Post on 15-Apr-2017
for the beneficial tillage
BARBELO
BarbelAgro Project…agriculture thereafter…
Web: http://www.barbelagro.org
...about the technology, the implement & the theory behind...
Our Team
Agriculture in the XXIst century
SOIL
Air4 – 40 %
Minerals43 – 45 %
Organic matter5 – 7 %
Water10 – 46 %
Soil ingredients
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/land_deg/land_deg.html
Symptoms Reasons PillsInanitio Lack of minerals Fertilizers
Intrauterin retardatio
Stress, ChemicalsEating disorders
GMO
Candida /Vermititis
BacteriasParasites
Pesticides
OedemaDehydration
Water cycle problem
SubsoilerIrrigation
Psoriasis Stress Under development
Asphyxia Dust allergy Under development
Illness? Doctor! Doctor!! …
Doctor!!!!!
Compacted layersPlough pan
Temperature
Water cycle
Air / Wind
Soil qualityand quantity
Reduced organic matter
Agricultural problems
Accretion of Carbon loss
Growing wind erosion
Increasing soil stress
Accumulating compaction
Reducing soil organic matter
Intensification of soil degradation
Image source: http://www.canstockphoto.com/illustration/pyramid-scheme.html
Several soil working phases
Open soilsurface
Ploughdisk & weight
Dust
Soil working problems
Intensification of soil degradation
Increasing agricultural energyconsumption
Destroyed water-, air- and temperature cycles
http://slideplayer.hu/slide/2146069/
Amplified humus decomposing processes
Slowed microbial activity, water & nutrient intake
Decreasing organic fertilizer decom-position efficiency
Com
pact
ion
& p
loug
h pa
n
Higher exposure erosion & deflation
Effects of compaction
“The water balance of the soil defines the air - and heat management, the biological activity
and - through them – also the nutrient management of the soil.”
Prof. György Várallyay
Hungarian Science Academy
RainIrrigation
100 %
Evapotranspiration ~ 35-40 %
Infiltration ~ 50 %
Interflow & deep infiltration ~ 4 - 40 %
Stored ~ 10 – 46 %
Runoff ~ 10 - 15 %
Source: Dr. Fekete Zoltán, http://erdeszetilapok.oszk.hu/00189/pdf/EL_1957_02_58-62.pdfhttp://salem.njaes.rutgers.edu/nre/agriculture/agriculture.htmLdr. Sebestyén Endre, http://www.agraragazat.hu/cikk/aszalykar-vizhiany-talajhiba-helytelen-agrotechnikahttp://water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/wcinfiltrationsoilzone.gif
Well balanced water cycle
Indisponablewater
2 – 33 %
Soil-stored water
10 – 46 %
Disponablewater
8 – 16 %
+
Image source: http://www.ag.unr.edu/nowak/NRES%20406/Spring15/Feb23_2015_EnvRsp_II_HOs.pdfData source: Dr. Varga Csaba, http://zeus.nyf.hu/~tkgt/okse/tatata08/tata0811.pdf
=
Well-balanced water storage
Disponable water (available)
Indisponable water(unavailable)
Gravitation water
Capillary water
Ground water / Water table
Adsorpted (physically bonded) water
Chemically bonded water
Biologically bonded water
Source: http://www.pkkft.hu/agrarium/eloadas/nov2.pdf
Types of soil-stored water
RainIrrigation
100 %
Evapotranspiration ~ 35-40 %
Infiltration ~ 50 %
Interflow & deep infiltration ~ 4 - 40 %
Stored ~ 5 – 31 %
Runoff ~ 10 - 15 %
Source: Dr. Fekete Zoltán, http://erdeszetilapok.oszk.hu/00189/pdf/EL_1957_02_58-62.pdfhttp://geography.hu/mfk2012/pdf/Rakonczai_Janos.pdfhttp://water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/wcinfiltrationsoilzone.gif
compaction
- 50-67 % decreasing
{+ 5 - 15 %increasing
Water cycle problems
Misbalanced water cycle
Intensification of soil degradation
Growing water erosion
Shrinking water table level
Decreasing infiltration depth
Diminishing soil permeability
Destroyed water cycle
Image source: http://www.canstockphoto.com/illustration/pyramid-scheme.html
Com
pact
ion
& pl
ough
pan
Water cycle problems
http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/images/g01509art01.jpghttp://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~wxcheng/envs23/lecture9/Erosion_process.jpg
+ Inland water
Various water erosion types
http://cdn.szeged.hu/media/.thumbs/belviz/644_belviz10.jpeghttp://www.agraragazat.hu/sites/default/files/styles/cikkkep/public/trakt_belviz.jpg?itok=aQDPwMblhttp://hirado.cms.mtv.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2015/02/DROTI20150209010.jpg
Inland water / inundation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242194191_A_belviz-veszelyeztetettseg_talajtani_osszefuggesei_a_Bekes-Csanadi_loszhaton
Constant or slightly changing factors
* relief
* soil conditions
* geological conditions
Time-varying meteorological and hydrological factors
Human interventions
* agricultural interventions
(compacted layers & pans)
* drainage canals
* land use
* melioration
* town planning (sewer)
Why inland inundation appears?
