Prepared and Presented by: M. YAHYA AHMADCollege of Education and Allied Programs, PCU Manila

AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMSAUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMS

Australia in the World Map

Map of Australia

Some of Education Legal Basis and its Revisions

National Vocational Education and Training Regulator Act 2011 Vocational Education and Training (Commonwealth Powers)

Act 2010 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2009 Higher Education Amendment Act 2008 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2005 Vocational Education and Training Act 2005 Higher Education Support Act 2003 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2002 Higher Education Act 2001 No 102 Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 Higher Education Act 1988

Education in Australia has been the responsibility of the following departments: Department of Education, Employment and Training

(DEET) (1987) Department of Employment, Education, Training and

Youth Affairs (DEETYA) (1996) Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs

(DETYA) (1997) Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST)

(2001) Department of Education, Employment and

Workplace Relations (DEEWR) (2007)

Responsibility of Education

Public and Private Education Government

Government (or state) schools are run by the respective state government.

Government schools (also known as public schools) are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents,

They offer free education; however, many schools ask parents to pay a voluntary contribution fee They can be divided into two categories: open and selective

school The open schools accept all students from their government-

defined catchment areas, and teach using the CSF Selective government schools are considered more

prestigious than open government schools because they have high entrance requirements and cater to a much larger area

Private Private schools can also be divided into two

groups. Religious systems of education are operated by the

Anglican, Lutheran, Roman Catholic denominations Independent schools, which are largely Protestant

grammar schools. There are also a few Jewish and Islamic schools and a

significant number of independent Montessori schools. Catholic and Independent schools usually charge

attendance fees. However in addition to attendance fees;

stationery, textbooks, uniforms, school camps and other schooling costs are not covered under government funding. T

Public and Private Education

government66%

non-government34%

Education JurisdictionsEducation Jurisdictions

Year(s) In School 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Kindergarten Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Kindergarten Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Transition Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Preparatory Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Reception Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Preparatory Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Preparatory Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Pre-Primary Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12

Primary School High School Australian Capital Territory College

Primary School New South Wales High School College

Primary School Northern Territory Middle School High School

Queensland Primary School High School

Junior primary school South AustraliaPrimary school Secondary School/High School

Primary School Tasmania

CollegeHigh School

Victoria Primary School Secondary School VCE

Primary School Western Australia

High School

Technical and Further Education

University Private Education and Training

Doctoral Degree Associate DiplomaMasters Degree

Graduate Certificate

Bachelor Degree (with Honours)Bachelor Degree

17-18 1216-17 1115-16 1014-15 913-14 812-13 711-12 610-11 59-10 48-9 37-8 25-7 1

3-4/4-5 Pre School

Primary Education

Primary School

Kindergarten/Preparatory/Transition

GradesAge

Advanced Certificate DiplomaAssociate Diploma ;

Advanced Certificate; Certificate (Business,

Computer)

Tertiary Education

Secondary Education

Senior High School; Senior Colleges

Junior High School

Breakdown of SchoolsBreakdown of Schools

Primary Secondary

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) Minister for School Education, Early Childhood

and Youth Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations Minister for Employment Participation Minister for Early Childhood and Childcare Minister for Indigenous Employment and

Economic Development Parliamentary Secretary for School Education and

Workplace Relations

Responsibility of Education

Responsibility of Education Primarily the responsibility of the states

and territories State or territory government provides

funding and regulates the public and private schools within its governing area

The federal government helps fund the public universities, but is not involved in setting curriculum

Allocation of Responsibility The Commonwealth Grant Scheme : for a

specified number of Commonwealth supported places each year;

The Higher Education Loan Programme (HELP): arrangements providing financial assistance to students;

The Commonwealth Scholarships; Grants for specific purposes: including quality,

learning and teaching, research and research training programmes

The Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST):

Pre-schools are usually run by the State and Territory Governments, except in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales where they are more often run by local councils, community groups or private organisations

Responsibility for pre-schools in New South Wales and Victoria, lies with the Department of Community Services and the Department of Human Services, respectively.[

n all other states and territories of Australia, responsibility for pre-schools lie with the relevant education department

Pre-school

Pre-school Pre-school (also known as Kindergarten in

some states and territories) is relatively unregulated, and is not compulsory. Traditional parenting is day care or a parent-

run playgroup Pre-school education is separate from

primary school in all states and territories, except Western Australia and Queensland where pre-school education is taught as part of the primary school system.[

Pre-school Pre-schools are usually run by the State and

Territory Governments, except in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales where they are more often run by local councils, community groups or private organisations.

