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ESKTOP
Orm
sby Napoleon Burke roess l owden
[ ~ R PRJ
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Gefting to know ArcGlS desktop
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ormsby...let
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lncludes
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ISBN 97&1-58948-260-9
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l.
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7/25/2019 ARCGIS Desktop Spatial Analis.
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ONTENTS
Section
Section
2
Section 3
Ac knowledgmen ts
In
troduct ion xi
ix
Getting to know
GIS
Chapter
Introducing GIS
Chapter 2
Introducing Arc GIS Desktop
3
Getting started
with maps
and
data
apter 3
Exploring
ArcMap
9
Exercise a
Displaying ma p data
Exercise b
Navigating a map
4
Exercise c
l ooking t
fe
ature attributes 4
Chapler
4
Exploring ArcCatalog
53
Exercise 4a
Brows ing ma p data
55
Exercise
4b
Sea rching fo r map data 66
Exercise 4c
Adding data
to
ArcMap
74
Displaying data
Chapter 5 Symbolizing features and rasters 89
Exercise 5a Changi ng symbo l
ogy
92
Exercise 5b Symbo lizing features
by
categorical attributes
Exercise 5c Us i
ng
styles
and
creating
layer
files
xercise d Symbo lizing rasters 2
I
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vi COI/fI
. IlfJ
Chapter
6
Cla ss
ifying
fe
a
tu
res
and
rasters
131
Exercise 6a Classifyi
ng
featu
re
s by sta ndard methods 134
Exercise
6b
Classifyi
ng
f
eat
u
res manua
l ly 145
Exercise c Mapp
in
g
den
sity 154
Exercise
6d Us
i
ng
graduated and chart symbols 161
Chapter 7 Labeling features 175
Exercise 7a Us ing dynamic labels 177
Exercise 7b Setting rules
for
pla cing label s 185
Exercise
7c
Us
i
ng
interacti
ve
l
abel
s
and
creating annotation 196
Section 4
Getting
information
about
features
Chapter
8
Querying
data 203
Exercise
8a
I
den
t ifying selectin
g
finding
and
hyperlinking features 205
Exercise
8b
Selecting features
by
attrib
ute
216
Exercise
e
Creating reports 22 1
Ch
apter 9 Joining
and
relating
ta
bles 229
Exercise 9a Join ing ta bl
es
233
Exercise 9b Re l
at
ing tab l
es
243
Section 5
Analyzing feature
relationships
Chapter 10 Se
lecting features by
lo ca
tion 257
Exercise lOa
Using location queries 259
Exercise
lOb
Combin i
ng
attribute
and
locati
on
queries 265
Chapter
11 Preparing
dat
a for analysis 279
Exercise
11a
Dissolving features 281
Exercise l b Creating
graphs
290
Exercise c Clipping layers 296
Exercise
l d Exp
orti
ng
data 303
Ch
apter
12 Analy
zing spatial da ta 309
Exercise
12a
Bufferi ng fea tu
re
s 312
Ex
ercise 12b Overl
ay
ing data 32 1
Exercise 12c Ca
l
cu
lati
ng
attribute
val
u
es
332
Ch
apter
13 Proj
ecting data
in ArcMap
339
Exercise
13a Pro
jecting
data on
the fly 344
Exercise 13b
Def
in ing
a
prO
jec tion 357
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COl tents
Section
6
Creating
and editing data
Chapter 14 Building geodatabases 367
E xercise 14a Crea t ing a
pe
rsonal geodatabase 37
Exercise
14b
Creating feature classes 377
Exercise
4c
Add
ing fields and
doma
i
ns
384
Chapter
15 Creating features
391
Exercise 5a Draw i
ng
features 394
Exercise 5b Usi ng feature construction tools 401
Chapter 16
Editing features and attributes 415
Exercise
6a Deleting and modifying features 417
Exercise
6b Splitting and
me
rgi ng features 428
E
xercise
16c
Editing feature attribute va l
ues
436
Chapter 17 Geocoding addresses 443
E
xercise
17a
Creating
an
address
locator 446
Exercise J7b Matching
addresses
454
Exercise
17c Rematching
addresse
s
465
Section
7 Presenting data
Chapter
18
Making maps from templates 473
E
xercise
1 Openi ng a map template 475
Exercise IBb Adding x y data to a
map
483
Exercise
IBc Draw
ing graphics
on
a map 489
Chapter 19
Making
maps
for presentation 497
Exercise 98 Layi
ng
ou
t the
page
499
Exercise 19b Add ing a ti t le 5 8
Exercise 19c Add ing a north arrow sca le
bar
and legend
517
Exercise 19d Adding f inal touches and setting print options 526
Section 8 Modeling
Chapter
20 Creating
models
533
Ex
ercise
2 a
Starting a model
536
Exercise 2 b Building a mode l 546
Exercise 2 e En
hancing a
mode
l 557
Appendix A Data l
ice
ns
e agreement 569
Ap pendix B Insta ll ing the data and software 573
Index 579
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Section 5:
nalyzing feature relationships
Chapter 2
nalyzing
spatial
data
uffering features
Overlaying
data
Calculating
attribute
values
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31 ection
:
n lyzingft tu r relationships
Most of the problems you solve with GIS involve comparing spatial relationships among
features- in one layer or in different layers and drawing conclusions. Problem so lving
GIS is called spatial analysis. and it can include eve rything from measuring the distance
between points co modeling the behavior of ecosystems.