Upper 1 m of soil in Hungary ideally: - could infiltrate 35-45 km3 water - could store 25-35 km3 water
Compacted soil – 30 cm from upper surface in Hungary: - infiltrates 21-27 km3 water -60 % - stores 18-25 km3 water -30 %
Average annual rainfall – 50-55 km3 !
Rough estimated difference
14 – 18 km3
http://www.mdpi.com/entropy/entropy-17-04454/article_deploy/html/images/entropy-17-04454f1-1024.png
Effect of compaction on water cycle in Hungary...
Where that water is going?
http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/H2O-On-the-Go/Sci-Media/Images/The-water-cycle
Image source: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MEDIA/nrcs142p2_049821.jpg
http://data.worldbank.org
Uruguay 82 %Saudi Arabia 81 %Kazakhstan 80 %
46 %
19 %
31 %
34 %41 %
31 %
Agricultural land areas
Tillage
NO Tillage
ContinentLand area
[M ha]
Agricultural land
[M ha]
Degraded agricultural land
[M ha]
Percentage [%]
Europe 1050,8 433,20 18,29 4,22
Asia 4441,1 1522,21 138,86 9,12
Africa 3031,9 1399,95 116,26 8,3
North-America 2151,5 412,36 47,54 11,53
South-America 2056,6 640,39 20,72 3,24
Australia 851,0 263,47 4,8 1,82
https://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/desert/global_2.html
...fo
od fo
r
346,
47 m
illio
n
hum
ans.
..
Soil degradation & causes
Image source: http://www.fao.org/nr/lada/gladis/gladis_db/downl.php
“I am pessimistic about the human race because it is too ingenious for its own good. Our approach to nature is to beat it into submission. We would stand a better chance of survival if we accommodated ourselves to this planet and viewed it appreciatively, instead of skeptically and
dictatorially.”
(E.B. White)
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tillage-what-metin-kaan-uygunt%C3%BCzel
Main tillage technologies
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/4/4/938/htmhttp://www.advancefarming.com/image/tractor_graphic_for_threat.jpg
Tillage machinery
TillageTillage
Reduced Reduced TillageTillage
NO NO TillageTillage
BARBELOBARBELO
today
aftertomorrow
Our role in the agricultural pyramid
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/4/4/938/htm
Soil fertilitySoil erosion regulation
Wind erosion regulation
Biodiversity
Sustainable Agri. Value
Food Forage
Weed control
Pest regulation
Soil moisture retention
Climate regulation
0
5
Tillage QA & QC
Barbelo-technology
0-1
0
10
-20
20
-30
30
-40
40
-50
50
-60
60
-70
70
-80
80
-90
90
-10
0
10
0-1
10
11
0-1
20
12
0-1
30
13
0-1
40
14
0-1
50
15
0-1
60
16
0-1
70
17
0-1
80
18
0-1
90
19
0-2
00
20
0-3
00
30
0-4
00
40
0-5
00
>5
00
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Fertilizers (ton/1000 ha) Power (Fertilizers (ton/1000 ha))
Total amount of fertilizers [ton / 1000 ha]
Nu
mb
er
of c
ou
ntr
ies
Usage of fertilizers worldwide in 2010
Data source: http://faostat3.fao.org
AVG: 126.69 kg / ha (94.51 kg / ha)STDEV: 434.52RANGE: 5117 (!)
