Post on 12-Mar-2016
description
March 15, 2011
www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com
OBJECTIVES
ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller commissioned Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) in October 2010 to carry out the survey among Arab national and expatriate youth aged 18-24 in 10 Middle East countries: the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait), Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and, for the first time, Iraq.
The research was designed to uncover country differences and common trends, looking at concerns and priorities such as:
• Attitudes towards democracy• Attitudes towards democracy
• Economic and social concerns
• Attitudes to foreign relations
• Personal and social values
• Attitudes towards education
• Perceptions of future careers
• Access to technology
• Social media networking
• Media consumption trends
OBJECTIVES
The timeline below is a brief summary of events leading up to the Arab Youth Survey
2010. Protests in Tunisia, Egypt and other countries in the region post-date 2010
fieldwork:
Tunisia Tunisia
protests protests
Timeline of events
surrounding AYS 2010
Failed printer Failed printer
cartridge bomb plot cartridge bomb plot
WikiLeaksWikiLeaks
releases releases
diplomatic diplomatic cablescables
Protests begin in Protests begin in
Bahrain, Yemen Bahrain, Yemen
and Omanand Oman
Qatar win Qatar win
World Cup World Cup
2022 bid 2022 bid
US combat US combat
officially ends in officially ends in
Iraq, turning to Iraq, turning to
advisory role advisory role protests protests
Egyptian Egyptian
Parliamentary Parliamentary
electionselections
Egypt Egypt
protestsprotests
AYS AYS
Dec 2010Dec 2010/ /
Jan Jan 20112011
and Omanand Oman
FebruaryFebruarySeptemberSeptember OctoberOctober NovemberNovember JanuaryJanuaryDecemberDecember
advisory role advisory role
Supporters of Supporters of
the Muslim the Muslim
Brotherhood Brotherhood
arrested in arrested in
EgyptEgypt
Saudi Saudi
Regulator Regulator
closes websites closes websites
for violating for violating
Royal Decree Royal Decree
Ahmadinejad Ahmadinejad
visits visits LebanonLebanon
Egyptian Egyptian
Parliamentary Parliamentary
elections elections ((second second
round)round)
Serious unrest in Serious unrest in
Libya beginsLibya begins
Quotas were applied to: Male 60% Female 40%Gender -
METHODOLOGY
PSB conducted 2,000 interviews face-to-face* among respondents aged 18-24 from December
27, 2010-January 20, 2011. The table explains the country by country breakdown of the
respondents.
* 2008 research was conducted by Nielsen using an online methodology.
Both 2009 and 2010 research was conducted face-to-face.
UAE Oman Qatar Bahrain KSA Kuwait Egypt Jordan Lebanon Iraq
N=250 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=150
Nationals / Expats
= 50 / 50
Exclusively
Nationals
Nationals /
Expats
= 50 / 50
Exclusively
Nationals
Nationals /
Expats
= 75 / 25
Nationals /
Expats
= 75 / 25
Exclusively
Nationals
Exclusively
Nationals
Exclusively
Nationals
Exclusively
Nationals
Dubai – 40%Muscat – 50% Doha – 55%
Manama – 100%
Jeddah – 40% Kuwait City -20% Cairo – 50% Amman – 50% East Beirut – 40%Baghdad (50%)
Sharjah – 20% Riyadh – 40% Al Hawalli – 30th Alexandria – 25% Irbid – 25% West Beirut – 40% Irbil (25%)
Abu Dhabi –40%
Batinah – 50%Al Rayyan – 45% Dammam – 20%
Al Ahmadi – 20%Mansoura – 25% Zarqa – 25% Tripoli – 20% Basrah (25%)Al Farwaniya –
30%
Quotas for each market - New in
2010
TOP TEN FINDINGS
1. An enduring desire for democracy
2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living
3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern
4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook
5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab countries
6.6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to start own business
7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in influence
8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news
9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence
10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of global citizenship
AN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACYAN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACY
How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)
Among All
THE MOST IMPORTANT
66 67 68
62
74
60 60
76
60 6065 64 64 62 62 62 61 60 60
92
65
7772
76 77 76
63
76
• Living in a democratic country remains the most important priority.
• The importance of democracy has increased significantly in the past few months.