The geoprocessing tools in ArcToolbox not only help you prepare data, they also help you
analyze it spatially.
In
this chapter, youll work with twO cools that are very useful in spat
analysi
s:
buffers and overlays.
A buffer is an area drawn at a uniform distance around a feature. It represents a critical zo
such as a floodplain, a protected species habitat,
or
a municipal service area. Features lyin
inside the buffer have a different status from features lying outside the buffer.
A 5 foot buffer around a school defines n re where
billboard advertising is prohibited
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AIIn.0
z illg sp ti
l
t l l l l
Overla
ys
{union and intersect}
id
entify overlaps between features in two layers
nd
create a
dataset in which the lines of overlap define new
fea
ture
s.
In a
union
overlay nonoverlapping
areas are included in
th
e output dataset. A uni
on
dataset then has three types of features:
those found
on
ly in
th
e first input layer {with layer 1 nribme values} those found only in
the second i
nput
layer
{w
ith layer
2
nrib
ute valu
es}
nd
tho
se
created by areas
of
overlap
between the twO layers {with both layer
1
and layer
2
attribute valu
es}
.
In an intersect overlay only the overlapping geometry is preserved
nd
features have attribmes
from both input layers.
Before
overlay
Two
layers each with
one feature
After
union
A
new
layer with
three
features
Av
oc
ad
os
After intersect
A
new
layer with
one feature
A fruit
fly
quarantine zone overlaps
avocado
groves left). Overlay ana
lysis wh t
her
union
or
intersect-creates new
featu
res where inp
ut
layers over lap.
In
this
case
the analys is identifies areas
where avocados must
be
destroyed.
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3 2 Section 5: llalyzillgjetlture relationships
uffering
features
Buffers are created as polygons in a new layer. Buffers can be drawn at a constam distance
for example, 100 meters) around every feature in a layer, or at a distance that varies accordi
to attribute values For example, buffers representing the range
o
rad io signals from trans
mitters might va ry according to an attribute describing the transmitter strength. Buffers ca
also be concentric rings represeming multiple distances. such as the areas within 100, 500
and 1,000 merers o a
well
0
0
j
0
j
0
.
j
j
@ j
0
Constant distance
Variable
distance Mu ltiple
ri
ngs
If features are
lose
together. their buffers may overlap.
You
can preserve the overlaps or
remove them.
Drug F ZDn
_
--
-
Overlaps preserved
Multiple
rings
7/25/2019 ARCGIS Desktop Spatial Analis.
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llalyzing Jpfltialdata
Exercise 2a
Your goal is co determine the value of h rvestable land in lease F so that your lumber
company can make a bid. In chapter
11
, you dissolved forest stands into leases. Then
you clipped streams and selected goshawk nests within lease
F.
In this exercise, you
ll
buffer the nes t and stream layers to show where logging is prohibited. According to
government reg ulations, no trees may be cut within 8 meters of a goshawk nest, the
range of goshawk fledglings.
Nor
can trees be cut within 5 meters of a stream. Log-
ging near streams leads to erosion of the stream banks, adding sediment co the water.
This kills aquatic plant life and disrupts the food chain. The prohibition on logging s
increased to 100 meters from streams where salmon spawn.
