Authors in World History

Voorhees

Who wrote the Koran?

Muhammad the Prophet

What religion did Muhammad found?

Islam

Name the Renaissance writer

best known for writing sonnets.

Shakespeare

Northern Renaissance-

England

What is a sonnet?

A 14 line poem -

(very popular in the Renaissance)

Who wrote the Renaissance book In Praise of Folly?

Erasmus

Why did Erasmus write In Praise of

Folly?

It criticized abuses in the

Catholic Church

A “folly” is a mistake

Erasmus harassed the Catholic Church

Who wrote the 95 Theses?

Church door in Wittenberg

Martin Luther

Luther lived in the northern German

states of the Holy Roman Empire

Why did Martin Luther write the

95 Theses?

A list of 95 statements criticizing the Catholic Church

Name three famous plays Shakespeare wrote.

Macbeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet

Who wrote Don Quixote?

Cervantes

Cervantes was from Spain

What was Don Quixote about?

Its hero is generally seen as a universal symbol of idealists on impossible quests for goodness.

What was significant about Don Quixote?

It was the first novel!

(novel= fiction=

not a true story)

What Age of Enlightenment

book did Thomas Hobbes write?

Leviathan

A Leviathan is a huge “sea monster”

What did Hobbes argue was the best form of government in Leviathan?

absolutism

The Leviathan, or sea monster, represents the all powerful government Hobbes believed exist

to avoid chaosHobbes absolute ruler

Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government?

John Locke

A. What did Locke argue was the best form of Government?

B. Why?

A. democracy

B. Locke believed in democracy because he argued the people were SOVEREIGN (the people have ultimate power)

What three rights did Locke say the Government MUST

protect?

Life, liberty, and property

What affects did John Locke have on the United States?

He influenced the Declaration of Independence.

“among these

rights are life,

liberty, and the

pursuit of

happiness”

- T. Jefferson

Who wrote The Spirit of Laws?

Baron de Montesquieu

Montesquieu was from France

“Liberty is the right to do everything which the laws

allow.”-Montesquieu

(from L'Esprit des lois)

What idea about the structure of government did Montesquieu

express in Spirit?

“separation of powers”

(3 branches of government)

Why did Montesquieu advocate “separation

of powers”?

In order to avoid one person gaining all the

power

(NO ABSOLUTISM!)

If Montesqueiu is AGAINST absolutism,

then which thinker does he disagree with?

ThomasHobbes

A Leviathan: The absolute

government

What affect did Montesquieu have on the United States?

Montesquieu influenced the U.S. Constitution

The Constitution sets up three branches of

Government, just as Montesquieu recommended.

What was Voltaire famous

for saying?

“I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right

to say it”

What does this quote defend?

Freedom of speech and

religion

Who wrote the Social Contract?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

What does Rousseau say about “The

Social (or society’s) Contract?”

It is a contract between the people and their rulers

What does Rousseau say should happen if

this contract is broken by the

rulers?

The people should rebel!

The Storming of BastilleLiberty leading the

People

by Delacroix

List the Five Enlightenment

writers/thinkers

5 Enlightenment thinkers:

1. Thomas Hobbes

2. John Locke

3. Baron de Montesquieu

4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

5. Voltaire

A. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

B. Which Enlightenment thinker influenced it the most?

A. Thomas Jefferson

B. John Locke

Who wrote the Wealth of Nations?

Adam SmithYeah me.

What did the Wealth of Nations

defend?

It defended capitalism--freedom to buy and sell as you please

Smith said this created wealth even though no one controls it.

A. What did Karl Marx Write?

B. Who helped him write it?

A. Communist ManifestoB. Frederick Engels

What new ideas did Marx introduce in the Communist

Manifesto?

Communism and Socialism

What did communism and socialism attempt to correct?

the bad conditions and unequal incomes of the Industrial Revolution

Describe a communist society

Equal wages for all workers; common property--no right to own property!

Common farms Equal wages in all jobs

Soviet Harvest

What two groups did Marx say are always in conflict?

The Proletariat and the Bourgeoisie

A proletariat ready to revolt

A. Who are the Proletariat?

B. Who are the Bourgeoisie?

A. The Proletariat are the workers (factories, mines)

B. The Bourgeoisie are the middle class

(owners and managers)

What did Marx predict would happen

between the Proletariat and Bourgeoisie?

The Proletariat would revolt, overthrow the

Bourgeoisie, take control of the factories, and create communism

Given Marx’s belief in communism, who would have been the

person MOST opposite of Marx?

Adam SmithHe defended

capitalism, which Karl Marx said caused bad

conditions and unequal wages

for the Proletariat

What book did Adolf Hitler

write?

Mein Kampf“My Struggle”

Hitler laid out his plan for Germany and his

hatred of Jews

one more!WHO IS THIS MAN?

•5th-century BC Greek historian•provided information about ancient Greece, North Africa, and the Middle East. •traveled extensively throughout the Mediterranean world. •“Father of History” •produced a narrative compilation of his findings, entitled History

father of history

Herodotus