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11Chemistry Set A - Paper 2©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
Chemistry H
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler • a calculator • the Periodic Table (found at the end of the paper).
Materials
Advice
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Information
• There are 100 marks available on this paper.• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.• When answering questions 02.5 and 06.1 you need to make sure that your answer: – is clear, logical, sensibly structured – fully meets the requirements of the question – shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.
Instructions
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
SET A – Paper 2 Higher TierAuthor: Sunetra Berry
AQAGCSE
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2 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
01.1 Fractional distillation of crude oil produces many useful products.
Table 1.1 gives data about the products from the fractionating column and the
number of carbon atoms they contain.
Table 1.1
Product Number of carbon atoms
kerosene 10–16
petroleum gas 1–4
diesel oil 16–20
heavy fuel oil 20–79
Which product has the highest boiling point?
Tick one box.
Petroleum gas
Kerosene
Heavy fuel oil
Diesel oil [1 mark]
01.2 Explain how fractional distillation works.
[3 marks]
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3Chemistry Set A - Paper 2©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
01.3 State one use of substances produced by the petrochemical industry.
[1 mark]
01.4 Which one of the following structures is not likely to be found in crude oil?
Tick one box.
[1 mark]
01.5 Diesel oil has a typical formula C14H30
Is it an alkene or an alkane?
Explain your answer.
[1 mark]
Question 1 continues on the next page
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4 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
01.6 Diesel (C14H30) and petrol (C8H18) are both important fuels.
How do their properties differ in terms of flammability, boiling point and viscosity?
[3 marks]
01.7 One mole of diesel (C14H30) can be cracked to form three moles of ethene and
one other hydrocarbon.
Write a balanced symbol equation for this.
[1 mark]
01.8 Compare catalytic cracking with steam cracking.
[4 marks]
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5©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
02.1 What is the difference between potable water and pure water?
[1 mark]
02.2 Two rivers, A and B, were considered as possible sources of drinking water.
Water samples from both rivers were analysed to test if they were potable.
The data from both rivers are given in Table 2.1, alongside data for recommended
safe drinking water quality.
Table 2.1
Maximum recommended level
River A River B
hardness 1500 mg/l 1000 mg/l 3000 mg/l
Ion
co
nce
ntr
atio
n
(mg
/l)
chloride 500 12 800 500
sulfate 1000 1 1
iron 50 20 30
magnesium 200 150 150
sodium 500 3000 500
nitrate 50 20 20
pH value 6.0–8.5 5.5 7.0
Which of the two rivers would be most appropriate to use as a source for potential
potable water?
Give three reasons for your answer.
Use the data in Table 2.1
Question 2 continues on the next page
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6 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
River
Reasons
[4 marks]
02.3 What are the two water treatment processes used to treat water from all potential
water sources?
[2 marks]
02.4 Explain why ozone may be added to produce potable water.
[1 mark]
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7©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
02.5 Potable water can be produced either from seawater or from groundwater.
Compare the similarities and differences in the processes involved to obtain potable
water from each of these sources.
[6 marks]
Turn over >
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8 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
03 Ammonia is produced using this reaction:
nitrogen + hydrogen ⇋ ammonia
03.1 What does the ⇋ sign mean?
[1 mark]
03.2 If the reaction is exothermic in the forward direction, what can you say about the
reverse direction?
[1 mark]
03.3 Describe the conditions used industrially for the reaction above.
[3 marks]
03.4 NPK fertilisers are produced from different raw materials.
Name the two substances that are needed to make ammonium phosphate.
[2 marks]
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9©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
03.5 NPK fertilisers are formulations of various salts containing appropriate percentages
of the elements.
The salts contain three important elements.
State the names of these elements.
[2 marks]
03.6 Phosphate rock contains calcium phosphate.
When treated with nitric acid the products are a weak acid and a salt of a strong acid.
The weak acid is reacted with ammonium hydroxide to produce ammonium phosphate,
a soluble salt that is used as a fertiliser.
Write two word equations to show these two reactions which lead to the production
of ammonium phosphate.
[4 marks]
Turn over >
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10 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
04 In horse racing, drugs such as caffeine and paracetamol are illegal.
They must not be given to the horses.
Paper chromatography can help to detect caffeine and paracetamol in racehorse urine.
The solvent used is methanol.
The results of a test on three horses are shown in Figure 4.1
Figure 4.1
04.1 What substances make up the stationary phase and the mobile phase?
Stationary phase
Mobile phase [ 2 marks]
04.2 Which horse was free of the illegal substances that were tested for?
[1 mark]
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11©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
04.3 Calculate the Rf values of each illegal substance.
Give your answers to 2 decimal places.
Caffeine
Paracetamol
[2 marks]
04.4 A fourth horse was tested with paper chromatography using propanol instead
of methanol as the solvent.
Both paracetamol and caffeine dissolve in propanol.
