species diversity

3. Ecosystem diversity

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1. Genetic diversity - genetic variability or diversity within a species

Paddy – 88,000 varieties

Mangoes – 5000 varieties

Types of Biodiversity

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2.Species diversity - diversity between different species

Felis domestica Felis tigris

Types of Biodiversity

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3. Ecosystem diversity – diversity within a region

Types of Biodiversity

Plains to Hills and Valleys

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Facts on Resources - Worldwide

Total Land Area of Earth – 150 m. sq.km Forest Cover – 38 m. sq.km (25%) 40% of Global Forest Land is in South America,

Africa, and South Asia.

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There are 5 million to 100 million species on earth. Only 1.9 million species have been catalogued so far. There are 34 recognised “Hotspots” in the world.

Facts on Resources - Worldwide

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Facts on Resources - India

Land area - 3.3 m. sq. km

India occupies 2.47% of World’s land area

and has only 1% of the forest

India has 16% of world human population

and 15% of cattle population

Forest Cover in India – 23.6%

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India is sharing 12.5% of world’s biodiversity

India has 3.9% of grasslands, 2.0% of hot deserts, 4.1 m. ha of wetland ecosystems.

India is the 7th largest country in the world and one among the 17 mega diversity centers.

India and Biodiversity

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India recorded :

45,000 + species of wild plants

89,000 + species of wild animals

At least 320 species of wild relatives of crops have been originated here.

India and Biodiversity

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In India:

• 1,39,000 species of plants, animals and microbes are recorded

• More than 4 lakh species are yet to be identified

• There are three mega centers of endemism and 26 micro centers of endemism

India and Biodiversity

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1. Endemism

(0.5% or 1500 species of the world’s

3 Lakh Plant species as endemics

should be present)2. Degree of Threat

Hotspots of India – Three 1. Western Ghats 2. Eastern Himalayas 3. Indo-Burma region

Hotspots

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Hotspots

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“This is the assembly of life that took a billion years to evolve. It has eaten the storms-folded them into its genes-and created the world that created us. It holds the world steady.”

― Edward O. Wilson

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What do we get from biodiversity?

Oxygen

Food

Clean Water

Medicine

Aesthetics

Ideas

Why Biodiversity is important?

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1.Commercial value : Oil, Fertilizers etc. extracted from species of plants and animals.

2.Biological value: Pollination, Soil formation, Nutrient enrichment

3.Recreational Value: Can not be measured in terms of money.

4. Aesthetic Value: Art, Poetry, Literature. 5.Scientific Value: Gene Pool, Evolution, Human

Welfare, etc.

Provides food, fodder, fruit, fuel, timber, medicine

Above all Nature has been a great inspiration to most of the inventions helping human life today.

Why Biodiversity is important?

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Why Biodiversity is important?

Bio-mimicry

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Threats to Biodiversity 1• Deforestation and overgrazing• Agricultural expansion • Forest fires including smoking in the woods.• Spreading urbanization and establishment of

industries

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• Over‑exploitation of the resources.• Pollution of various kinds and release of toxic

substances. • Construction of hydro‑electric power projects• Mining activities and quarrying.

Threats to Biodiversity 2

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• Habitat destruction and fragmentation of the area.• Poaching / hunting for flesh, fur, skin, horn, nail

and recreation. • Natural calamities like floods, high wind velocities,

earthquakes, etc.,.• Soil erosion and loss of soil nutrients.

Threats to Biodiversity 3

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• Population pressure and unequal distribution of the resources

• Invasive /introduced species push out natives• Climatic changes - depletion of ozone, global

warming, increased levels of CO2, etc.

• Lack of awareness.

Threats to Biodiversity 4

Movie Clipping

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Threats to Biodiversity 5

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Threats to Biodiversity 6

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Threats to Biodiversity 7

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Threats to Biodiversity 8

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“What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.”

― Mahatma Gandhi

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Impact of Loss Of Biodiversity• Global warming and climate change

• Increased pollution• Soil erosion and loss of fertility• Decomposition rate by microbes is altered

• Nutrient cycling is altered

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• Reduces gene pool - affects speciation

• Food chain is altered • Alteration in Hydrologic Cycle

Impact of Loss Of Biodiversity

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Biodiversity has Intrinsic ValueIntrinsic Value = Something that has value in and of itself

Biodiversity also has utilitarian ValueUtilitarian Value = the value

something has as a means to another’s end.Utilitarian values include:

• Goods• Services• Information

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Value of a TreeA tree that lives for 50 years:

• Generates Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen

• Facilitates Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion control

• Controls air pollution - Service worth Rs.10lakhs

• Provides Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of shelter for birds and animals

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• Recycles Rs. 6.5 lakhs worth of fertility

• Besides provide flower, fruits and timber

• Think before you cut down a tree it is worth more than Rs. 34 lakhs.

Value of a Tree

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FUTURE

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FUTURE

Future is in our hands. Protect it by behaving responsibly.Save our Earth…….

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FUTURE

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“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.”

― Mahatma Gandhi

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Natural Resources

Indestructible Destructible

RenewableNon-

renewable

Air Soil Minerals

Water Forest

Wildlife

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• Buy Local – Buy Fresh• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle• Live and let live – Love Nature• Encourage Endemics• Stay away from chemicals• Plant more trees

What can we do to conserve?

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“Be the CHANGE that you want to see in the world.”

― Mahatma Gandhi

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One Last Word• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle• Live and let live – Love Nature• Plant more trees

Concluding Movie

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