TOP 3 Qatar: 5117.5 Trinidad and Tobago: 1536.68 New Zealand: 1096.96
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
11-1
2
12-1
3
13-1
4
14-1
5
15-1
6
>16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Number of countries Power (Number of countries)
Pesticides used 1990-2010 [ton / 1000 ha]
Nu
mb
er
of c
ou
ntr
ies
Usage of pesticides worldwide 1990-2010
AVG: 3.99 kg / haSTDEV: 343.52RANGE: 68
Data source: http://faostat3.fao.org
TOP 3 Bahamas: 68.36 Mauritius: 31.02 Barbados: 27.94
Cumulated amount of agrochemicals
World average agrochems130.68 kg / ha
Unexploited avg pesticides*3.59 kg / ha
*http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/szemle/55_f.htm
Epigenetic trans-generation inheritance
Fetal deathSerious human health issues
Air pollution
Water pollution worldwide
Mis balanced (soil) fauna
Image source: http://www.canstockphoto.com/illustration/pyramid-scheme.html
Hum
anki
nd
Effects of pesticides
Unknown synergy effectsEnvironmental mutations
Agrochemicals cycle
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/wat3350
Compaction
More compactionMore pesticidesMore fertilizers
Global warming Desertification
Hunger
Water pollution
Climate change Flood
Consequences if we won't do anything
“Farm machinery needs to be intelligent, lean, precise and efficient in order to
minimize the impact on the soil and the landscape.”
FAO, 2014
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/212184/icode/
...complicated &
difficult...
...to understand, properly select and use different machines and technologies
...ineffective&
expensive...
...too many machines and processes, more-and-more agrochemicals, less profits
...unsustainable&
destructive...
...causing climate and human catastrophe while destroying “food peel” of our world killing the future of our grandchildren
Being a farmer could be...
Brand new tillage equipment and technology
One machine is enough doing all soil working
1 StressStep instead of many
1 step preparing ideal seedbed from the straw covered topsoil breaking
compacted layers & plough/disk pans
Helps healing the soil with giving back homogeneously the straw
Barbelo's features
● prepares a homogeneous, 20-50 cm seedbed-quality soil by cutting and mixing a straw-covered topsoil in a single operation in the whole working depth (20-50 cm)
● Barbelo breaks existing compacted layers & pans within the working depth without causing additional soil compaction
● small energy consumption● makes minimal amount of dust due to tillage● causes minimal stress to the soil● could raise foreign objects out of the soil without any serious damage of the implement● quasi-independent on the weather● decreases the effect of water erosion including inland inundation● minimizes carbon-loss closing the soil immediately● reduces weediness● with homogeneously mixed organic fertilizer it helps naturally to get the soil balance
again (water-, air- and heat management & organic matter)● gives higher yields● after the process the optimized crumbly structure of the soil will be kept● customizable for different crops and tillage systems
Why the Barbelo-technology is beneficial?
Profitable - reduced investment & higher yields
Efficient - less work & more time
Beneficial – healing the soil
Sustainablehttp://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0369/6129/products/detach_stack.jpeg?v=1391958789
Flexible - adaptable/customizable to different cultivates & tillage systems
Barbelo-technology's benefits
In 2012, the first Barbelo prototype was tested in a comparative trial with conventional tillage farming in a corn field in Hungary.
Testing results
Corn yields
Conventional: 3.5 tons/haBarbelo: 5.3 tons/ha
Patent application (HU)
Hungarian Novelty Report
26th December 2015
22nd March 2016
18th April 2016Technology design & image
(webpage, presentations)
Year 2016Meetings in order to build the network
Current situation
Patent Application
Applied in December 2015 in Hungary
SubjectAgricultural soil working machine & technology described by ● 35 claims● 31 drawings
Hungarian Novelty Report
Received on 22nd of March 2016, referred 6 patent documentation dated between 1943-2012 mainly in other fields
Official analysis: Novelty: 24 claims out of 35 Applicability: 35 claims out of 35 Inventability: none out of 35
Looking forward for...
● manufacturing partners in order to produce Barbelo● Research Institutes and Universities (professors, PhD's,
researchers, PhD candidates) willing to cooperate in testing processes analyzing all of the effects of Barbelo
● governments & ministries responsible for agriculture & environment
● farmers interested in sustainable agricultural practices
● foundations working for a better world● non-governmental organizations● etc...
TillageReduced Tillage
NO Tillage