Living in a
democratic
country
Living in a safe
neighbourhood
Maintaining a
close relationship
with family
Being paid a fair
wage
Being able to get
married/start a
family
Living without fear
of terrorism
Being able to find
a job
Having good
infrastructure
Having the
opportunities to
excel in my career
50
62 60 606055
60
5257 55
51
62 62 62 61 60 60
2008 2009 2010 2011
7266 65 65 64 63 62 61 6060 58
5559
56 5662
80
• 4 in 5 for those in non-GCC countries consider the most important issue to be living in a
democratic country.
• For those in the GCC, living in a safe neighbourhood and close relationships with family are
key.
How important are each of the following to you?
(% very important)
THE MOST IMPORTANT
4955 56 56
Maintaining a
close
relationship
with family
Living in a safe
neighbourhood
Living without
fear of terrorism
Being able to
find a job
Being able to
get
married/start a
family
Having the
opportunities to
excel in my
career
Having good
infrastructure
Being paid a fair
wage
Living in a
democratic
country
GCC Non GCC
78
85
75
9289
8075 7373
84
91
78
• Nine in ten young Iraqis believe that living in a democracy is very important. There is also a
strong call for it in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain.
• In Bahrain, it is particularly important for youth to be able to have a family.
How important are each of the following to you?
(% very important)
THE MOST IMPORTANT
78
67
52
68
52
34
58
75
33
66
59
5151
61
51
67
75
61
70
5256
65
73
66
73
5249
46
70
57 57
71
61
78
Living in a democratic country Living in a safe neighbourhood Maintaining a close relationship
with my family
Being paid a fair wage
Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
ANXIETY GROWS ABOUT
RISING COST OF LIVING RISING COST OF LIVING
THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE
Overall young people in the
Middle East see the region’s
biggest challenge as the rising
cost of living. This is most
pronounced in the Gulf
countries. Unemployment,
human rights and the economy
follow behind. Young people in
non-Gulf countries are more
48%
34%
26%
24%
20%
20%
17%
54
36
26
28
17
20
19
39
32
26
19
24
20
13
Rising cost of living
Unemployment
Human rights
The economy
The gap between the rich and the poor
Dangers of drugs
Corruption in government and public life
concerned with the gap
between the rich and the poor.
Which of the following would you say is the
biggest challenge facing the Middle East today?
Among All
17%
17%
16%
15%
13%
13%
13%
12%
12%
11%
20
14
19
15
15
15
12
11
14
11
13
14
21
12
15
11
11
14
12
10
12
The loss of traditional values and culture
Opportunities for women
Personal debt
The quality of education in schools
Middle East conflicts
International conflicts
Crime / law and order
Shortage of affordable housing
Climate change and the environment
Reliable electricity supply
Among All GCC Non GCC
GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR OF
INCREASING CONCERNINCREASING CONCERN
CONCERNS FOR 2011
• As well as being the biggest challenge, the rising cost of
living is also the primary concern for youth across the
region. There has been a sharp increase in concern over the
rise of Islamist movements which is in tandem with a rising
interest in democracy in the region.
• Unemployment remains one of the key concerns, while the
rich/poor divide is an increasing concern.
Among All
How concerned would you say you are
about each of the following issues?
(% very concerned)
+10 +9
Added in 2010
CONCERNS FOR 2011
• Concerns over the rise in the cost of living and unemployment
are constants throughout the Arab world, but other issues are of
greater concern to those outside the wealthy Gulf states (GCC)
• Those in non-GCC countries are most concerned about the role of
Islam in political life. HIV/Aids, access to clean water and the
growing wealth gap Among All
How concerned would you say you are
about each of the following issues?
(% very concerned)
77
45 45
6363
77
56
47
58 5957 57
5350
46 4649
71
6063
55
45
68
5653
46 47
58 58
5350
CONCERNS FOR 2011
• Those in Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain are the most concerned about the rise in cost of
living. In Egypt, standard of living and unemployment are also of concern, providing the
backdrop on which to view January and February’s protests.
How concerned would you say you are
about each of the following issues? Top 5
(% very concerned)
45
33
4340
33
45
13
3531
25
47
16
35
41
25
43
34
21
38
24
4642
46 4546 4744
Rising cost of living Access to clean water The gap between the rich
and the poor
Unemployment Standard of living in your
country of residence
Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
LESS OPTIMISM ABOUT ECONOMIC
RECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOKRECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
GENERAL OUTLOOK• Overall, the majority of Arab youth feel that their country is going in the right direction. Young people in
the GCC countries are more likely to believe that their country is heading in the right direction, though
there has been a positive uplift in non-GCC countries.
• Young Qataris feel most positive about their country’s direction, likely helped by winning the 2022 World
Cup.