Pre-school is offered to three- to five-year-olds; Responsibility for pre-schools in New South Wales

and Victoria, lies with the Department of Community Services and the Department of Human Services, respectively.

In all other states and territories of Australia, responsibility for pre-schools lie with the relevant education department.

At the moment quality standards across early childhood education and care services vary across Australia and there is often limited information available to help families choose the best service for their children

Pre-school

The Council of Australian Governments (COAG),

Through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), every State and Territory government and the Commonwealth have endorsed two National Partnership Agreements: An Indigenous Early Childhood National

Partnership Agreement A National Partnership Agreement on Early

Childhood Education, which provides for $970 million in Australian Government funding to ensure that by 2013

COAG has initiated action to: address early childhood workforce issues establish a national Early Years Learning

Framework create a national approach to quality and

regulation of early childhood education and child care

improve data and performance information in early childhood

develop a national early childhood development strategy

The Council of Australian Governments (COAG),

Primary and Secondary Education School education in Australia is

compulsory between certain ages as specified by state or territory legislation.

Depending on the state or territory, and date of birth of the child, school is compulsory from the age of five to six to the age of fifteen to seventeen.

Government schools educate about two-thirds of Australian students,

the other third in independent schools, a proportion which is rising in many parts of Australia.

Government schools are free although most schools charge what are known as "voluntary contributions" or "Tax Levies“

Independent schools, both religious and secular, charge fees as well as levies.

All school required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks.

Primary and Secondary Education

Primary EducationPrimary Education

Children are grouped in similar age groups Only one teacher for all subjects, excluding

specialist subjects (e.g. Music, LOTE) No examination requirements, however

required to undertake some benchmark testing at Year 3 & 5

Children progress on teacher’s recommendation

No standard examination at end of primary school

All students are accepted into secondary school on completion of final year of primary school (age - 11 or 12)

Primary EducationPrimary Education - Early - Early YearsYears Emphasis on developing:

Literacy skills Numeracy skills Understanding of community/society Health and physical education skills Creative activities including music and

art

Primary EducationPrimary Education - Upper - Upper YearsYears Further development of skills learnt in

early years Development of simple research and

investigative skills Study of English, mathematics, social

studies, health, science and technology, physical education

Music, LOTE, library, art, IT and religious education are an option at most schools

Common Ages

Primary Grade/Year 1: 5–7 year olds Grade/Year 2: 7–8 year olds Grade/Year 3: 8–9 year olds Grade/Year 4: 9–10 year olds Grade/Year 5: 10–11 year olds Grade/Year 6: 11–12 year olds Grade/Year 7: 12–13 year olds (QLD, SA,

WA)

Secondary Year 7: 12–13 year olds (ACT, NSW, TAS,

VIC) (Middle School NT) Year 8: 13–14 year olds Year 9: 14–15 year olds Year 10: 15–16 year olds (High School NT) Year 11: 16–17 year olds ("College" ACT,

TAS) Year 12: 17–19 year olds

Common Ages

Secondary Education - Secondary Education - GeneralGeneral Begins with Year 7 or 8 (depending on

State or Territory) Most commonly comprehensive All students study English Curriculum is generally considered

Middle School - Years 5 to 8

Secondary Education – Secondary Education – GeneralGeneral

Some specialist secondary schools (technology, languages, performing arts, agriculture, sports or creative arts)

Each day is divided into periods of 40-60 minutes

Teachers usually specialise in two methods (e.g. English and Social Studies)

Students move from room to room according to timetable

Secondary Education Secondary Education - to Year - to Year 1010

Progress to further years is usually based on age and class requirements rather than examinations

Students normally take 8 or 9 subjects per year

Learning accomplished through a variety of methods Investigation, experimentation and

participation rather than memory

Secondary Education - to Year 10Secondary Education - to Year 10

Division into lower or junior secondary and upper or senior secondary

Lower/junior secondary General program undertaken by all

students Upper secondary

Ability to choose from core group of subjects and have options of electives

Senior Secondary EducationSenior Secondary EducationYear 11 and 12Year 11 and 12 Progress in senior secondary (i.e. Year

11 &12) is usually based on examinations and class work

Years 11 & 12 offer several types of programs to prepare students for future study/employment (State and Territory dependent e.g. VCE in Victoria)

