AQA Chemistry H - Collins€¦ · 2 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 01.1...

Name:

11Chemistry Set A - Paper 2©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018

Chemistry H

For this paper you must have:

• a ruler • a calculator • the Periodic Table (found at the end of the paper).

Materials

Advice

• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

Information

• There are 100 marks available on this paper.• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.• When answering questions 02.5 and 06.1 you need to make sure that your answer: – is clear, logical, sensibly structured – fully meets the requirements of the question – shows that each separate point or step supports the overall answer.

Instructions

• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

SET A – Paper 2 Higher TierAuthor: Sunetra Berry

AQAGCSE

82721_Chem_H_Set A_P2_RP1.indd 182721_Chem_H_Set A_P2_RP1.indd 1 20/11/2018 11:4520/11/2018 11:45

FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY

2 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018Chemistry Set A - Paper 2

01.1 Fractional distillation of crude oil produces many useful products.

Table 1.1 gives data about the products from the fractionating column and the

number of carbon atoms they contain.

Table 1.1

Product Number of carbon atoms

kerosene 10–16

petroleum gas 1–4

diesel oil 16–20

heavy fuel oil 20–79

Which product has the highest boiling point?

Tick one box.

Petroleum gas

Kerosene

Heavy fuel oil

Diesel oil [1 mark]

01.2 Explain how fractional distillation works.

[3 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY

3Chemistry Set A - Paper 2©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018

01.3 State one use of substances produced by the petrochemical industry.

[1 mark]

01.4 Which one of the following structures is not likely to be found in crude oil?

Tick one box.

[1 mark]

01.5 Diesel oil has a typical formula C14H30

Is it an alkene or an alkane?

Explain your answer.

[1 mark]

Question 1 continues on the next page


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


01.6 Diesel (C14H30) and petrol (C8H18) are both important fuels.

How do their properties differ in terms of flammability, boiling point and viscosity?

[3 marks]

01.7 One mole of diesel (C14H30) can be cracked to form three moles of ethene and

one other hydrocarbon.

Write a balanced symbol equation for this.

[1 mark]

01.8 Compare catalytic cracking with steam cracking.

[4 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY

5©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2

02.1 What is the difference between potable water and pure water?

[1 mark]

02.2 Two rivers, A and B, were considered as possible sources of drinking water.

Water samples from both rivers were analysed to test if they were potable.

The data from both rivers are given in Table 2.1, alongside data for recommended

safe drinking water quality.

Table 2.1

Maximum recommended level

River A River B

hardness 1500 mg/l 1000 mg/l 3000 mg/l

Ion

co

nce

ntr

atio

n

(mg

/l)

chloride 500 12 800 500

sulfate 1000 1 1

iron 50 20 30

magnesium 200 150 150

sodium 500 3000 500

nitrate 50 20 20

pH value 6.0–8.5 5.5 7.0

Which of the two rivers would be most appropriate to use as a source for potential

potable water?

Give three reasons for your answer.

Use the data in Table 2.1



FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


River

Reasons

[4 marks]

02.3 What are the two water treatment processes used to treat water from all potential

water sources?

[2 marks]

02.4 Explain why ozone may be added to produce potable water.

[1 mark]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


02.5 Potable water can be produced either from seawater or from groundwater.

Compare the similarities and differences in the processes involved to obtain potable

water from each of these sources.

[6 marks]

Turn over >


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


03 Ammonia is produced using this reaction:

nitrogen + hydrogen ⇋ ammonia

03.1 What does the ⇋ sign mean?

[1 mark]

03.2 If the reaction is exothermic in the forward direction, what can you say about the

reverse direction?

[1 mark]

03.3 Describe the conditions used industrially for the reaction above.

[3 marks]

03.4 NPK fertilisers are produced from different raw materials.

Name the two substances that are needed to make ammonium phosphate.

[2 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


03.5 NPK fertilisers are formulations of various salts containing appropriate percentages

of the elements.

The salts contain three important elements.

State the names of these elements.

[2 marks]

03.6 Phosphate rock contains calcium phosphate.

When treated with nitric acid the products are a weak acid and a salt of a strong acid.

The weak acid is reacted with ammonium hydroxide to produce ammonium phosphate,

a soluble salt that is used as a fertiliser.

