Post on 26-Jul-2015
Educational Psychology:Theory and Practice
Chapter 5Behavioral Theories of LearningBehavioral Theories of Learning
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ISBN: 0-205-31479-1
““You often learn You often learn when you don’t when you don’t intend to learn, intend to learn, and you often and you often teach when you teach when you don’t intend to don’t intend to teach”teach”
What is Learning? A Change in Behavior as a Result of A Change in Behavior as a Result of
ExperienceExperience Examples of Learned BehaviorsExamples of Learned Behaviors Non-Examples (Unlearned Behaviors)Non-Examples (Unlearned Behaviors) Intentional LearningIntentional Learning Unintentional LearningUnintentional Learning Behavioral Theories of Learning Emphasize Behavioral Theories of Learning Emphasize
Observable BehaviorObservable Behavior
Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Give an Example of Classical Conditioning in a Classroom Setting
Can You Identify the Components in Classical Conditioning Examples?
Unconditioned StimulusUnconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned ResponseUnconditioned Response Conditioned StimulusConditioned Stimulus Conditioned ResponseConditioned Response
Thorndike: The Law of Effect
“…“…the consequences of one’s present the consequences of one’s present behavior play a crucial role in determining behavior play a crucial role in determining one’s future behavior.” (p. 144)one’s future behavior.” (p. 144)
B.F. Skinner
Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Stimulus ReinforcementResponse
Principles: Reinforcement
A Consequence That Strengthens a BehaviorA Consequence That Strengthens a Behavior Repeat: Reinforcement Strengthens a BehaviorRepeat: Reinforcement Strengthens a Behavior If the Frequency of a Behavior Increases After If the Frequency of a Behavior Increases After
a Consequence, the Consequence is a a Consequence, the Consequence is a ReinforcerReinforcer
There Are Several Types of ReinforcersThere Are Several Types of Reinforcers
Principles: Reinforcers
Primary and SecondaryPrimary and Secondary Positive and NegativePositive and Negative Free and Contingent/dependent (Premack Free and Contingent/dependent (Premack
Principle)Principle) Intrinsic(inherent) and ExtrinsicIntrinsic(inherent) and Extrinsic Continuous and Intermittent (Schedules)Continuous and Intermittent (Schedules)
Principles: Punishment
A Consequence That Weakens a BehaviorA Consequence That Weakens a Behavior Repeat: Punishment Weakens a BehaviorRepeat: Punishment Weakens a Behavior If the Frequency of a Behavior Decreases If the Frequency of a Behavior Decreases
After a Consequence, the Consequence is a After a Consequence, the Consequence is a PunisherPunisher
There Are Several Types of PunishersThere Are Several Types of Punishers
Principles: Punishers
Presentation and RemovalPresentation and Removal Time OutTime Out Effectiveness of PunishmentEffectiveness of Punishment
Can You Distinguish Between the Different Types of Behavioral Consequences?
Positive ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement Negative ReinforcementNegative Reinforcement PunishmentPunishment
Principles: Shaping
Reinforcing Reinforcing Approaching Approaching Final BehaviorFinal Behavior Breaking Task into PartsBreaking Task into Parts Using in ClassroomUsing in Classroom
Principles: Extinction
Behavior That Is Not Reinforced Will Behavior That Is Not Reinforced Will Weaken Weaken
Extinction BurstExtinction Burst Considerations In Classroom ManagementConsiderations In Classroom Management
Social Learning Theory: Bandura
ModelingModeling Phases of Observational LearningPhases of Observational Learning
Behavioral Principles in the Classroom
Avoid Over justification Effect - ZimbardoAvoid Over justification Effect - Zimbardo Guidelines on the use of Rewards – Guidelines on the use of Rewards – Give Rewards to InformGive Rewards to Inform
Rewards Should Not Be Used to ManipulateRewards Should Not Be Used to Manipulate Reward for Academic PerformanceReward for Academic Performance Reward Incentives Should Be Reward Incentives Should Be
Inconspicuous/ordinaryInconspicuous/ordinary Bribes Weaken Intrinsic MotivationBribes Weaken Intrinsic Motivation