Bio 1500 Lecture 23
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Transcript of Bio 1500 Lecture 23
Lecture 231. ANS
a. Adrenal Medulla2. Hormones3. Insulin & Glucagon
a. Diabetes2. Role of Hypothalamus & Pituitary in the
Endocrine System3. Thyroid Hormones
ANS(Autonomic Nervous System)
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasis
Fig 8.20
Fig 8.21
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systems
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproduction
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproductionc. projections from hypoth go to ANS
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproductionc. projections from hypoth go to ANS
2. ANS is an involuntary motor system
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glands
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxns
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxnsb. Parasymp mediates rest & digest
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxnsb. Parasymp mediates rest & digestc. each excites some organs, inhibits others
Fig 49.8
Adrenal Medulla
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrine
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANS
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased
blud flow to most organs
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased
blud flow to most organs3. but increased blud flow to Skel muscle
1b. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased
blud flow to most organs3. but increased blud flow to Skel muscle 4. increased blud glucose, mental
activity, rate of coagulation, & sweating
Hormones=cmpds released by cells &
transported by blud &/or extracellular fluid to affect target cells
Hormones = cmpds released by cells & transported by blud &/or extracellular fluid to affect target cells 1. Horms control, organize much of physiology
Insulin & Glucagon
1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreas
Fig 45.10
1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreasa. in the Islets of Langerhans
1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreasa. in the Islets of Langerhans
1. 1-2 mill clusters of cells scattered in pancreas
1a1. 1-2 mill clusters of cells scattered in pancreasb. cells secrete glucagon which increases blud glucose
1b. cells secrete glucagon which increases blud glucosec. cells secrete insulin which decreases blud glucose
hi [glucose] in blud
cellsdetected by
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat
bludstream
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
lowers [glucose] in blud
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat
bludstream
lowers [glucose] in blud
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat
bludstream-neg feedback
detected by cells
lo [glucose] in blud
Glucagon
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
lo [glucose] in blud
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
Liver
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
stims membr receptors
Liveractivatesenzymes
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
stims membr receptors
Liveractivatesenzymes
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
liver glycogen is broken down
glucose
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
stims membr receptors
Liveractivatesenzymes
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
liver glycogen is broken down
glucose
raises [glucose] in blud
-
DiabetesDiabetes mellitus most common
endocrine disorder-- 2-5% of U.S.
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levels
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s
b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s
b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are
overweight
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about 10%
of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on sb. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to
insulin
1b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are
overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to
insulin3. insulin is often normal or higher
initially but decreases as disease progresses
1b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are
overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to
insulin3. insulin is often normal or higher
initially but decreases as disease progresses
4. severity often decreases after wgt loss
Role of Hypothalamus & Pituitary in Endocrine System
Fig 45.14
hypothalamus
pituitary
1. Hypoth controls Anterior Pit horms by RHs/IHs = releasing or inhibiting horms
1. Hypoth controls Anterior Pit horms by RHs/IHs = releasing or inhibiting hormsa. a special vaculature takes RHs/IHs directly to Pit
Fig 45.17
RHs
AP horms