Write two word equations to show these two reactions which lead to the production

of ammonium phosphate.

[4 marks]

Turn over >


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


04 In horse racing, drugs such as caffeine and paracetamol are illegal.

They must not be given to the horses.

Paper chromatography can help to detect caffeine and paracetamol in racehorse urine.

The solvent used is methanol.

The results of a test on three horses are shown in Figure 4.1

Figure 4.1

04.1 What substances make up the stationary phase and the mobile phase?

Stationary phase

Mobile phase [ 2 marks]

04.2 Which horse was free of the illegal substances that were tested for?

[1 mark]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


04.3 Calculate the Rf values of each illegal substance.

Give your answers to 2 decimal places.

Caffeine

Paracetamol

[2 marks]

04.4 A fourth horse was tested with paper chromatography using propanol instead

of methanol as the solvent.

Both paracetamol and caffeine dissolve in propanol.

The chromatogram showed one spot with an Rf value of 0.75

The solvent front was at 12 cm

Calculate the distance the spot moved up the chromatography paper.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Distance of spot: cm [1 mark]

04.5 Sketch a diagram to show how the apparatus should be set up to produce a

chromatogram for the fourth horse.

[2 marks]

Turn over >


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


05 Flame emission spectroscopy can be used to analyse metal ions in solution.

The results in Figure 5.1 are from an analysis of different metal ions.

Figure 5.1

05.1 Solutions of two of the metal ions were mixed together.

Describe how they could both be identified, using this technique.

[1 mark]

0 5.2 Describe, in simple terms, how the spectra above are produced.

[1 mark]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


05.3 Flame emission spectroscopy is used to analyse a sample containing a mixture of

Ca2+ and Na+ ions.

Explain why it is difficult to tell these two ions apart using this technique.

[1 mark]

0 5.4 Table 5.1 shows the results from four chemical tests, performed on three salts.

Table 5.1

Test and resultSalt Flame test Test for

sulfate ionsTest for

halide ionsTest for cations

(metal ions)A crimson flame no change cream

precipitateno result

B unclear white precipitate

no result brown precipitate

C orange-red no change yellow precipitate

white precipitate

Describe how the tests for sulfate ions, halide ions and cations were carried out.

sulfate:

halide:

cations:

[3 marks]



FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


05.5 Identify the three salts from the results in Table 5.1

Salt A:

Salt B:

Salt C: [3 marks]

05.6 Describe two advantages of flame emission spectroscopy compared with a

flame test.

[2 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


06.1 A student wanted to compare the effect of four different catalysts on the rate of

decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

The equation for the reaction is:

2H2O2 O2 + 2H2O

The catalysts were:

• manganese dioxide

• iron(III) oxide

• copper oxide

• lead(IV) oxide

Describe how the student should carry out the investigation to ensure that results

are reproducible and as accurate as possible.

State the maximum volume and resolution of the equipment you will need to

measure any gases.

[6 marks]



FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


06.2 Add a curve to complete the sketch graph below, to show the reaction profile of the reaction.

Add a second curve to show the effect that a catalyst has on the energy of the reaction.

Label the two curves.

[2 marks]

0 6.3 Explain why a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.

[2 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


0 6.4 The student used potato pieces to catalyse the reaction.

The mass loss from hydrogen peroxide was measured over time.

Table 6.1 shows the results.

Table 6.1

Time (min) Mass (g)

0 10.000

1 9.954

2 9.937

3 9.927

4 9.922

5 9.920

6 9.920

Plot the results on the graph below.

Draw a line of best fit.

[4 marks]



FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


06.5 Calculate the rate of reaction after 3 minutes.

Show your working on the graph.

Give your answer in Standard Form.

[4 marks]

06.6 Lead(IV) oxide is a more effective catalyst than potato.

On your graph, sketch the curve you would expect if lead(IV) oxide was used

instead of potato.

[2 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


07.1 Polymers can be produced from the same monomers, or from different monomers.

Complete Table 7.1 to give one repeating unit of polymer for each pair of monomers.

State whether the polymer has been made from addition or condensation polymerisation.

