Lecture 231. ANS

a. Adrenal Medulla2. Hormones3. Insulin & Glucagon

a. Diabetes2. Role of Hypothalamus & Pituitary in the

Endocrine System3. Thyroid Hormones

ANS(Autonomic Nervous System)

1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasis

Fig 8.20

Fig 8.21

1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systems

1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproduction

1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproductionc. projections from hypoth go to ANS

1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproductionc. projections from hypoth go to ANS

2. ANS is an involuntary motor system

2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glands

2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency

2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency

3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxns

2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency

3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxnsb. Parasymp mediates rest & digest

2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency

3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxnsb. Parasymp mediates rest & digestc. each excites some organs, inhibits others

Fig 49.8

Adrenal Medulla

1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrine

1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived

from ANS

1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived

from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:

1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived

from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP

1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived

from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased

blud flow to most organs

1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived

from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased

blud flow to most organs3. but increased blud flow to Skel muscle

1b. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased

blud flow to most organs3. but increased blud flow to Skel muscle 4. increased blud glucose, mental

activity, rate of coagulation, & sweating

Hormones=cmpds released by cells &

transported by blud &/or extracellular fluid to affect target cells

Hormones = cmpds released by cells & transported by blud &/or extracellular fluid to affect target cells 1. Horms control, organize much of physiology

Insulin & Glucagon

1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreas

Fig 45.10

1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreasa. in the Islets of Langerhans

1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreasa. in the Islets of Langerhans

1. 1-2 mill clusters of cells scattered in pancreas

1a1. 1-2 mill clusters of cells scattered in pancreasb. cells secrete glucagon which increases blud glucose

1b. cells secrete glucagon which increases blud glucosec. cells secrete insulin which decreases blud glucose

hi [glucose] in blud

cellsdetected by

detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud

cells

stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat

bludstream

detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud

cells

lowers [glucose] in blud

detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud

cells

stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat

bludstream

lowers [glucose] in blud

detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud

cells

stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat

bludstream-neg feedback

detected by cells

lo [glucose] in blud

Glucagon

detected by cells

increases glucagon secretion by s

lo [glucose] in blud

detected by cells

increases glucagon secretion by s

lo [glucose] in blud

bludstream

Liver

detected by cells

increases glucagon secretion by s

stims membr receptors

Liveractivatesenzymes

lo [glucose] in blud

bludstream

detected by cells

increases glucagon secretion by s

stims membr receptors

Liveractivatesenzymes

lo [glucose] in blud

bludstream

liver glycogen is broken down

glucose

detected by cells

increases glucagon secretion by s

stims membr receptors

Liveractivatesenzymes

lo [glucose] in blud

bludstream

liver glycogen is broken down

glucose

raises [glucose] in blud

-

DiabetesDiabetes mellitus most common

endocrine disorder-- 2-5% of U.S.

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levels

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about

10% of diabetics

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about

10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about

10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s

b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about

10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s

b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are

overweight

1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about 10%

of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on sb. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to

insulin

1b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are

overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to

insulin3. insulin is often normal or higher

initially but decreases as disease progresses

1b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are

overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to

insulin3. insulin is often normal or higher

initially but decreases as disease progresses

4. severity often decreases after wgt loss

Role of Hypothalamus & Pituitary in Endocrine System

Fig 45.14

hypothalamus

pituitary

1. Hypoth controls Anterior Pit horms by RHs/IHs = releasing or inhibiting horms

1. Hypoth controls Anterior Pit horms by RHs/IHs = releasing or inhibiting hormsa. a special vaculature takes RHs/IHs directly to Pit

Fig 45.17

RHs

AP horms