Completion of Year 12 represents 13 years of education for the majority of students

Senior Secondary EducationSenior Secondary EducationYear 11 and 12Year 11 and 12 Other study programs available like

Vocational Education and Training (VET) Offers vocational training and industry

accredited training as part of final year certificate

Not all subjects/VET programs are suitable for admission to University

Students study English plus 4 or 5 elective subjects

Secondary School CertificationEach State and Territories has its own format of Year 12 Matriculation: Australian Capital Territory: ACT Year 12 Certificate South Australia: South Australian Matriculation / South Australian

Certificate of Education (SAM/SACE) Northern Territory: Senior Secondary Studies Certificate / Northern

Territory Certificate of Education (NTCE) Queensland: Queensland Certificate of Education (QCE) New South Wales: Higher School Certificate (HSC) Tasmania: Tasmanian Certificate of Education (TCE) Victoria: Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) or Victorian Certificate

of Applied Learning (VCAL) Western Australia: Western Australian Certificate of Education (WACE)

Tertiary Education Both private and public universities: 36 public,

2 Catholic and 1 Non-profit Private universities Admissions by Australian citizens to public and

Catholic universities in Australia are based on the prospective student's academic achievement

Admission to the private university, is dependent on a student’s ability to pay tuition fees as well as academic achievement and "one on one" interviews with admission officers (the only university in Australasia to do this for all students).

Tertiary Education Divided into two main types - those offered by

industry and those by tertiary institutions VET - Vocational Education and Training (Industry) Higher Education (Institution)

VET is competency based and offers programs under National Training Framework

Higher education offers programs leading to bachelor degrees

Varying entrance requirements Students are ranked state and national wide Each state has its own ranking scheme

Tertiary EducationTertiary EducationInternational Students Australia ranks third in the English-

speaking world behind the USA and Britain as an international student destination

Students are attracted by the excellence of education and training standard, Australian lifestyle

National legislation covering quality and financial standards for those in Australia on student visas

Fees range from AUD$12,000-25,000 per annum

Higher Education The higher education sector in Australia is made

up of universities and other higher education institutions – or higher education providers.

A higher education provider is a body that is established or recognised by or under the law of the Australian Government, a State, the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory.

The provider has to be approved by the Australian Government Minister for Education before it can receive grants or its students can receive assistance from the Australian Government under the Higher Education Support Act 2003 (HESA).  

Responsibilities for higher education The DEEWR is the Australian Government

Department with responsibility for administering funding and for developing and administering higher education policy and programs.

Decision-making, regulation and governance for higher education are shared among the Australian Government, the State and Territory Governments and the institutions themselves

Some aspects of higher education are the responsibility of States and Territories.

Higher Education Systems

Fundamental contribution to the future of Australia, and plays a vital role in Australia’s intellectual, economic, cultural and social development. Educates future professional workforce, Creates future leaders, Provides jobs for Australians, Drives much of our economic and regional

success, and Facilitates cultural and trade links with other

countries

Higher Education Support Act 2003 to support a higher education system

that: is characterised by quality, diversity and

equity of access; and contributes to the development of cultural

and intellectual life in Australia; and is appropriate to meet Australia’s social and

economic needs for a highly educated and skilled population; and

to support the distinctive purposes of universities, which are: the education of persons, enabling them to

take a leadership role in the intellectual, cultural, economic and social development of their communities; and

the creation and advancement of knowledge; and

the application of knowledge and discoveries to the betterment of communities in Australia and internationally;

Higher Education Support Act 2003

to strengthen Australia’s knowledge base, and enhance the contribution of Australia’s research capabilities to national economic development, international competitiveness and the attainment of social goals; and

to support students undertaking higher education.

Higher Education Support Act 2003

Type of Programs & Qualifications Undergraduate

Bachelor Degree Bachelor Degree (with Honours) Undergraduate Diplomas Associate Diplomas

Postgraduate Masters Degrees Doctoral Degrees Graduate Diplomas Graduate Certificates

Tuition Fee ( In Aus $ )Undergraduate

Courses Annual Tuition FeeBachelor degree - Non lab based courses (programmes in arts, business, economics and law) A$ 10,000 - $ 13,500

Laboratory based - Bachelor degree courses (science & engineering programmes) A$ 11,000 - $ 16,500

PostgraduateCourses Annual Tuition Fee

Graduate Certificates / Graduate Diplomas A $ 9,000 - $ 16,000Masters degree courses Doctoral degree programmes A $ 11,000 - $ 18,500MBA A $ 15,000 - $ 30,000

THE CURRICULUM Regardless of whether a school is government

or private, it is regulated by the same curriculum standards frameworkt heir state or territory.

