BIODIVERSITY IBIOL 1051

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

Professor Marc C Lavoie

mlavoie@uwichill.edu.bb

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms could be unicellular or

pluricellular

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures  

Characteristic Prokaryote

 Eukaryote

 a. Chromosome Single circular Paired linear

 b. Chromosome location Nucleoid (no membrane)

  Nucleus (membrane present)

 c. Nucleolus  Absent  Present

 d. Extra chromosomal DNA

 Plasmid

 Mitochondria and Chloroplast

 e. Site of Cellular Respiration

  Cell membrane  Mitochondria

 f. Ribosomes  30S & 50S /70 S 40S & 60S /80 S in cytoplasm (70 S in organelles)

 g. Locomotion Rotating flagella and gliding

Undulating flagella and cilia , and also amoeboid movement

 h. Pili  Sex or attachment pili

 Absent

5.1 Cytoplasmic membrane

5.2 Cell wall

5.3 Chromosomes

5.4 Ribosomes

40S

60S

80S

5.4 Ribosomes

5.5 Nucleus

5.6 RNA-polymerase

Eukaryotes more complex than Prokaryotes

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

5.7 Cilia and flagella

5.8 Mitochondria

5.8 Mitochondria

Flat Tubular Discoid

5.8 Chloroplast

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication

Budding

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms life cycles

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism ENERGY SOURCE ELECTRON DONNOR CARBON

SOURCE

ORGANISMS

      PROKARYOTES

    AUTO- ALGAE

    (CO2) CERTAIN PROTISTS

  LITHO-   Plants

PHOTO-(Light)

(Inorganic compounds and C1)HETERO-(CH2O)n

None

  ORGANO- AUTO- None

  (Organic compounds) HETERO- Prokaryotes

       

    AUTO- Prokaryotes

   LITHO- HETERO- Prokaryotes

CHEMO-    

(Chemical compounds)   AUTO- Prokaryotes

   ORGANO-

  Prokaryotes

      MOST PROTISTS

  HETERO- FUNGI

      Plants (non-chlorophyllic)

      Animals

       

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

Adl et al 2005

TubulinaeFlabellineaStereomyxidaAcanthamoebidae

AMOEBOZOA Entamoebida

MastigomoebidaPelomyxaEumycetozoaIncertae sedisSpongomonadida

FungiOPISTOKONTA Mesomycetozoa

ChoanomonadaMetazoa

CercozoaHaplosporidia

RHIZARIA Foraminifera

GromiaRadiolaria

GlaucophytaARCHAEPLASTIDA Rhodophyceae

Chloroplastida

CryptophyceaeEUKARYOTA CHROMALVEOLATA Haptophyta

StramenopilesAlveolata

FornicataMalawimonasParabasalia

EXCAVATA Preaxostyla

JakobidaHeteroloboseaEuglenozoa

AncyromonasAposomonadidaeCentrhelida

Incertae sedis Collodictyonidae

EbriaceaSpironemidaeKathablepharidaeStephanopogon

Embley & Martin 2006

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

• Amoeboid locomotion generally with non-eruptive morphologically variable pseudopodia (lobopodia)

AMOEBOZOA

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

OPISTOKONTA

Single posterior cilium without mastigonemes

FUNGI, CHOANOZOA, AND ANIMALS

OPISTOKONTA

FUNGI

CHOANOZOA

ANIMALS

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

RHIZARIA

• With fine pseudopodia (filopodia) varying as simple, branching, anastomosing, or supported by microtubules (axopodia).

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

ARCHAEPLASTIDA• Photosynthetic plastid with chlorophyll a from an

ancestral primary endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium– plastid secondarily lost or reduced in some– usually with cellulose cell wall– flat cristae– storage product: starch

• GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS

ALGAE

• GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS

ARCHAEPLASTIDA

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

CHROMALVEOLATA

Plastid from secondary endosymbiosis with an ancestral archaeplastida

ALVEOLATES

CHROMALVEOLATA

Dinoflagellates Apicomplexa Ciliates

A typical ciliateParamecium

A flagellate: Trypanosoma

CHROMISTA

Diatoms

Brown algae

Oomycetes

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

EXCAVATA

• Typically with suspension-feeding groove (cytostome) of the ‘‘excavate’’ type (i.e. homologous to that in Jakoba libera), presumed to be secondarily lost in many taxa

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• REFERENCE: MADIGAN, MT, MARTINKO, JM, & PARKER, J. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10th ed, 2003, PRENTICE HALL, p.472-498.

• PURVES, WK, SADAVA, D, ORIANS, GH, HELLER, HC. Life, The Science of Biology, 6th ed, 2001, Sinauer Assiciates Inc., p. 476-499.

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• WEB Sites:

• http://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI2033/thomson/binaryfission.html

• http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brock2/chapter17/deluxe.html

• http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/101lab1.html

• http://www.liunet.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/chapterA-1.html

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• WEB Sites:• http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/

may_15.html• www.DennisKunkel.com • http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/

Plantcell.gif • http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/

BioBookCELL2.html#The nucleus • http://mbclserver.rutgers.edu/~sofer/genetics/

Transcription/Transcription7.html • www.sinauer.com

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• WEB Sites:

• www.whfreeman.com

• http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

• http://ag.arizona.edu/tree/life.html

• http://pearl.spatial.maine.edu/pictures/glossary/ALGAE.jpg

•