AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMS
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Transcript of AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMS
Prepared and Presented by: M. YAHYA AHMADCollege of Education and Allied Programs, PCU Manila
AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMSAUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMS
Australia in the World Map
Map of Australia
Some of Education Legal Basis and its Revisions
National Vocational Education and Training Regulator Act 2011 Vocational Education and Training (Commonwealth Powers)
Act 2010 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2009 Higher Education Amendment Act 2008 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2005 Vocational Education and Training Act 2005 Higher Education Support Act 2003 Statute Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2002 Higher Education Act 2001 No 102 Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 Higher Education Act 1988
Education in Australia has been the responsibility of the following departments: Department of Education, Employment and Training
(DEET) (1987) Department of Employment, Education, Training and
Youth Affairs (DEETYA) (1996) Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs
(DETYA) (1997) Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST)
(2001) Department of Education, Employment and
Workplace Relations (DEEWR) (2007)
Responsibility of Education
Public and Private Education Government
Government (or state) schools are run by the respective state government.
Government schools (also known as public schools) are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents,
They offer free education; however, many schools ask parents to pay a voluntary contribution fee They can be divided into two categories: open and selective
school The open schools accept all students from their government-
defined catchment areas, and teach using the CSF Selective government schools are considered more
prestigious than open government schools because they have high entrance requirements and cater to a much larger area
Private Private schools can also be divided into two
groups. Religious systems of education are operated by the
Anglican, Lutheran, Roman Catholic denominations Independent schools, which are largely Protestant
grammar schools. There are also a few Jewish and Islamic schools and a
significant number of independent Montessori schools. Catholic and Independent schools usually charge
attendance fees. However in addition to attendance fees;
stationery, textbooks, uniforms, school camps and other schooling costs are not covered under government funding. T
Public and Private Education
government66%
non-government34%
Education JurisdictionsEducation Jurisdictions
Year(s) In School 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Kindergarten Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Kindergarten Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Transition Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Preparatory Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Reception Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Preparatory Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Preparatory Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Pre-Primary Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12
Primary School High School Australian Capital Territory College
Primary School New South Wales High School College
Primary School Northern Territory Middle School High School
Queensland Primary School High School
Junior primary school South AustraliaPrimary school Secondary School/High School
Primary School Tasmania
CollegeHigh School
Victoria Primary School Secondary School VCE
Primary School Western Australia
High School
Technical and Further Education
University Private Education and Training
Doctoral Degree Associate DiplomaMasters Degree
Graduate Certificate
Bachelor Degree (with Honours)Bachelor Degree
17-18 1216-17 1115-16 1014-15 913-14 812-13 711-12 610-11 59-10 48-9 37-8 25-7 1
3-4/4-5 Pre School
Primary Education
Primary School
Kindergarten/Preparatory/Transition
GradesAge
Advanced Certificate DiplomaAssociate Diploma ;
Advanced Certificate; Certificate (Business,
Computer)
Tertiary Education
Secondary Education
Senior High School; Senior Colleges
Junior High School
Breakdown of SchoolsBreakdown of Schools
Primary Secondary
Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) Minister for School Education, Early Childhood
and Youth Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations Minister for Employment Participation Minister for Early Childhood and Childcare Minister for Indigenous Employment and
Economic Development Parliamentary Secretary for School Education and
Workplace Relations
Responsibility of Education
Responsibility of Education Primarily the responsibility of the states
and territories State or territory government provides
funding and regulates the public and private schools within its governing area
The federal government helps fund the public universities, but is not involved in setting curriculum
Allocation of Responsibility The Commonwealth Grant Scheme : for a
specified number of Commonwealth supported places each year;
The Higher Education Loan Programme (HELP): arrangements providing financial assistance to students;
The Commonwealth Scholarships; Grants for specific purposes: including quality,
learning and teaching, research and research training programmes
The Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST):
Pre-schools are usually run by the State and Territory Governments, except in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales where they are more often run by local councils, community groups or private organisations
Responsibility for pre-schools in New South Wales and Victoria, lies with the Department of Community Services and the Department of Human Services, respectively.[
n all other states and territories of Australia, responsibility for pre-schools lie with the relevant education department
Pre-school
Pre-school Pre-school (also known as Kindergarten in
some states and territories) is relatively unregulated, and is not compulsory. Traditional parenting is day care or a parent-
run playgroup Pre-school education is separate from
primary school in all states and territories, except Western Australia and Queensland where pre-school education is taught as part of the primary school system.[
Pre-school Pre-schools are usually run by the State and
Territory Governments, except in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales where they are more often run by local councils, community groups or private organisations.