Start ArcMap. In the ArcMap Getting Started dia log box under the
Exi
sting Maps
sec ti
on
, click Browse for more. If ArcMap is already running, c
li
ck the File menu
and
c lick Open.)
Na
vigate to C:\ESRIPress\GTKArcGIS\Chapter12 . Click ex12a.mxd and
c
li
ck Open.
..
..
The map shows lease F, gos
ha
wk nests, and streams.
You
ll begin by buffering the
goshawk nests using the ArcToolbox Buffer tool.
2
On
t
he
Standard l
oo
lbar, click ArcT
oo
l
box
window button
10
ope n ArcToolbox.
7/25/2019 ARCGIS Desktop Spatial Analis.
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34 5 o i
oIl :
A I I / I ~ I z l l g f e t l l r e rdm i ollShiJJ
3 In the
ArcToo
lb
ox
window, click t
he
plus sign nex t to Analysis Tools. Click the
pl
us sig
next to Pr
ox imity.
Ar< '""Ib".. [ i
IiII
IV
CToabox ~
Ell 30
AnI/yJt
Tools
8
AoIIysIs
T
ools
Ell
.
Extract
.
" """"
-
l I
.$'
~ R h g . l f e r
liI
"
stotlstlts
ill
CwtC9aphy
Tools
onversionToois
iii
Dote
nteroperllbityTools
o . t e ~ T o o I s
Ecblg Tools
iii e o c ~ Tools
e o s t a t i s t l c a I ~ s t
Tools
iii Ref
N'enci"IO Tools
~ T o o I s
iii
NotworkArlllyst
Tools
III
PMCIII
Fabric Tools
.
iii
Sc:t erMtics Tools
III
s.v. Tools
potIeIAnItist Took jY_
Depending on how you sec up your ArcToolbox window (Roacing, tabbed or docked),
yo ur display m y look diffe rem. Also, depending on yo ur ArcGIS license level , yo u m
have more or fewer cools th n the graphic above (which is u
si
ng an ArcView license).
4 Double-click the Buffer tool.
/1,,110 r ' _
:J
x
You
'
ll
select the layer with the input featur
es
to be
buff
ered, d
es
ignate
n output
featur
class, emer a buffer distance,
nd
seiect a dissolve opcion.
5 Click the Input Features drop-down arr
ow
and click NestsF. A lternatively, drag the
NestsF
layer
from the ArcMap table of contents and drop it in th is locatio n. )
6 Click the Browse button next to the Output Feature Class box . In the Ou tput Fea ture
Class
dia log
box,
nav igate to \GTKArcGIS\Chapter12\MyData
and
double-click
MyTongas s.mdb.
7/25/2019 ARCGIS Desktop Spatial Analis.
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nalyzing s tial data
3
7
In
the Name
box
type NestS f.
Make sure
your dialog
box
matches the following
graphic, then click
Save.
The output feature class information is updated.
=I
lI
I \ S I U P r o s s \ G T \ ( A t c G l S \ O l l o : U f l ~ \ I o f I _ , I I d > ~ 1
8 For the buffer distance, make sure the Linear unit option is selected.
In
the Linear unit
box
type 800.
The neighboring drop-down list shows the type o units which are meters.
I
D I l t . u [ ~ " " C l f I t l l d ]
0 u .
[
~
"
~
~
= = J I ~
9 Scroll down if necessary, click the Dissolve
Type
drop-down arrow
and
click All.
Wherever buffer polygons overlap each other the overlapping boundaries will be dissolved
to make a single feature.
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3 6
Srt rjOll 5:
AlIlllyzillgJenture relationships
10 Click OK
x
When
the Buffer rool finishes process ing. a pop-up notification wi ll appear on the
sys tem tray. C lick the Buffer link in the pop-up notification ro view the Buffer tool
s
results report
.
C U ; I o . . l I u b n O o H : ~
..
:alt1>..t-.. .:_
c:> ' IIIo')pO: "U
c:>
End
'
)pO
:
R Q H )
C : > _ ) pO
:
1U
C :>_Ro I I ( .),
.
-
m
__
~
_ . n . _ c
~ ~ ~ ~
(9 _ n. .:
""".011 Ut.S :lD2D D
C9
_ _ ( l :S , :,
, 2D ,O(D . . - I n . : , .m_
)
When th e operation is completed, close the Results window
The new NestBuf layer is added to the map. Where buffers ove rlap, the barriers betw
them have been removed,
as yo
u specified.