• Egypt and Lebanon remain the most negative about their countries. This could be attributed to the slow
recovery from the recession, and from concerns about how to bridge the gap between the rising cost of
living and unemployment.
Thinking about the last five years, do you
think things in your country of residence
are going in the right direction or are
66 61
Right Direction
Among All
are going in the right direction or are
they going in the wrong direction?
* Iraq added for 2010 data
% Right direction
11 13
23 27
2009 2010
Right Direction
Wrong Direction
Don't know
ECONOMIC RECOVERY
• In Gulf countries, there is a stronger belief that their countries have recovered from the economic crisis.
• Three quarters of young people in Qatar believe their country has completely recovered from the
economic downturn. More than half feel the same in Kuwait.
• In Jordan and Iraq, over 9 in 10 say they have partially recovered, but that there is still a way to go. One
year on from the Dubai World Default, one third of youth in UAE believe the country has fully recovered
but two thirds believe recovery is only partial at this stage.
• Youth in Egypt and Lebanon are least positive about their country’s recovery. Young people are divided
between seeing a partial recovery and none at all.
Do you believe your country of residence has
recovered from the economic downturn?
EDUCATION GAP WIDENS BETWEENS GULF
STATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIESSTATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIES
EDUCATION
• There is a split among youth in the region on entering further education.
• Nine out of ten in UAE plan to go into further education in the future, while almost equal numbers in
Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan do not, reflecting the split between GCC and non-GCC markets.
48%46%
6%
Yes
No
Do you plan on going onto further education?
Among those in full-time education
+3
-6
48%46% No
Don't know
+3
Red box shows change from 2009
INCREASING PREFERENCE TO WORK IN
PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START
OWN BUSINESS
FUTURE CAREERS
• The number of young people preferring to work for the government has declined slightly this
year. It is particularly low in Egypt. The private sector has appeal in Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and
Egypt.
• In the Gulf, there is a greater appeal for government jobs Would you prefer to work for the
Government or the private sector?
Among All
43 47
46 40Government
Private Sector
No preference
1 210 11
43 47
2009 2010
No preference
Don't know
1 410 13
37
64
5219
GCC Non GCC
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
• Half of 18-24 years olds in the region intend to start their own business in the next five years. Primarily
those in KSA, Oman and UAE carry the most entrepreneurial spirit.
• However, Egyptian youth are the least likely to see the potential of owning their own business and Iraqis
are unsure of their intention, potentially as a result of the current climate.
• There is a greater interest in starting a business in GCC countries and among Expats.
51%
17%Yes
Do you intend to start your own business
within the next five years? Among All
51%
32%
No
Don't know
9066 64 53 53 48 37 33 29 29
6232
50 58
1026
16 38 4325 44 43 61
9
26
4133 26
9 20 9 427 19 24
10
61
1226 17 17
KSA Oman UAE Qatar Bahrain Kuwait Jordan Lebanon Egypt Iraq GCC Non GCC Nationals Expats
INTERNET MAKES MORE INROADS,
WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING
IN INFLUENCE
INTERNET USAGE
• Daily usage of the internet has grown overall this year. While under 3 in 5 used the Internet
daily in 2009, now 80% use it on a daily basis.
• Internet usage is equal in GCC and non-GCC countries.
How often do you generally use the Internet?
(% Daily)
Among All
80%80%2010
2010 (% Daily)
80%80%
56%56%
2010
2009
INTERNET USAGE
• The main online activities among Arab youth involve
listening to music and social networking.
• Online social networking has increased by almost a
third in the past 12 months and now almost one in
five read blogs, reflecting the power of this medium in
the region at the moment.
61 59
66
60
What do you do when
you are online?
Among All +28%
3237
3127
32 32
1815
5
29
16 14
22
9
44 42
33
26 25 23 21 20 18 18
12 11 106
2009 2010
+13%
INTERNET USAGE
• Social networking is most popular in Iraq and Egypt.
In Egypt this supports the widespread use of social
media during the protests.
83
What do you do when
you are online?
Among All
83
72 69 67 6459 57 55
49
36
2515 18
2516 17 17 19
1118
613 12 9 9 13 10 12 14 10
Iraq Egypt Kuwait Jordan Bahrain Qatar Oman Lebanon UAE KSA
Social networking Read blogs Blogging
TELEVISION THE MOST POPULAR AND
TRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWSTRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWS
Where do you get your news?