Pre-school is offered to three- to five-year-olds; Responsibility for pre-schools in New South Wales
and Victoria, lies with the Department of Community Services and the Department of Human Services, respectively.
In all other states and territories of Australia, responsibility for pre-schools lie with the relevant education department.
At the moment quality standards across early childhood education and care services vary across Australia and there is often limited information available to help families choose the best service for their children
Pre-school
The Council of Australian Governments (COAG),
Through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), every State and Territory government and the Commonwealth have endorsed two National Partnership Agreements: An Indigenous Early Childhood National
Partnership Agreement A National Partnership Agreement on Early
Childhood Education, which provides for $970 million in Australian Government funding to ensure that by 2013
COAG has initiated action to: address early childhood workforce issues establish a national Early Years Learning
Framework create a national approach to quality and
regulation of early childhood education and child care
improve data and performance information in early childhood
develop a national early childhood development strategy
The Council of Australian Governments (COAG),
Primary and Secondary Education School education in Australia is
compulsory between certain ages as specified by state or territory legislation.
Depending on the state or territory, and date of birth of the child, school is compulsory from the age of five to six to the age of fifteen to seventeen.
Government schools educate about two-thirds of Australian students,
the other third in independent schools, a proportion which is rising in many parts of Australia.
Government schools are free although most schools charge what are known as "voluntary contributions" or "Tax Levies“
Independent schools, both religious and secular, charge fees as well as levies.
All school required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks.
Primary and Secondary Education
Primary EducationPrimary Education
Children are grouped in similar age groups Only one teacher for all subjects, excluding
specialist subjects (e.g. Music, LOTE) No examination requirements, however
required to undertake some benchmark testing at Year 3 & 5
Children progress on teacher’s recommendation
No standard examination at end of primary school
All students are accepted into secondary school on completion of final year of primary school (age - 11 or 12)
Primary EducationPrimary Education - Early - Early YearsYears Emphasis on developing:
Literacy skills Numeracy skills Understanding of community/society Health and physical education skills Creative activities including music and
art
Primary EducationPrimary Education - Upper - Upper YearsYears Further development of skills learnt in
early years Development of simple research and
investigative skills Study of English, mathematics, social
studies, health, science and technology, physical education
Music, LOTE, library, art, IT and religious education are an option at most schools
Common Ages
Primary Grade/Year 1: 5–7 year olds Grade/Year 2: 7–8 year olds Grade/Year 3: 8–9 year olds Grade/Year 4: 9–10 year olds Grade/Year 5: 10–11 year olds Grade/Year 6: 11–12 year olds Grade/Year 7: 12–13 year olds (QLD, SA,
WA)
Secondary Year 7: 12–13 year olds (ACT, NSW, TAS,
VIC) (Middle School NT) Year 8: 13–14 year olds Year 9: 14–15 year olds Year 10: 15–16 year olds (High School NT) Year 11: 16–17 year olds ("College" ACT,
TAS) Year 12: 17–19 year olds
Common Ages
Secondary Education - Secondary Education - GeneralGeneral Begins with Year 7 or 8 (depending on
State or Territory) Most commonly comprehensive All students study English Curriculum is generally considered
Middle School - Years 5 to 8
Secondary Education – Secondary Education – GeneralGeneral
Some specialist secondary schools (technology, languages, performing arts, agriculture, sports or creative arts)
Each day is divided into periods of 40-60 minutes
Teachers usually specialise in two methods (e.g. English and Social Studies)
Students move from room to room according to timetable
Secondary Education Secondary Education - to Year - to Year 1010
Progress to further years is usually based on age and class requirements rather than examinations
Students normally take 8 or 9 subjects per year
Learning accomplished through a variety of methods Investigation, experimentation and
participation rather than memory
Secondary Education - to Year 10Secondary Education - to Year 10
Division into lower or junior secondary and upper or senior secondary
Lower/junior secondary General program undertaken by all
students Upper secondary
Ability to choose from core group of subjects and have options of electives
Senior Secondary EducationSenior Secondary EducationYear 11 and 12Year 11 and 12 Progress in senior secondary (i.e. Year
11 &12) is usually based on examinations and class work
Years 11 & 12 offer several types of programs to prepare students for future study/employment (State and Territory dependent e.g. VCE in Victoria)
Completion of Year 12 represents 13 years of education for the majority of students
Senior Secondary EducationSenior Secondary EducationYear 11 and 12Year 11 and 12 Other study programs available like
Vocational Education and Training (VET) Offers vocational training and industry
accredited training as part of final year certificate
