Benefits of Biomedical ResearchContributions to Human and Animal Health

Benefits of Biomedical Research

Heart-lung machine developed in 1950 after years of animal research

600,000 cardiac bypass operations in US every year

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Diabetes

● 26 million Americans have Diabetes● 7 million unaware they have the disease● Years of research means advances in treatment● New oral medications● New blood sugar monitoring devices● Insulin pumps● Research continues on transplanting pancreatic

cells

Benefits of Biomedical Research: CANCER

● Gene therapy- using DNA so cells can produce therapeutic protein

● Bone Marrow transplants were introduced in 1970

● Used to treat Leukemia ● 40,000 Bone Marrow transplant each year

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Vaccines

● Developed through biomedical research● Edward Jenner-1794 Smallpox Vaccine● Louis Pasteur- 19th Century-Vaccines for

Cholera, Anthrax, Rabies ● 1921 Diphtheria Vaccine● Salk and Sabin-1950’s -Polio Vaccine● Sabin- developed Polio administered orally on a

sugar cube

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Vaccines

● Chicken pox Vaccine - Varicella in 1995● Hepatitis B in 1989 ● Hepatitis A in 1995 ● Combined Hepatitis A & B in 2001

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Chemical/Pharmaceutical

● Fluoride-many countries add to it to H2O which helps decrease tooth decay

● Louis Pasteur first to develop principles of antibiotics

● Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin (PCN)

● 1941 the first Human trials on PCN● 1972 Cyclosporine=anti-rejection drug

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Chem/Rx cont

● Monoclonal Antibodies-protein secreted by B lymphocytes produce defense against infection● used in cancer research● used in AIDS research

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Devices/Surgery

● Pacemakers 1950’s● Angioplasty 1977● Organ transplantation● 1967 1st Heart Transplant-now 2000/year● 1954 1st Kidney Transplant-now 16,000/yr● 1963 1st Liver Transplant-now 6000/yr● Corneal Transplant

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Animal Health

● Advancing Animal Healtho artificial jointso pacemakers

● Keeping Pets Healthyo Amino acid deficiency and heart failure in cats

● Helping sick animalso new surgical techniqueso cancer treatments

Benefits of Biomedical Research

● Protecting farm animals● Providing Vaccines

o Parvoviruso Rabieso Distemper

● A future for our wildlifeo In Vitro fertilization to help endangered species

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Polio Success Story

● Poliomyelitis AKA Infantile Paralysis● it attacks spinal cord and destroys nerve

cells● 1952 peak year w/ 58,000 cases● Lungs affected=Iron Lung● 1955 Salk Vaccine introduced Polio vaccine● 1961 Sabin Vaccine introduced Oral Polio w/

97% reduction in new cases

Benefits of Biomedical Research: Polio Success Story

● 1988 WHO adopts global eradication of the disease by year 2000

● 2000 ACIP recommended D/C of oral polio vaccine and replaced by IPV

● 2005 Polio cases in a Minnesota Amish community, 1st cases since vaccine was D/C’d in 2000

Benefits of Biomedical Research: AIDS

● http://www.theaidsinstitute.org/education/aids-101/where-did-hiv-come-0