12 If
ne
cessary, change the color of the buffers so they are vis ible against the L
ease
F
ba
ckg
rou nd
.
.
_
.
c "
t>o . o A a
...
5 11.4..
), .
_ U DOlIOI I . , _
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Analyzing patial datil
3 In the table 1 contents right-click the NestBul layer and click
Open
Attribute Table .
The table contains juSt a single record. Buffers created with the dissolve ALL option
form a single feature called a multipart polygon
a
polygon with discontinuous bound-
aries). The attributes are the standard four
for
a geodatabase polygon feature class:
OBJECTID, Shape, Shape_Length, and Shape_Area. Because
o
the dissolve, none o
the NestF layer attributes are passed on to the Output table.
Now
you
ll
buffer the Streams layer. The buffer sizes for this layer wi
ll
va ry according to
whether or not salmon spawn in a stream.
4 Close the Attributes 1 NestBul table.
In
the table of contents right-click the StreamsF
layer and click Open Attribute Tab le .
The HasSpawning field shows whethet Ot not a stream has spawning salmon. The
Distance field values of
5
and 100 correspond to the No and Yes values in the Has-
Spawning field Recall that logging
is
prohibited within 50 meters
o
streams, and
within 100 meters of streams where salmon spawn.)
5 Close the attribute table.
In
the table 1 contents turn
o
the NestBul and NestsF layers.
6
In
the ArcToolbox window double-click the Buffer tool.
17 Click the Input Features drop-down arrow and click StreamsF.
8 Click the Browse button next to the Output Feature Class box. In the Output Feature
Class dialog box navigate to \GTKA r
cGIS\C
haplerI 2\MyData and double-click
MyTDngass .mdb .
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3 8
SUlion 5: nalyzingJeatllre relationships
19 In the Name box type StreamoBuf. Make sure your dialog box matches the following
graphic then click
Save.
..I
20
For
t
he
Buffer distance cli
ck
the Field
op
tion. Click the Fie ld drop-down arrow and
click Distance.
Distance is [he field in [he ScreamsF layer [able that comains the values
5
and 100 .
This time you won t dissolve [he s
tr
eam buffers as you did with th e nest buffer
s.
21 Make sure your dialog
box
matches the following graphic then click OK.
11,, _ ' '
i1
@
0I.tp\.C: fHbIl ClISS
:\ESR.lPreH\GTJ:Ar(:Q5\Chopt.12'\M11Oato\Mv Tnc;tISS .
mclI\5tr
1 ~
DIst.. .ce [voLe or
field]
~ < r i
I ~
FoeId
1
b l
O I aI ~ . I S H l l p I
If
necessa
rY
Iclick the Buffer link in the pop-up notification to see the tool s results repo
7/25/2019 ARCGIS Desktop Spatial Analis.
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nalyzillg spatial
d to 3
When the operation is completed, the new StreamBuf layer is added
to
the map. t
the current scale, however you cant get a good look
at
the s
tr
eam
buff
ers.
22 Close the Arc
Too
lbox window Click the
Bo
okmarks menu
and
click Streams Closeup.
Now you can see the difference between the 50-meter buffers and the IOO-meter buffers.
23
In
the table of contents right-click the Str
ea
mBuf layer
an
d click
Open
Attribute Tab l
e
In addition to
it
s standard attributes, the output table has attributes from the input
table. (Because you did not dissolve the
buff
ers. the
OUtput
and input tables have the
same numb
er
of reco
rd
there is one buffer for each strea m. This correspondence
makes it possible
to
copy attributes from one table to the other.)
24 Close the attribute tabl
e
Turn o
the StreamsF layer. Turn on t
he
N
es
tBuf
layer In
the
table of contents only the two buffer layers
and
t
he
LeaseF layer
shou
ld
be
turned on.
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32
Section
:
Antllyzi
ng itltllrt
reiatio lShips
In the table of contents right-click the LeaseF layer and click Zoom to Layer
The two buffer layers define the areas within which trees cannot be cut. In the next
exercise, you ll use overlays to define the areas in which they can be cut.
26 If you
wan
t to
save
your work click the File menu and click Save
As
Navigate to
\GTKArcGIS\Chapler12\MyDala. Rename the file my_ex12a.mxd and click Save
7 f you are continuing with the next exercise leave ArcMap open. Otherwise exit the
applicati
on
Click No
if
prompted to
save
your changes.