The chromatogram showed one spot with an Rf value of 0.75
The solvent front was at 12 cm
Calculate the distance the spot moved up the chromatography paper.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Distance of spot: cm [1 mark]
04.5 Sketch a diagram to show how the apparatus should be set up to produce a
chromatogram for the fourth horse.
[2 marks]
Turn over >
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12 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
05 Flame emission spectroscopy can be used to analyse metal ions in solution.
The results in Figure 5.1 are from an analysis of different metal ions.
Figure 5.1
05.1 Solutions of two of the metal ions were mixed together.
Describe how they could both be identified, using this technique.
[1 mark]
0 5.2 Describe, in simple terms, how the spectra above are produced.
[1 mark]
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13©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
05.3 Flame emission spectroscopy is used to analyse a sample containing a mixture of
Ca2+ and Na+ ions.
Explain why it is difficult to tell these two ions apart using this technique.
[1 mark]
0 5.4 Table 5.1 shows the results from four chemical tests, performed on three salts.
Table 5.1
Test and resultSalt Flame test Test for
sulfate ionsTest for
halide ionsTest for cations
(metal ions)A crimson flame no change cream
precipitateno result
B unclear white precipitate
no result brown precipitate
C orange-red no change yellow precipitate
white precipitate
Describe how the tests for sulfate ions, halide ions and cations were carried out.
sulfate:
halide:
cations:
[3 marks]
Question 5 continues on the next page
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14 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
05.5 Identify the three salts from the results in Table 5.1
Salt A:
Salt B:
Salt C: [3 marks]
05.6 Describe two advantages of flame emission spectroscopy compared with a
flame test.
[2 marks]
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15©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
06.1 A student wanted to compare the effect of four different catalysts on the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
The equation for the reaction is:
2H2O2 O2 + 2H2O
The catalysts were:
• manganese dioxide
• iron(III) oxide
• copper oxide
• lead(IV) oxide
Describe how the student should carry out the investigation to ensure that results
are reproducible and as accurate as possible.
State the maximum volume and resolution of the equipment you will need to
measure any gases.
[6 marks]
Question 6 continues on the next page
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16 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
06.2 Add a curve to complete the sketch graph below, to show the reaction profile of the reaction.
Add a second curve to show the effect that a catalyst has on the energy of the reaction.
Label the two curves.
[2 marks]
0 6.3 Explain why a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.
[2 marks]
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17©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
0 6.4 The student used potato pieces to catalyse the reaction.
The mass loss from hydrogen peroxide was measured over time.
Table 6.1 shows the results.
Table 6.1
Time (min) Mass (g)
0 10.000
1 9.954
2 9.937
3 9.927
4 9.922
5 9.920
6 9.920
Plot the results on the graph below.
Draw a line of best fit.
[4 marks]
Question 6 continues on the next page
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18 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
06.5 Calculate the rate of reaction after 3 minutes.
Show your working on the graph.
Give your answer in Standard Form.
[4 marks]
06.6 Lead(IV) oxide is a more effective catalyst than potato.
On your graph, sketch the curve you would expect if lead(IV) oxide was used
instead of potato.
[2 marks]
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19©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
07.1 Polymers can be produced from the same monomers, or from different monomers.
Complete Table 7.1 to give one repeating unit of polymer for each pair of monomers.
State whether the polymer has been made from addition or condensation polymerisation.
Table 7.1
Monomer 1 Monomer 2 One repeating unit of polymer
Condensation or addition
polymerisation
[3 marks]
Question 7 continues on the next page
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20 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
07.2 Shopping bags can be made from polythene (polymer poly(ethene)) or from paper.
In order to determine which material is preferable, a life-cycle assessment is carried
out to assess the environmental impact of each product.
Table 7.2 provides information from a life-cycle assessment of making bags from
both plastic and paper.
Table 7.2
Plastic Paper
Raw materials Crude oil Wood
Energy to make (MJ) (per bag) 1.7 1.5
Number of times bag can be used More than once Once
Biodegradability (per bag) 700 years 1 month
Decide which material is most suitable.
Suggest two reasons why it is the most suitable.
[3 marks]
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21©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
07.3 The information from the life-cycle assessment above is not complete.
Table 7.3 provides more data (per bag).
Table 7.3
Plastic Paper
Solid waste (g) 14 50
Gaseous pollutants released (including greenhouse gases) (kg) 8.1 29.1
Waste emitted into water (kg) 0.8 14.2
How does this new information affect your decision?
Give reasons for your answer.
[3 marks]
07.4 Looking at your answers to previous questions, what conclusions can you draw
about the use of life-cycle assessments?
[2 marks]
Turn over >
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22 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
08.1 Table 8.1 shows three exothermic, reversible reactions at equilibrium, and the
energy each gives out.
Table 8.1
Reaction Equation Energy given out (kJ)
1 C2H5OH(l) + CH3COOH(l) ⇋ CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l) 20
2 N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g) 92
3 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇋ 2SO3(g) 197
If the pressure of each reaction is increased by the same amount, which reaction
will be affected the most?
