Post on 31-Dec-2015
Arnold Bregt
SDI as an organisational infrastructure
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Introduction
Last week: technical aspects
This week: non-technical aspects People (stakeholders) Policy Legal Financing Information about the functioning of the SDI
(Assessment)
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Contents
People and organizations (Today)
SDI and culture (Today)
Policy and legal (Today
Assessment (Friday)
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SDI and People
People Policy Data
Standards
Technology
(Rajabifard et al., 2002)
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SDI & People (roles)
Meaning of people in SDI:
Individuals
Organizations (group of people)
Question
What are the stakeholders you van identify in an SDI?
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Users, value adders
Policy makers, money providers, coordinators
Data providers, service providers, brokers, value adders
Researchers
SDI organizations
SDI & People (roles)
Organogram: stakeholders and their relations
Different models
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Stakeholders organograms (INSPIRE)
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Stakeholders
10Source: Masser et al., 2008
Stakeholders
11Source: fgdc
Users and value adders
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Very important actor within SDI
Little know about wishes
Reason: diverse group and hardly investigated
Canadian approach
User centered-design input of users at various stages in the design of
a system ensures that it is easy to use and meets the
needs of its users
source: GeoConnections
Value adders
Recent development
Try to make a business of existing data
E.g. Apps based on open data
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Policy makers, money providers, coordinators
Executive bodies e.g. www.geonovum.nl
Ministries
INSPIRE (example)
16Source: State of Play 2010
INSPIRE (example)
17Source: State of Play 2010
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Data providers, service providers, value adders
What is the difference?
What are they?
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Researchers
Examples The University of Melbourne JRC CGI
(See Exercise week 1)
International SDI organizations
Non-profit organization Members from more
than 50 countries Annual conference Newsletters Funding
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PCGIAP: Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia & the Pacific (now dormant)
GSDI link
Researchers and SDI organizations
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SDI Conferences
GSDI conferences – every 1,5 year
EC GI & GIS workshops (since 2008 Inspire Conference) – every year
“Tracks” in general GI conferences
Conferences
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There are a few key organizations that play a role in any SDI, but the local arrangement depends strongly on the (national historical) setting and culture
SDI organizations
Cultural differences and SDI
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What is Culture?
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What is culture? a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors
the way of life is shared by the members of a society.
Cultural differences and SDI
personality
culture
human nature
Specific to individual
Specific to group
Universal
Inherited
and learned
Learned
Inherited
Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming (Hofstede, 1997)
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Characterizing Culture (Hofstede et al., 1997)
Power distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty avoidance Pragmatism (added 2010) (Long term orientation) Indulgence (added in 2010)
Cultural differences and SDI
Cultural Dimensions
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Cultural differences and SDI
Country Comparison
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What is the relation between culture and SDI?
High value for individualism, strong bottom up initiatives.
High value for long-term orientation, strong SDI vision and funding.
Cultural differences and SDI
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Power distance
Uncertainty avoidance
Masculinity versus Femininity
large small
strong weak
masc. fem.
Access to GI L H L H L/H H
Sharing of GI
L H L L/H L H
L, H = low, high support for access to and sharing of GI
Cultural differences and SDI
Relation with SDI
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Results
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Results
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Assignment week 3
Case of the week 3 “Your SDI as an organisational infrastructure”
Please analyze your case study SDI from a stakeholder, policy, legal and economic perspective.
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With analyze we mean:
Draft an organogram of the different stakeholders within your SDI (design your own picture);
Describe the stakeholders, relations and dependencies between them;
Describe the economic and legal arrangements (access rights, use rights and finance sources);
Reflect on the impact of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on the organizational setting of your SDI.
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Thank you for your attention!
Questions?