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Anll yzing splltilll
d fll 3
verlaying
data
A union overlay combines the features in two input laye rs to create a new dataset. In the
following example. one polygon layer represents a land parcel and the other an oil spill. Part
of
the parcel lies outside the spill and part of the spill lies outside the parcel; in the middl
e
the two layers overlap. W hen the laye rs are unioned. the two original polygons b
ec
ome
thr
ee The area
of
overlap becom
es
a new f
ea ture
while the non-overlapping areas become
muhipart polygon s
Parcel
il sp i ll
C ~ ~
ne
po lygon
One polygon
il spill and par
cel
ov
er
lap each othe r
Two po
l
ygo
ns
il spill and pa
rc
el
ove
rl
ap ea
ch
ot
he
r
Two polygon s
Th e oil spi ll and
pa
rcel layers are un ioned to create three new
po
lygons
What kind of attribu
tes
does the un ion layer have? In add ition to its own standard attributes.
it includes all the a
tt r
ibutes of boch input laye r
s
This doesnt mean. however. that every
reco rd h
as
a value for each att ribute. In this exa mple Featu re 1 in the output table has no
Spill_Type value becau
se
it is
out
side the o
il
spill. while Feature 2 has no
w
ner or Landu
se
va
lues because it is outside the parcel. nly Fea ture 3 which spatially coincides wi th both
input la
ye rs has a va lue
for
every attribute.
In
put
t
abl
es
utput table
Th e output table conta ins the ributes of both input layers Output features get the att ri butes
val u
es
of inp ut fea t ures with which th
ey
are spatia lly coincident
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3
Sf nion 5: Ana
7/25/2019 ARCGIS Desktop Spatial Analis.
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l
ly
z ing spti l d t
Exercise 2b
In this exercise, you ll union the nest and stream buffer layers from the previous exercise
to create a single layer o the land that cannot be harvested. Then you ll union this
layer with a layer o stands in lease
F
Because new features will be created wherever
stand polygons and buffer polygons overlap, every output feature
will
lie
either entirely
inside or entirely outside a buffer. The set o features lying outside buffers represents
harvestable land.
In ArcMap open ex12b.mxd from the C:\ESRIPress\GTKArcGIS\Chapter12 folder.
e
str_
~
i It
0) 11D M o i
5 W 7 1 8 6 I I ~ 1 1 _
The map shows the buffers for streams and goshawk nests. The other l
yers
re turned off.
2 On the Standard toolbar click the ArcToolbox window button.
3 In the ArcToolbox window expand the Analysis
Tool
s if
ne
cessa ry then click the plus
sign next to Overlay
4 Double-cl ick the Union too l
You ll specify the layers to overlay and designate an output feature class.
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3 4
Satioll : Allfllyzillgj( aturl
rritlliollsbips
5 Cl ick the Input
Fe
atures drop-d
own
arrow and click N
es
tSuf.
1 ..
- Ix
C I I C. aI t I rrmnnorts 11 . . . I
The selected
la
yer is added
to
the list of layers that w
il
l be processed in a union .
6 Cl ick the Inpu t Features drop-down arr
ow aga in
and click StreamSuf.
7 Click t
he Sr
o
wse
b
on next to the
Ou
tput Feature Class
box.
In the
Ou
tput F
ea
ture
Class dialog box n
av
igate to IGTKArcGISIChapter121MyData and double-click
MyTon
ga
ss .mdb
.
8 In t
he
Name box t
ype
NoCutArea .
Ma
ke sure your dialog b
ox
matches the following
graphi
c
t
he
n c
li
ck Sa
ve.
-..
1
By default. the
Out
put layer attribute table conta ins i
ts
standard attributes plus the
attributes from
bOth
input laye rs. Optionally. you can omit the input lay
er
identifier
attributes. Alternat ively you can omit all input attributes except the identifiers. This
creates a smaller output table and is convenient if you dont need to work with attribut
(If you l
ater
decide that you do need the input attributes, you can join or relate back t
the input l
aye
r tables using the common identifier attribute.)
Ri ght now, all you need are the identifier attributes .
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nalyzingSp"t;,t datn 3
9 Click the JoinAttributes drop-down arrow
and
click ONLYJID.
You
might have to scroll
down
in
the dialog box to see it.)