Not all subjects/VET programs are suitable for admission to University
Students study English plus 4 or 5 elective subjects
Secondary School CertificationEach State and Territories has its own format of Year 12 Matriculation: Australian Capital Territory: ACT Year 12 Certificate South Australia: South Australian Matriculation / South Australian
Certificate of Education (SAM/SACE) Northern Territory: Senior Secondary Studies Certificate / Northern
Territory Certificate of Education (NTCE) Queensland: Queensland Certificate of Education (QCE) New South Wales: Higher School Certificate (HSC) Tasmania: Tasmanian Certificate of Education (TCE) Victoria: Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) or Victorian Certificate
of Applied Learning (VCAL) Western Australia: Western Australian Certificate of Education (WACE)
Tertiary Education Both private and public universities: 36 public,
2 Catholic and 1 Non-profit Private universities Admissions by Australian citizens to public and
Catholic universities in Australia are based on the prospective student's academic achievement
Admission to the private university, is dependent on a student’s ability to pay tuition fees as well as academic achievement and "one on one" interviews with admission officers (the only university in Australasia to do this for all students).
Tertiary Education Divided into two main types - those offered by
industry and those by tertiary institutions VET - Vocational Education and Training (Industry) Higher Education (Institution)
VET is competency based and offers programs under National Training Framework
Higher education offers programs leading to bachelor degrees
Varying entrance requirements Students are ranked state and national wide Each state has its own ranking scheme
Tertiary EducationTertiary EducationInternational Students Australia ranks third in the English-
speaking world behind the USA and Britain as an international student destination
Students are attracted by the excellence of education and training standard, Australian lifestyle
National legislation covering quality and financial standards for those in Australia on student visas
Fees range from AUD$12,000-25,000 per annum
Higher Education The higher education sector in Australia is made
up of universities and other higher education institutions – or higher education providers.
A higher education provider is a body that is established or recognised by or under the law of the Australian Government, a State, the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory.
The provider has to be approved by the Australian Government Minister for Education before it can receive grants or its students can receive assistance from the Australian Government under the Higher Education Support Act 2003 (HESA).
Responsibilities for higher education The DEEWR is the Australian Government
Department with responsibility for administering funding and for developing and administering higher education policy and programs.
Decision-making, regulation and governance for higher education are shared among the Australian Government, the State and Territory Governments and the institutions themselves
Some aspects of higher education are the responsibility of States and Territories.
Higher Education Systems
Fundamental contribution to the future of Australia, and plays a vital role in Australia’s intellectual, economic, cultural and social development. Educates future professional workforce, Creates future leaders, Provides jobs for Australians, Drives much of our economic and regional
success, and Facilitates cultural and trade links with other
countries
Higher Education Support Act 2003 to support a higher education system
that: is characterised by quality, diversity and
equity of access; and contributes to the development of cultural
and intellectual life in Australia; and is appropriate to meet Australia’s social and
economic needs for a highly educated and skilled population; and
to support the distinctive purposes of universities, which are: the education of persons, enabling them to
take a leadership role in the intellectual, cultural, economic and social development of their communities; and
the creation and advancement of knowledge; and
the application of knowledge and discoveries to the betterment of communities in Australia and internationally;
Higher Education Support Act 2003
to strengthen Australia’s knowledge base, and enhance the contribution of Australia’s research capabilities to national economic development, international competitiveness and the attainment of social goals; and
to support students undertaking higher education.
Higher Education Support Act 2003
Type of Programs & Qualifications Undergraduate
Bachelor Degree Bachelor Degree (with Honours) Undergraduate Diplomas Associate Diplomas
Postgraduate Masters Degrees Doctoral Degrees Graduate Diplomas Graduate Certificates
Tuition Fee ( In Aus $ )Undergraduate
Courses Annual Tuition FeeBachelor degree - Non lab based courses (programmes in arts, business, economics and law) A$ 10,000 - $ 13,500
Laboratory based - Bachelor degree courses (science & engineering programmes) A$ 11,000 - $ 16,500
PostgraduateCourses Annual Tuition Fee
Graduate Certificates / Graduate Diplomas A $ 9,000 - $ 16,000Masters degree courses Doctoral degree programmes A $ 11,000 - $ 18,500MBA A $ 15,000 - $ 30,000
THE CURRICULUM Regardless of whether a school is government
or private, it is regulated by the same curriculum standards frameworkt heir state or territory.
