Post on 24-Dec-2015
Bell Ringer-DO NOW
• Write the things you KNOW about Plants
• Write the things you WANT TO KNOW about plants
• Fill in Your DO NOW chart
DO NOW: List all the things you already Know about plants. List the things you Want or need to know about plants organs.
What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned
Plant Biology
Form and Function
What are we learning today?
Benchmark: SC.912.L.14.7 – Relate the structure
of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. AA
Objectives:Identify the major plant organsDiscuss the functions of the various
plant organs
What is the essential question?
Plants are complex multicellular organisms with many organs and structures that allow them to carry out all of life’s processes.How do these organs and structures function?
Think-Write-Pair-Share
How are plant cells different from animal cells?
What are the functions of these organelles in plants?
What are the types of cells found in plants?
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
Most abundant & least specialized
Loosely-packed, cube shaped or elongate
Large central vacuole and thin cell walls
Functions in storage and photosynthesis
Example: fleshy part of an apple or potato
Irregular in shape Thicker cell walls but
flexible to support new growth regions of the plant
Support the growing parts of plant
Example: tough strings on a celery stalk
Thick, rigid, non-stretchable cell walls
Often die at maturity leaving empty, box-like structures
Support non-growing parts of plants
Example: peach pith or nut shell
What are the types of tissues found in plants?Plant tissues are
organized into three systems: Dermal tissue is like the
“skin” of a plant in that it is the outmost layer of cells.
Vascular tissue is like the plant’s “veins,” transporting water and nutrients throughout the plantPhloem transports food and xylem transports water
Ground tissue is everything else. Ground tissue is made of cells whose cell walls have different thickness.
Root Form and FunctionTwo types of roots systems
in plants: Taproots Fibrous roots
Roots are made up of a Root cap protects the growth
zone of the root Root hairs increase water
absorption rateRoots have several functions
Anchor and support the plant Absorb water and dissolved
nutrients from the soil Store food and water.
Root Form and Function How is a taproot different from a fibrous root? What are the two main functions of roots? How does a root prevent erosion? How are the roots of most plants adapted to perform
the major root functions? How root hairs increases the ability
of a plant to absorb water from the soil the plants grows in?
Stem Form and Function
Stem shape and growth are adaptations to the environment
Stems grow in length and thickness
Stems have several functions Transport materials
between a plant’s roots and its leaves
Support leaves and other structures
Store food and water
Stem Form and Function
What are the three main functions of stems? How do the functions of a stem relate to the roots and
leaves of a plant? Describe how water is transported through a plant? What is the difference between primary and secondary
growth?
Leaf Form and Function
Main organs that carry out photosynthesis
Most leaves are flat to absorbsunlight
Leaves have small openings calledstomata (stoma) that control gasexchange and water loss. A major limitation of photosynthesis
is insufficient waterTiny structures called
guard cells control the size ofthe stomata.
Leaf Form and Function What is the function of the stomata? What is the function of guard cells? What is function of leaf veins? Would a 10 foot tree with no leaves but healthy roots
be able to move water to its top? Explain your answer. How does the thin, flat structure of leaf helps increase
the efficiency of photosynthesis? How does a leaf structure is an adaptation that allows
intake of carbon dioxide with minimal water loss?
VeinLeaf cross section
Mesophyll
CO2 O2Stomata
Seed Form and Function
Seeds are the reproductive structure that contains a plant embryo
Seeds store food that the embryo uses for germination
Seeds have a protectivecoat
Seed may contain one (monocot) or two (dicot) seed plants.
Flower Form and Function
Modified leavesReproductive structure of
angiospermsDuring pollination, pollen (the
male gamete) is transferred from the stamen to the stigma Many attract animals Others are wind pollinated
After fertilization it develops into a fruit. Aids in dispersal of seeds Delays germination Protects the seed
Cone Form and Function
Reproductive organ ofgymnosperms (“nakedseeds”) Male cones produce
sperm Female cones produce
eggs.Wind pollinatedAfter fertilization, a seed develops
Seeds are not enclosed in protective fruit.Most gymnosperms are hermaphrodites (see
picture). Why would it bear male cones on the lower branches, below the female cones?
Reproduction Form and Function How are the different part of a flower involved in
reproduction? Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant
before they germinate? Why did the development of the seed was a major
factor in the success of plants? How do the flowers of wind-pollinated plants differ
from the flowers of animal-pollinated plants? How might it be an advantage for a plant to have
many flowers together? Why might wind-pollinated plants create more
problems for allergy sufferers than animal-pollinated plants?
What is the essential question?
Plants are complex multicellular organisms with many organs and structures that allow them to carry out all of life’s processes.How do these organs and structures function?