Most schools, government and private, enforce a uniform or dress code, although there are varying expectations.

The curriculum framework however provides for some flexibility in the syllabus, so that subjects such as religious education can be taught.

ACADEMIC YEAR The academic year in Australia varies

between states and institutions, but generally runs from late January/early February until mid-December for primary and secondary schools,

Slight variations in the inter-term holidays and TAFE colleges, and from late February until mid-November for universities with seasonal holidays and breaks for each educational institute.

Academic Grading Schools

Australian primary and secondary schools are currently migrating to a common reporting and assessment format.

Primary and secondary education is the responsibility of the states.

The grading system is now structured as follows, though the percentages are only an approximate guide

Grade Percentile A (Very High Achievement) 85 and

above B (High Achievement) 70-84 C (Sound Achievement) 50-69 D (Low/Limited Achievement - Fail) 25-49 E (Very Low/Limited Achievement - Fail) 0-24

Academic Grading

Australian universities issue results for each subject based on the following gradings

ACU, ACS, Adelaide, Bond, Canberra, CQU, CSU,

Flinders, MQ, Newcastle, QUT, Swinburne, SCU,UNE, UniSA, UNSW, USyd, UOW,

UTS, UWS

UWA, ANU, Curtin, Deakin, ECU, Monash, Murdoch, RMIT, UTAS,

VU

USQ La Trobe Melbourne

10095-9990-9485-8980-84

75-79 Second Class Honours Div A (H2A)

70-74Second Class Honours

Div B (H2B)

65-69 Third Class Honours (H3)

60-6455-5950-54

<50 Fail (N) Fail (N)Fail (F, FNP, FNS, FNC

or FLW)Fail (N) Fail (N)

Pass (P)

First Class Honours (H1)

High Distinction (HD) A

A

B

C

B

C

C

High Distinction (HD) High Distinction (HD

Distinction (D)

Credit (C)

Pass (P)

Distiction (D)

Credit (C)

Pass (P)

Academic Grading

Grade point average

GradeCSU, SCU

USQ Monash Macquarie Bond, RMIT FlindersUWS, QUT,

Griffith,UTS UWA Adelaide

High Distinction 5 7 4 4 4 7 7 4 7 7

Distinction 4 6 3 4 3 6 6 3.5 6 6

Credit 3 5 2 3 2 5 5 2.5 5 5

Pass 2 4 1 2 1 4 4 1.5 4 4Conceded Pass / Near Pass / Fail

Level 11 3 0.7 1 0 n/a 3 0.5 4 3

Fail 0 2 0.3 0 0 0 2 0.5 0 1.5

Withdrawn Fail 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

National Quality Framework

The National Quality Framework aims to raise quality and drive continuous improvement and consistency in education and care services through: a national legislative framework a National Quality Standard a national quality rating and assessment

process a new national body called the Australian

Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority

National legislative framework the Education and Care Services National

Law the Education and Care Services National

Regulations.

National Quality Framework

National Quality Standard

The National Quality Standard sets a new national benchmark for the quality of education and care services.The National Quality Standard aims to promote:

the safety, health and wellbeing of children a focus on achieving outcomes for children

through high-quality educational programs families’ understanding of what distinguishes a

quality service.

National Quality Standard

The National Quality Standard is divided into seven Quality Areas:

Educational program and practice Children’s health and safety Physical environment Staffing arrangements Relationships with children Collaborative partnerships with families and

communities Leadership and service management.

At primary and secondary level government schools educate the majority of students.

The major part of their costs is met by the relevant State or Territory government.

Private schools, both religious or secular (the latter often with specialisations), may charge higher fees.

SCHOOL SUPPORTIVE FUNDING

SCHOOL SUPPORTIVE FUNDING

The national government provides funding for all Universities in Australia (full fee): Domestic students in a non-Commonwealth

Supported Place are not usually subject to up-front fees

Government subsidies to the cost of tertiary education,

Students have the option of deferring their financial contributions to their education completely via the Commonwealth Supported Students scheme.

Students in a non-CSP, must pay all upfront fees, which are typically greater than a standard Commonwealth Supported Students debt, usually undertaken to reduce academic entrance requirements.