1 Make sure your dialog box matches the following graphic, then click OK
hen the operation is completed the NoCutArea layer is added to the map. The new
layer
consisting
of
all buffered areas from the two input layers defines the zone where
no trees may be harvested.
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3 6
ection
5:
A n f l ~ ) z i n g f t ( l l I l r ( relfltiomhips
In the table of contents right-click the NoCutArea
layer and
click
Open
Attribute
Tab
The table contains the four standard polygon feature class attributes (OB]ECTID,
Shape, Shape_Length, and Shape_Area). t also comains the renamed identifier attribu
from the input layers:
FlO
_NestBuf and
FlO
_StreamBuf.
In the exercise introduction, you saw that attributes are
nOt
populated for every record
in a Union attribute table. Identifier attributes, however, are completely populated.
Every record in the Attributes
of
No
Cut
Area has not only an OB]ECTID value, but
also an FID_StreamBuf value and an FID_NestBuf
va
lue regardless of which inpu
feature is spatially coincident with the output feature.
For example, the second record in the NoCutArea table has an
OB]ECTIO
value
of
This va lue is the feature s new identifier. The record s FID_StreamBuf va lue is 10. Th
means that the feature coincides spatially with the feature that has the OB]ECTID
o
10 in the StreamBuf table. The record s FID_NestBuf value is -1. The -1 value means
that the feature does not coincide spatially with any feature in the NestBuf layer. No
tice that the first record has an FID_StreamBuf va lue
of
-1.
This means
that
the featu
does not coincide spatially with any feature in the StreamBuf layer.
Later in this exercise, you will see how to use this information to your advantage.
12 Close the table. Turn on the StandsF layer
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na z ing spatial dntll
3
~ M
-
-
~
_
Cl
EHi l
,
.
.. .: > _ 1:121.1;111
~ _1
1 _ I ~
j
-
..
-
~
.
.
.0_
\ >
.
0_
..
0_
c
0 M
0>_-
(0 )
-
O - A -
lrIIioI
1 1 1.1.6.-
0
- 4 - ;
_.11_.
_
To find the harvestable land you will union the NoCutArea layer with StandsF. After
the
ove rl
ay.
you will be ab
le
to
select
the
polygons
that represent harvestable areas
13 In the ArcToolbox window, double-click the Union tool.
14 Click the Input Features drop-down arrow and click NoCutArea to add it to the list of
input layers.
Do
the same for Stand sF.
15 Click the B
rowse
button
ne
xt to the Output Feature Cla
ss
bo
x.
In the Output Feature
Cl
ass
dial
og box
,
nav
igate to \GTKArcGIS\Chap t
erI2\MyData
and double-click
MyTongass
.
mdb
.
16 In the Name
box
type Final. Make sure your dialog box matches the following graphic,
then click Save .
, Nestsf
Li l
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3 8 S ~ ( / i o l l 5:
A n a l y z i n g f t l l l l l r ~ relationships
Leave the Join Attributes drop-down
li
st set to ALL. This
tim
e you will include a
ll
input attributes in the Union laye
r.
(You wi
ll
need an ribu tes like StandVa lue and
Va luePerMeter
co
recalculate the scand va lues in che next exerci se.
17 Make sure your dialog box matches the follow
in
g gra phic then click
OK
.
--
II
3
. il1
1:::-
' ;tJ
. I
. I
F
I I iI
-
'"'
- ~
8
' - _ , , ,
J
~ I L
.....
1
W hen
th
e operation is completed.
th
e Final layer. wh
ic
h has more than 5,000 feature
is added to the map.
' [dt
Cl e
iii 13 if J
)( ... ... -: >
.
1:1;zt.121
.
-
...
.
..
.
_
At this scale, it's hard to te
ll
if yo u'
re
looking at
th
e result of a spatial anal
ys
is or JUSt
a plate of spagheni.
In
a mome
nt
, you'll zoom in, but first you'll l
ook at th
e
attr
ibute
table of the Final l
aye r.
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nalyzing sptltial data 3
8 In the table of contents right-click the Final layer and cli
ck
Open Attribute Tab le
I
,
The FID_NoCut rea attribute is the renamed OBJECTID from the NoCut rea
layer.
f
a record has a value other chan
-1
in this field
it
means the output feature coin
cides spatially with a buffer feature; in other words it s not harvestable. f a record has
the value -1 it means the output feature does not coincide with a buffer and therefore
is harvestable.