Among All
6019
11
3
In your opinion what is the
most trusted source of news?
Among All
TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET
• Television and newspapers are the most popular news sources. TV news channels are the
most trusted overall, particularly in Qatar. Trust is low in Kuwait and Egypt, but lowest in
Bahrain.
• Trust is highest in TV news channels, particularly in Qatar.
Newspapers
Websites
Other
6019
85
72
72
71
71
58
55
45
44
25
Qatar
Iraq
Lebanon
Jordan
KSA
UAE
Oman
Kuwait
Egypt
Bahrain
TV news
channels
TRADITIONAL VALUES ARE PARAMOUNT,
WHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCEWHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCE
VALUES AND INFLUENCE
• Traditional values and their preservation for future generations are extremely
important across the whole region, in both the GCC and non-GCC countries. The
feeling is particularly acute in Iraq and Bahrain.
Which of the following is closest to your view?
VALUES AND INFLUENCE
• Parents continue to have the most influence on life outlook for Arab youth in the
region.
• Family and friends have also increased as an influence.
How far would you say each of the following
influence you and your outlook on life?
(% very influential)
Among All
VALUES AND INFLUENCE
• Religion is more influential in GCC countries. The immediate impact of parents,
family and friends has greater resonance in the non-GCC countries.
81
70
79
87
7773
How far would you say each of the following
influence you and your outlook on life?
(% very influential)
Among All
52
35
43
3639
33 34 35
29
5045
22
30
19 21 20 18 16
GCC Non GCC
INCREASE IN POSITIVE PERCEPTION OF
GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE
OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
How favourable are you to the following countries?
(% Very favourable)
FOREIGN RELATIONS
• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on
favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.
United
KingdomFrance
How favourable are you to the following countries?
(% Very favourable)
FOREIGN RELATIONS
• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on
favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.
69
23
1 5 29 12
3626
17
I have travelled abroad
this year
I have not yet travelled
abroad this year, but am
planning to
I have no interest in
travelling abroad
I am planning to travel
abroad in the next
couple of years
I would like to travel
abroad, but currently
cannot afford It
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
How important is the idea of global citizenship -
the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic,
religious or national background - to you?
(% very important)
• The concept of global citizenship is increasingly important for many 18-24 year olds in the region,
particularly in Lebanon, Qatar, Oman and Iraq.
• UAE, Bahrain and Egypt place less importance on the notion in comparison to last year.
• Non GCC countries are more committed to the idea of global citizenship.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
• Global citizenship is less important in Bahrain and KSA. Just under half of young people in Bahrain
consider the idea to be important – the lowest number in the region.
How important is the idea of global citizenship -
the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic,
religious or national background - to you?
(% very important)
UPDATE: POST-PROTEST INSIGHTSUPDATE: POST-PROTEST INSIGHTS
TOP 5 FINDINGS
1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but so is desire for stability
2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate
3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo
4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact
5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-looking
Methodology: Following unrest in the Middle East in January 2011, Penn Schoen Berland (PSB)
conducted an additional 500 interviews in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq. Interviews
were conducted among Arab national youth aged 18-24. Fieldwork was conducted between
February 26-March 5, 2011, in capital cities.
IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER
THAN EVER – BUT SO IS DESIRE FOR STABILITY
• It is clear that living in a democratic country and domestic stability are important to young
people. Living without fear of terrorism has grown in importance.
• While political issues are salient, there has been a growing importance of fundamental issues
like family, being able to find a job, and having access to credit.
77
61 61 61 61 60 59 59 58 56 56 55 54 54 5349
92 89
6572
76 75 77
65 64
77 76 77 76
60 63
73 7568
5849
Jan. 2011
MOST IMPORTANT
How important are each of the following
to you?