Give two reasons for your answer.
[3 marks]
08.2 If the temperature of each reaction is increased by the same amount it has the
same overall effect on all three reactions.
Explain why this is the case.
[2 marks]
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23©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
08.3 Reaction 4 is given below:
N2O4 (g) ⇋ 2NO2 (g)
During the reaction, energy is taken in.
The temperature of reaction 4 and reaction 3 from the table are both increased.
Compare and contrast the effect on both reactions.
[3 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
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24 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2
Hh
yd
rog
en
34
56
71
2
0 o
r 8
Non-m
eta
ls
Meta
ls
Key
1 17 Li
lith
ium
3
9 Be
be
rylli
um
4
23
Na
so
diu
m
11
39 K
po
tassiu
m
19
85
Rb
rub
idiu
m
37
133
Cs
ca
esiu
m
55
[223]
Fr
fra
nc
ium
87
24
Mg
ma
gn
esiu
m
12
40
Ca
ca
lciu
m
20
88
Sr
str
on
tiu
m
38
137
Ba
ba
riu
m
56
[226]
Ra
rad
ium
88
45
Sc
sc
an
diu
m
21
89 Y
ytt
riu
m
39
139
La*
lan
tha
nu
m
57
[227]
Ac*
ac
tin
ium
89
48 Ti
tita
niu
m
22
91
Zr
zirc
on
ium
40
178
Hf
ha
fniu
m
72
[261]
Rf
ruth
erford
ium
104
51 V
va
na
diu
m
23
93
Nb
nio
biu
m
41
181
Ta
tan
talu
m
73
[262]
Db
du
bn
ium
105
52
Cr
ch
rom
ium
24
96
Mo
moly
bd
enum
42
184
Wtu
ng
ste
n
74
[266]
Sg
se
ab
org
ium
106
55
Mn
ma
ng
an
ese
25
[98]
Tc
tec
hn
etiu
m
43
186
Re
rhe
niu
m
75
[264]
Bh
bo
hriu
m
107
56
Fe
iro
n
26
101
Ru
ruth
en
ium
44
190
Os
osm
ium
76
[277]
Hs
ha
ssiu
m
108
59
Co
co
ba
lt
27
103
Rh
rho
diu
m
45
192
Iririd
ium
77
[268]
Mt
me
itn
eriu
m
109
59
Ni
nic
ke
l
28
106
Pd
pa
llad
ium
46
195
Pt
pla
tin
um
78
[271]
Ds
darm
stad
tium
110
63.5
Cu
co
pp
er
29
108
Ag
silv
er
47
197
Au
go
ld
79
[272]
Rg
roe
ntg
en
ium
111
65
Zn
zin
c
30
112
Cd
ca
dm
ium
48
201
Hg
me
rcu
ry
80
11 B
bo
ron
5 27
Al
alu
min
ium
13
70
Ga
ga
lliu
m
31
115
Inin
diu
m
49
204
Tl
tha
lliu
m
81
12 C
ca
rbo
n
6 28
Si
sili
co
n
14
73
Ge
ge
rma
niu
m
32
119
Sn
tin
50
207
Pb
lea
d
82
14 N
nitro
ge
n
7 31 P
ph
osp
ho
rus
15
75
As
ars
en
ic
33
122
Sb
an
tim
on
y
51
209
Bi
bis
mu
th
83
16 O
oxyg
en
8 32 S
su
lfu
r
16
79
Se
se
len
ium
34
128
Te
tellu
riu
m
52
[209]
Po
po
lon
ium
84
19 F
flu
orin
e
9
35.5
Cl
ch
lorin
e
17
80
Br
bro
min
e
35
127 I
iod
ine
53
[210]
At
asta
tin
e
85
20
Ne
ne
on
10
40
Ar
arg
on
18
84
Kr
kry
pto
n
36
131
Xe
xe
no
n
54
[222]
Rn
rad
on
864 He
he
lium
2
*The lanth
anid
es (
ato
mic
num
bers
58–71)
and
the a
ctinid
es (
ato
mic
num
bers
90–103)
have b
een o
mitte
d.
The r
ela
tive a
tom
ic m
asses o
f cop
per
and
chlo
rine h
ave n
ot b
een r
ound
ed
to the n
eare
st w
hole
num
ber.
Na
me
Ato
mic
/pro
ton
nu
mb
er
Ato
mic
sy
mb
ol
Re
lati
ve
ato
mic
ma
ss
[294]
Uu
ou
nu
no
ctiu
m
118
[285]
Cn
co
pe
rnic
ium
112
[286]
Uu
tu
nu
ntr
ium
113
[289]
Fl
fle
roviu
m
114
[289]
Uu
pu
nu
np
en
tiu
m
115
[293]
Lv
live
rmo
riu
m
116
[294]
Uu
su
nu
nse
ptiu
m
117
The Periodic Table
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