The harvestable area of lease
F,
therefore is the area composed of all polygons in the
Final layer that
have
the value \ in the FID_NoCut rea field
9
lose the Attributes of Final table. lose ArcToolbox.
In
the table of contents turn off
all layers except Final.
20
Click the Bookmarks menu
and
click Close-up.
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33
5:
lUzly
zi
ug Jeature r
lationships
To see which areas can be harvested you will turn on labels.
2 In the table of contents , double-click the Fi
na
l l
ay
er.
On
the Layer Propert i
es
dialog
bo
x, click t
he
Labels ta
b. Che
ck the Label features in this l
aye
r check box. Click
the Label Field drop-down arrow and click FID_NoCutArea. Make sure your dialog bo
matches the follow ing graphic then click
OK
.
- --
_
-
_._ .....-
E t
_
-
___
._-
3
1
__
~
I l..... ...._ 1 ....__ t
On
[he map polygons labeled 1 represem harves[ab le areas.
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nalyzing spatial dflla 3
t would be easier to read the map i you used colors instead aflabels. Applying symbology
is not part o this exercise but you are welcome to do it on your own using what you
learned in chapter 5. Your result might look like this:
Ot
~
~
D -
D
0
_
0 1
0
o
.
In the next exercise you will recalculate the Final layer s 5tandValue attribute to get
an accurate total value
far
harvestable land.
22 If you want to
save
you r
wo
rk, save it as my_ex12b.mxd in the \GTKArcGIS\Chapler12
\MyDala folder.
23 If you
are
continuing with the next exercise, leave ArcMap open. Otherwise, exit the
application. Click o if prompted to save your changes.
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33
S l iOll
5: Analyzillgftature relationships
alculating attribute values
You can write an ex press ion to calculate attribute va lu
es
for all records in a table or juSt fo
s
el
ected ones. For numeric attributes, the expression can include constants, fun
ct
ions, or
values from other fields in
th
e table. Fo r text attributes,
th
e expression can include charac
str in
gs
that you type or text va lues from other fields.
Exercise 2c
The graph you made in chapter showed the timber va lue
of
lease F to be about 1.5
billion dollars. In this exercise yo ull adjust that va lue
to
take into accou nt only harve
able areas. You ll create a definition query to dis
pl
ay these areas, then you ll recalculate
stand valu
es to
determine how much the total harvesta
bl
e area
is
worth.
In ArcMa
p
open ex12c.mxd from the C:\ESRIPress\GTKArcGIS\Chapter12 folder.
The map contains the Final layer you created in the last exercise.
In the previ
ou
s exercise, you s
aw
that
harvestable areas have the value
-1
in the
FID_NoCut rea field. Using that va lue, you will create a definition query
to
displ
ay
only the harvestable areas.
2
In
the table of contents double click the
Fin
al laye r. In the La
ye
r Propert ies dialog b
click the Defini tion Query t
ab.
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3 Cl ick Query Builder to open the Query Builder dialog
box
8 i
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4 Sut ioll
:
A n ( 1 l y z i n g f t a t l l r ~ re Iltiomhips
5 Click OK
on
the Layer Properties dialog
box.
On the
map
only
features
satisfying
the query
are
displayed.
The
layer
attribute table
will show only the records corresponding to
these
features.
Now
you
'll
update
the
StandValue
attribute
for
these
features.
6 In the table of contents, right-click the Final layer and click
Open
Attribute
Table
.
-
---
- ~
-
1___
, ..... ..
.
-
~ - E '
=
:=
:; =
L :==
::
=
:r
:
-
-=
-.-
..
*
- -.-
_ --.----
.
,
.
.
I
.. >n.-. .o)
The table shows 372 records rather than the original 5,439.
The values in the StandValue field need
to
be updated. Although some o the original
stand
polygons
were preserved
intact
in
the Final layer (and still have correct
stand
value
many other stands all
tho
se chat
wer
e overlapped
by
a nest or
stream
buffer-
were
split in the last overlay.
The
resulting smaller polygons have correct area values because
ArcMap
automatically
update
s
che
Shap
e_Area attribute,
but
cheir
s
tand values
which
were simply copied over from
the
StandsF table ,
are wrong.
To c
orrect
the stand
value
you will multiply the
area of
each feature by
its
value per meter.