(% very important)
Among All
56 56 55 54 54 5349 47
43 4149
Feb. 2011
Added in Feb. 2011
MOST IMPORTANT
How important are each of the following to you? Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
Living in a democratic country 92 90 100 89 89
Domestic Stability 89 100 100 88 100
Having access to the best universities 55 85 70 47 74
Being paid a fair wage 86 69 75 57 70
Being able to get married and start a family 84 89 82 53 79
Having access to reliable healthcare 95 86 81 48 61
Owning my own home 83 96 82 58 68
Living in a safe neighbourhood 78 65 65 55 59
Having access to high speed internet 55 86 75 55 70
Living without fear of terrorism 81 89 80 53 76Living without fear of terrorism 81 89 80 53 76
Being able to find a job 86 84 83 65 61
Maintaining a close relationship with my family 84 90 95 55 69
Having the opportunities to excel in my career 71 85 86 47 75
Being able to afford luxuries 39 70 69 48 74
Having good infrastructure like electricity, clean
water, safe roads79 68 54 42 70
Ensuring equal rights/opportunities for women 80 87 73 52 73
Readily available credit from banks to start a
business68 90 90 38 71
Opportunities to emigrate 62 79 88 33 72
Preserving traditional values 52 72 49 55 60
Being able to travel and go on holidays when I want 37 66 47 35 62
Denotes biggest increase
from Jan. 2011 Note: Low bases, data is directional
CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING, CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING,
AND CORRUPTION, CONTINUES TO ESCALATE
62
54 53
7972
67
56 56
64 6670
62 6559
54
6662
4753
4855 56 54 54
5952
CONCERNS FOR 2011
• Unsurprisingly, political and economic issues are a growing concern for young people.
Increasingly corruption in government and lack of political franchise are a concern.
Nevertheless, a desire to preserve traditional values endures.
• Since January, there has been an increase in concerns about healthcare, housing and law and
order. How concerned would you say you are
about each of the following issues?
(% very concerned)
Among All
54 5346 44 44 43 43 42 42
3934 34 34 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 26 24 24
42 41 43
5447
5348
54 54 52
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Added in Feb. 2011
INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC
STATUS QUO
Thinking about the last five years, do you
think things in your country of residence
are going in the right direction or are
3866
122
Don't know
Wrong Direction
Right Direction
Among All
COUNTRY’S DIRECTION
• Currently, there is a belief that their country of residence is heading in the wrong direction,
with a sharp decline in Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq among those who see the country
as heading in the right direction.
• There has been little change in the direction in which young Egyptians see their country as
heading.
5038
68
35
55 57
31 33 38
19
4126
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
are going in the right direction or are
they going in the wrong direction?
% Right direction 5031
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
Right Direction
Thinking about the last couple of
months, do you think things in your
country of residence are going in the
right direction or are they going in the
wrong direction?
COUNTRY’S DIRECTION
• Egyptians are most likely to see their country heading in the right direction in the long term,
potentially reflecting the time that has elapsed since the large-scale protests.
28 36 31 29 3213
28
51
2310
27
27
43
12
4661
3860
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
Right direction at the moment Right direction in the long term Wrong direction Don’t know
SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS
BELIEF IN THEIR POSITIVE IMPACT
Do you believe these protests will have a
positive or negative impact in the lives of
the people in your country?
IMPACT OF PROTESTS
8 13 8 3 7 8
• Three in four see the protests as having a positive impact in the lives of the people. Young
people in Egypt are the most positive, and least negative overall.
74 79 77 76 73 66
18 8 15 21 2026
8 13 8 8
Among All Egypt Bahrain Jordan Iraq Lebanon
Don't know
Negative
Positive
9489
938990 91
How much do you support or not
support the protests in..?
Very supportive
SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS
• Young people are supportive of the protests in all the regions. Support is lowest among youth
in Bahrain, where they support the protests in their own countries, but are less supportive of
others.
• Support overall is lowest regarding events in Yemen.
81 8178
7471
94
66 69 69
52
8580 79
76
7581
8993
8289
66
90
59 61
51
79 80
91
8186
Egypt Bahrain Tunisia Libya Yemen
Among all Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
75
75
66
63
17
14
23
30
6
7
8
5
3
4
4
1
Do you believe these protests will have a positive or negative
impact in the lives of the people in your country?
SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS• Greatest agreement is for the stepping down of political leaders.
• Strongest disagreement comes from the shutting down of the internet and communications
services during the protests, and the use of military to control them.
The calls for Qaddafi
to step down in Libya
The resignation of President Mubarak
Yemeni president declaring that
he will not seek another term in office
The resignation of
President Ben Ali of Tunisia 63
62
61
60
50
20
17
8
30
28
28
20
24
13
24
6
5
7
8
10
12
14
27
9
1
3
3
10
14
53
32
78
Agree a lot Agree somewhat
Disagree somewhat Disagree a lot
President Ben Ali of Tunisia
A call for constitutional
reforms in Bahrain
King Abdullah’s dismissal of
the Jordanian Cabinet and Prime Minister
The protests represent the views
of the citizens of these countries
President Bashir of Sudan announcing
he will not seek another term
The use of police and the
military to control the protests
The protesters represent the views of
only a minority in these countries
Shutting down of Internet/ comm. services
by the gov’t during the recent protests
75 75
6663 62 61 60
50
68
82
53
77
48
55
64 63
8386
83
83
7376
70
91
74
67
61 615757 59 57
54
7774
79
6670
72
56
65
SUPPORT OF PROTESTS
How far do you agree or disagree with
the following?
