ASPECTS REGARDING THE ETIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MATTERS OF THE FEBRILE SEIZURES IN CHILDREN  

First Author: Iulia Laura GavrilaAuthor: Alina Grama, Adriana Craciun, Diana Lapusneanu, Maria Magdalena AlojeCoordinator: Asist. Univ. Dr. Alina Grama

INTRODUCTION

Febrile seizures are the most common seizure disorder in childhood. They are a benign epileptic manifestation of infancy occurring between 6 months and 5 years of age, accompanied by fever and affecting an estimated 2-5 % of children with no neurological history.

Purpose: Was the evaluation of febrile seizures on children hospitalized in Pediatric 1 Clinic of Targu Mures.

Material and method: A retrospective study was performed on 195 patients diagnosed with Febrile Seizures, between January 2009- December 2012.

RESULTS OBTAINED AFTER GROUPING FS BY SEX AND ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN

Male

Female

114

81

Rural environment

Urban environment

103

92

Number Number

Results obtained from the clustering of cases by age

Age of patients Minim Average Maxim

Age group < 6 months6 months to

5 years> 5 years

Percentage in the number of

cases5,1 % 91,3 % 3,6 %

THE NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH SIMPLE/COMPLEX FS BY AGE

Simple FS Complex FS0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

4 6

133

46

3 4

< 6 months

6 months - 5 years

> 5 years

Simple FS = generalized seizures, lasting less than 15 minutes, and without recurrence within 24 hours

Complex FS = have focal semiology, last more than 15 min and have more than one episode during the same febrile event

THE DISTRIBUTION OF CASES IN EACH OF THE 4 YEARS (INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY)

Series1

0.00%5.00%

10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%

2009

2010

2011

2012

19.50%

20.50%

25.10%

34,9

2009201020112012

TYPE OF SEIZURE FREQUENCY ACCORDING TO

GENDER

Simple FS Complex FS0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Female

Male

Total58

23

82

32

140

55

TYPE OF MANIFESTATIONS

Tonic-clonic seizures

Tonic seizures

Atonic seizures

Clonic seizures

0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00%

56.40%

20.50%

12.30%

8.20%

FREQUENCY OF DISEASES RELATED TO FEBRILE SEIZURES

Series10%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80% 80%

24.10%

8.20%9.70%3.60%2.60%

Superior Airway in-fectionsInferior Airway in-fectionsUrinary infectionsEruptive diseases Vaccination reac-tionAcute enterocolitis

ETIOLOGY RESULTING FROM THE STUDY

Bacterial infection Viral infection0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

97.40%

2.60%

BACTERIAL INFECTION/TYPE OF SEIZURES/SEASONS

Complex FS Simple

FS Total FS - bact inf Total FS

- viral inf

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

20

41

61

0

10

3646

2

720 27

2

16

40

56

1

SpringSummerAutumnWinter

Results: Family history of seizures and epilepsy

 Frequency (number)

Percent

Seizures 11 5,6

No Seizures 184 94,4

Epilepsy 13 6,7

No Epilepsy 182 93,3

THE RISK OF RECURRENT FS / AGE <1 YEAR OF THE FIRST FS

020406080

100120140160180200

2228

50

27

118

145

49

146

195

recurrent FSnon-re-current FSTotal

 p=0,01Value

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Upper

Odds Ratio for Age of 1st FS< 1 year (da / nu)

3,434 1,709 6,898

For cohort Recurrent FS = yes

2,341 1,485 3,690

For cohort Recurent = no

,682 ,523 ,888

N of Valid Cases

195   

CONCLUSIONS As in the literature, this study proves that simple febrile seizures, with tonic-clonic manifestations are most frequently seen especially in male children between 6 months and 5 years old.

In addition to this, I have determined that: The risk of recurrent FS is 3,4 times higher for patients where 1st F.S. occurred at the age of under 1 year compared to those where it occurred at an age of more than 1 year. The number of cases is higher in the rural environment In the 4 study years, the number of cases increased The bacterial etiology is predominant Superior airway infections were frequently associated with F.S Both simple and complex FS appeared more often in spring

and winter.

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