Most schools, government and private, enforce a uniform or dress code, although there are varying expectations.
The curriculum framework however provides for some flexibility in the syllabus, so that subjects such as religious education can be taught.
ACADEMIC YEAR The academic year in Australia varies
between states and institutions, but generally runs from late January/early February until mid-December for primary and secondary schools,
Slight variations in the inter-term holidays and TAFE colleges, and from late February until mid-November for universities with seasonal holidays and breaks for each educational institute.
Academic Grading Schools
Australian primary and secondary schools are currently migrating to a common reporting and assessment format.
Primary and secondary education is the responsibility of the states.
The grading system is now structured as follows, though the percentages are only an approximate guide
Grade Percentile A (Very High Achievement) 85 and
above B (High Achievement) 70-84 C (Sound Achievement) 50-69 D (Low/Limited Achievement - Fail) 25-49 E (Very Low/Limited Achievement - Fail) 0-24
Academic Grading
Australian universities issue results for each subject based on the following gradings
ACU, ACS, Adelaide, Bond, Canberra, CQU, CSU,
Flinders, MQ, Newcastle, QUT, Swinburne, SCU,UNE, UniSA, UNSW, USyd, UOW,
UTS, UWS
UWA, ANU, Curtin, Deakin, ECU, Monash, Murdoch, RMIT, UTAS,
VU
USQ La Trobe Melbourne
10095-9990-9485-8980-84
75-79 Second Class Honours Div A (H2A)
70-74Second Class Honours
Div B (H2B)
65-69 Third Class Honours (H3)
60-6455-5950-54
<50 Fail (N) Fail (N)Fail (F, FNP, FNS, FNC
or FLW)Fail (N) Fail (N)
Pass (P)
First Class Honours (H1)
High Distinction (HD) A
A
B
C
B
C
C
High Distinction (HD) High Distinction (HD
Distinction (D)
Credit (C)
Pass (P)
Distiction (D)
Credit (C)
Pass (P)
Academic Grading
Grade point average
GradeCSU, SCU
USQ Monash Macquarie Bond, RMIT FlindersUWS, QUT,
Griffith,UTS UWA Adelaide
High Distinction 5 7 4 4 4 7 7 4 7 7
Distinction 4 6 3 4 3 6 6 3.5 6 6
Credit 3 5 2 3 2 5 5 2.5 5 5
Pass 2 4 1 2 1 4 4 1.5 4 4Conceded Pass / Near Pass / Fail
Level 11 3 0.7 1 0 n/a 3 0.5 4 3
Fail 0 2 0.3 0 0 0 2 0.5 0 1.5
Withdrawn Fail 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
National Quality Framework
The National Quality Framework aims to raise quality and drive continuous improvement and consistency in education and care services through: a national legislative framework a National Quality Standard a national quality rating and assessment
process a new national body called the Australian
Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority
National legislative framework the Education and Care Services National
Law the Education and Care Services National
Regulations.
National Quality Framework
National Quality Standard
The National Quality Standard sets a new national benchmark for the quality of education and care services.The National Quality Standard aims to promote:
the safety, health and wellbeing of children a focus on achieving outcomes for children
through high-quality educational programs families’ understanding of what distinguishes a
quality service.
National Quality Standard
The National Quality Standard is divided into seven Quality Areas:
Educational program and practice Children’s health and safety Physical environment Staffing arrangements Relationships with children Collaborative partnerships with families and
communities Leadership and service management.
At primary and secondary level government schools educate the majority of students.
The major part of their costs is met by the relevant State or Territory government.
Private schools, both religious or secular (the latter often with specialisations), may charge higher fees.
SCHOOL SUPPORTIVE FUNDING
SCHOOL SUPPORTIVE FUNDING
The national government provides funding for all Universities in Australia (full fee): Domestic students in a non-Commonwealth
Supported Place are not usually subject to up-front fees
Government subsidies to the cost of tertiary education,
Students have the option of deferring their financial contributions to their education completely via the Commonwealth Supported Students scheme.
Students in a non-CSP, must pay all upfront fees, which are typically greater than a standard Commonwealth Supported Students debt, usually undertaken to reduce academic entrance requirements.