Post on 14-Dec-2015
Arno Brand
Thomas Bak
Torben Knudsen et al.
Gerrit van de Molen et al.
Mato Baotić et al.
Anders Rantzer et al.
Quasi-steady Wind Farm Control Models
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
2
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Motivation & History
Developments
Another model
Comparison
Summary & Outlook
Outline
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
3
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Motivation & History
Source: Knudsen et al., Euromech 508, 2009
4
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Motivation & History
Source: Johnson & Thomas, 2009 ACC, 2009
5
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
reference: total farm power
control object =
wind farm
model based control =
farm control
System Controller
power & speed references
disturbances to
wind field
power produced fatigue measures
Motivation & History
6
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Decentralized Dynamic State-space Controller
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Developments
Torben Knudsen, Mohsen Soltani, Thomas Bak
7
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Dynamic Wind Flow Model
State-space representation
Wind Speed
Thrust Coefficient
Maryam Soleimanzadeh, Rafael Wisniewski
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Developments
8
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Nominal Supervisory Control with MPC
MPC1
MPC2
MPCm
Power referencesP ,P , ... ref11 ref21
ref12 ref22
Power referencesP ,P , ...
ref1m ref2mP ,P , ...
Switch/Interpolation
Non-linear MPC
AvailablePower
CalculationΣ
Power referencesP ,P , ... ref1 ref2
Average wind speedFarm power demand
Farm available power
avail1
Available powersP ,P , ... avail2
Farm power demandWind speeds
Turbine statuses
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Gerrit van der Molen, Petros Savvidis, Mike Grimble
optimizer
1z
process
observer
Δu(k) u(k)
u(k-1)
z(k)
y(k)
fset(k)
x(k/k)
controller
predictor
x(k ,k ..k /k)Np1 2
constraints
y(k ,k ..k /k)Np1 2
Developments
9
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Supervisory Controller
NOMINAL CONTROLLER
RECONFIGURABLE CONTROLLER
demPWFrefP
demP
demP
MEASUREMENTS
OPTIMIZATION DATA
WIND FARM CONTROLLER
WIND FARM
Requirements: Model-based optimal controller, 1 Hz refresh rate
Mato Baotić, Mate Jelavić, Vedrana Spudić, Ned Perić
Developments
10
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Stationary Wind Field Interaction Model
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Daria Madjidian, Anders Rantzer
Developments
Wind speed model
Wind farm model
11
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Quasi-steady Wind Farm Flow Model
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
wake model
T1 - T3
wake model
T2 - T4
separation distances T2 and T3
separation distances T2 and T4
upstream turbulence
upstream wind direction
coordinates T1, T2, ... ,Tn
upstream wind speed
etc turbine model
T1
wake model
T1 - T2
turbine model
T2
wake model
T2 - T3
cluster model
separation distances T1 and T2
separation distances T1 and T3
Another Model
Arno Brand, Jan Willem Wagenaar
12
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Model Output qsWFFM
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Forward
({ {WS, BPA, RS}iklm, {Power, Loads}iklm) = f( {WSk, WDl, TIm} )
state output external conditions
Inverse
({WSk, WDl, TIm}, {WS, BPA, RS}iklm, {Loads}iklm) = g( {Power}iklm )
external conditions state loads power referenceWS = Ambient wind speed
WD = Ambient wind direction
TI = Turbulence intensity
BPA = Blade pitch angle
RS = Rotor speed
Another Model
13
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Row with 10 NREL 5 MW wind turbines
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
x/D [-]P
/Pn
om
[-]
PowRef = Max
PowRef = 16.5 MW
Model Comparison
Turbine separation: 5D Wind speed: 8 m/sPower references: 10 x 5.0 MW and 10 x 1.65 MW
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50
x/D [-]
V [
m/s
]
PowRef = Max
PowRef = 16.5 MW
14
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Row with 10 NREL 5 MW wind turbines
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50
x/D [-]
V [
m/s
]
PowRef = Max
PowRef = 31 MW
Turbine separation: 5D Wind speed: 11 m/sPower references: 10 x 5.0 MW and 10 x 3.1 MW
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
x/D [-]P
/Pn
om
[-]
PowRef = Max
PowRef = 31 MW
Model Comparison
15
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus
Wind farm control strategies in order to
Track power reference
Minimize mechanical loading
Quasi-steady wind farm control models
Demonstration of wind farm control solutions
Summary & Outlook
16
Motivation & History - Developments - Another Model - Comparison - Summary & Outlook
Contact
Arno J. Brand
ECN Wind Energy Wind turbine rotor and Wind farm Aerodynamics
M: P.O. Box 1, NL 1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands E: brand@ecn.nl T: +31 224 56 4775 F: +31 224 56 8214 I: nl.linkedin.com/in/arnobrand
FP7-ICT STREP 224548 / Aeolus