Agree a lot
• It is clear that young people are supportive of the resignation of Mubarak, Gaddafi, the
Yemeni President, and Ben Ali, and they see the protests as representing the views of the
people. In Bahrain, this support is less pronounced.
50
2017
8
5348
22
5
20
44
1924
1
44
38
26
20
10
47 47
40 39
28
13
57
24
3
Resignation of
President
Mubarak of
Egypt
Calls for
Gaddafi to
step down in
Libya
Yemeni
president
declaring he
will not seek
another term
Resignation of
President Ben
Ali of Tunisia
Call for
constitutional
reforms in
Bahrain
King Abdulla's
dismissal of
Jordanian
Cabinet and
PM
Protests
represent the
views of the
citizens of
these
countries
Pres. Bashir of
Sudan
announcing he
will not seek
another term
Use of police
and the
military to
control the
protests
Protesters
represent the
views of only a
minority
Shutting down
of internet/
comms
services by
gov't during
protests
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
86
79 7774
71
8680 85
82
98
8893
8089
7275
68
81
97
8076
72
8076
73
80
68
92
8176
8075 73
70
• The desire for greater democracy is seen as the biggest contributing factor to the protests
overall, and in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. In Bahrain, in particular, the economic
downturn is a cause, though economic issues resonate across all markets.
• In Jordan and Lebanon, foreign influence in the region is seen to have been impactful.
Thinking about the recent protests in the
region, what do you believe contributed to
these situations in the Middle East?
Very influential
CAUSE OF PROTESTS
7166 65
61 5954
58
64 63 62
36
53
7268
56
72
62 6056
68
5356
52 54 52
46
27
48
62
56
70
52
Desire for
greater
democracy
Economic
downturn
Unemployment Reaction
against
corruption in
public life
Rising cost of
living
Standard of
living in your
country of
residence
Desire for
greater human
rights
The gap
between the
rich and the
poor
Foreign
influence in the
region
The loss of
traditional
values and
culture
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
47
74
4042
40
• The majority have not participated in anti-Government protests, but they either know people
who have or have participated in other ways.
Which of the following apply to you?
ROLE IN PROTESTS
31 31
2220
15
21 2326
15
35
21
11
16
711
3 47
40
10
31
42
27
22
29
40
10
21
I have not been involved in the
anti-Government street protests
but I know people who have
Though I have not participated
in the anti-Government street
protests, I have participated in
other ways
I read/posted messages about it
on Facebook (or other social
networking site like Orkut or
Friendster)
I have participated in the anti-
Government street protests
I read/posted videos about it on
YouTube
Base Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL
AND FORWARD-LOOKING
26
3
29
19
33
16
12
62Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Liberal Centre Conservative No political views
20 36 19 25Jan. 2011
POLITICAL VIEWS
• Young people have become increasingly politicised since the unrest. They are either
increasingly liberal in their outlook, or less apathetic.
Egypt
67
12
27
10
67
46
72
26
17
24
35
29
12
42
17
62
15
63
26
12
19
10
10
5
1
1
12
49
2
2
1
7
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
51
20
22
36
20
19
6
25
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Iraq
Lebanon
Jordan
Bahrain
82 18Jan. 2011
87
85
13
15
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Traditional values mean a lot to me, and ought to be preserved for generations to come.
Traditional values are out-dated and belong in the past. I am keen to embrace modern values and beliefs.
TRADITIONAL VALUES
• Traditional values endure, but there has been a movement toward embracing modern values
and beliefs. This is particularly acute in Lebanon and Iraq.
Egypt
71
82
29
18
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
58
94
90
91
48
85
71
71
42
6
10
9
52
15
29
29
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Iraq
Lebanon
Jordan
Bahrain
SUMMARY: TOP FINDINGS
1. An enduring desire for democracy
2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living
3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern
4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook
5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab
countries
1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but
so is desire for stability
2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption,
continues to escalate
3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo
4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in
2010 2011
6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to
start own business
7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in
influence
8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news
9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in
influence
10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of
global citizenship
their positive impact
5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-
looking
March 15, 2011
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