7 Right-click the field
name
StandValue
and
click Field Calculator. If necessary, click
Y
on the
message
warning
you
that
you
cannot undo the
ca
lculation.
The Field Calculator dialog box opens.
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Analyzing spatial data
8 In the Fields box, double-click Shape_Area to add it to the expression box. Click the
multiplication
(')
button.
Again in
the Fields
box,
double-click ValuePerMeter.
-
.
0 _
-
-
-
.
.
o
.
0 _
:B
-
0 _
.
-
.
o_
~
.
~
.
)
1 : l 1 D ~ 1 J 1 J 1 J
1- -
:1
ElI ...... I
I_
I ~
_
..
_ _
EJ l
c...o
l
This
expression will
give you
the updated
stand
values in dollars. In the table, however,
the stand values are expressed in millions ofdollars.
9 Click at the beginning of the expression
and
type
an
opening parenthesis
(
followed
by a space. Click at the
end
of the expression
and
type a space followed
by
a closing
parenthesis ) . Click the division ( / ) button.
Type
a space
and
type
1000000. Make
sure your expression matches the one
in
the following graphic, then click
OK
.
([Sho ..JItMl- [V J/l oo:KXX
The
values in the StandValue field are recalculated
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6 Secrirm
5:
A
ll
tll ,zlllgjetlt ll} e reltltiom/lips
10 Right-click the StandValue field name and click Statistics
' I.,I IU, I 1..,01
StatiItie
Cart
'
Mrirun: 0.013003
MMrvn:ll .l ll355
Simi: 1052 D8379
Mean 2 928182
Stand vd
DeWotian:
2 078342
...
1
50
30
20
10
Fr
equen y
DlSlr lbul10n
0.0
1.
' .2
U
..
'. 1 ' .1
The sum of the value, i, 1,052 .08379. The harvestable value of lease F
is
therefore just
over a billion
dollars-about
two
thirds
of
the
original calculati
on
s
hown
in yo
ur
gra
from exercise b, step 9.
Close
the Stat istics window
and
the table.
Your company wi
ll
use
thi
s information m
make
a
competi
tive bid. It
s
a big investme
but tr
ee harvesting
is
expensive. You have
to
move heavy
equipment
into
the
area, supp
the labor force. a
nd
construct roads .
A
mor
e detailed ana lysis would consider
ad
ditional facmrs, such
as
the locations of existi
roads, the slope of th e land. and other protected areas like stands of old-growth trees.
12
If
you
want to
save
your work
save
it
as
mL ex
12c
.mxd
in
the \GTKArcGIS\ChaplerI2
\
MyD
ala folder.
In the next chapter, you'
ll
launch
ArcMap
from ArcCaralog. So even
if
you are continui
you should exit
ArcMap
now.
13 Close
ArcMap.
Cl
ick
No
if prompted
10 save
your changes.
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Al fdyzillg spatial
d ftl
Building a
spatial
model
In chapters 11 and 12, you carried out many spatial ana l
ys
is operat ions, such
as
Dis
solve
Cl
i
p
Buffer, and Union, using ArcT
oo
lbox . These operations
we
re not ends in
themse l
ves
but steps in a larger analytical process. Before undertaking a similarly
complicated GIS project,
you
might find it useful to draw a flowchart or diagram that
identifies the goal and the analytical steps that l
ea
d to it. What data wi ll you need What
geoprocessing
wi ll
be required? Which outputs wi
ll
become inputs to new operati
ons
In
ArcGIS Desktop 10 ModelBuilder is available to help you do that. ModelBu
il
der pro
vides a design window where spatial analysis operations can be defined, sequentially
connected, and carried out, all with the use of drag-and-drop icons. ModelBui lder is
both a workflow diagramming too l and a processing environment. It keeps track of
the operations tha t you run, their
resu
lts, and their interdependenci
es
. It gives you a
conven ient
way to
bu
il
d a large project from its component parts and run its processes
separately or together. Your model can be changed at any ti
me to
incorporate new data,
add new conditions, or t ry different assumptions best case, worst case, what if .. ).
Chapter 20 in t
hi
s book revisits the Tongass Forest Lease analysis and shows you how
to design and execute the same project in ModelBu
il
der.
;.
H
1 ,,,111 1,,1 111
_ ...,
x
~
H o I p
x ... ... ~ .l :