Table 7.1

Monomer 1 Monomer 2 One repeating unit of polymer

Condensation or addition

polymerisation

[3 marks]



FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


07.2 Shopping bags can be made from polythene (polymer poly(ethene)) or from paper.

In order to determine which material is preferable, a life-cycle assessment is carried

out to assess the environmental impact of each product.

Table 7.2 provides information from a life-cycle assessment of making bags from

both plastic and paper.

Table 7.2

Plastic Paper

Raw materials Crude oil Wood

Energy to make (MJ) (per bag) 1.7 1.5

Number of times bag can be used More than once Once

Biodegradability (per bag) 700 years 1 month

Decide which material is most suitable.

Suggest two reasons why it is the most suitable.

[3 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


07.3 The information from the life-cycle assessment above is not complete.

Table 7.3 provides more data (per bag).

Table 7.3

Plastic Paper

Solid waste (g) 14 50

Gaseous pollutants released (including greenhouse gases) (kg) 8.1 29.1

Waste emitted into water (kg) 0.8 14.2

How does this new information affect your decision?

Give reasons for your answer.

[3 marks]

07.4 Looking at your answers to previous questions, what conclusions can you draw

about the use of life-cycle assessments?

[2 marks]

Turn over >


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


08.1 Table 8.1 shows three exothermic, reversible reactions at equilibrium, and the

energy each gives out.

Table 8.1

Reaction Equation Energy given out (kJ)

1 C2H5OH(l) + CH3COOH(l) ⇋ CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l) 20

2 N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g) 92

3 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇋ 2SO3(g) 197

If the pressure of each reaction is increased by the same amount, which reaction

will be affected the most?

Give two reasons for your answer.

[3 marks]

08.2 If the temperature of each reaction is increased by the same amount it has the

same overall effect on all three reactions.

Explain why this is the case.

[2 marks]


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


08.3 Reaction 4 is given below:

N2O4 (g) ⇋ 2NO2 (g)

During the reaction, energy is taken in.

The temperature of reaction 4 and reaction 3 from the table are both increased.

Compare and contrast the effect on both reactions.

[3 marks]

END OF QUESTIONS


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY


Hh

yd

rog

en

34

56

71

2

0 o

r 8

Non-m

eta

ls

Meta

ls

Key

1 17 Li

lith

ium

3

9 Be

be

rylli

um

4

23

Na

so

diu

m

11

39 K

po

tassiu

m

19

85

Rb

rub

idiu

m

37

133

Cs

ca

esiu

m

55

[223]

Fr

fra

nc

ium

87

24

Mg

ma

gn

esiu

m

12

40

Ca

ca

lciu

m

20

88

Sr

str

on

tiu

m

38

137

Ba

ba

riu

m

56

[226]

Ra

rad

ium

88

45

Sc

sc

an

diu

m

21

89 Y

ytt

riu

m

39

139

La*

lan

tha

nu

m

57

[227]

Ac*

ac

tin

ium

89

48 Ti

tita

niu

m

22

91

Zr

zirc

on

ium

40

178

Hf

ha

fniu

m

72

[261]

Rf

ruth

erford

ium

104

51 V

va

na

diu

m

23

93

Nb

nio

biu

m

41

181

Ta

tan

talu

m

73

[262]

Db

du

bn

ium

105

52

Cr

ch

rom

ium

24

96

Mo

moly

bd

enum

42

184

Wtu

ng

ste

n

74

[266]

Sg

se

ab

org

ium

106

55

Mn

ma

ng

an

ese

25

[98]

Tc

tec

hn

etiu

m

43

186

Re

rhe

niu

m

75

[264]

Bh

bo

hriu

m

107

56

Fe

iro

n

26

101

Ru

ruth

en

ium

44

190

Os

osm

ium

76

[277]

Hs

ha

ssiu

m

108

59

Co

co

ba

lt

27

103

Rh

rho

diu

m

45

192

Iririd

ium

77

[268]

Mt

me

itn

eriu

m

109

59

Ni

nic

ke

l

28

106

Pd

pa

llad

ium

46

195

Pt

pla

tin

um

78

[271]

Ds

darm

stad

tium

110

63.5

Cu

co

pp

er

29

108

Ag

silv

er

47

197

Au

go

ld

79

[272]

Rg

roe

ntg

en

ium

111

65

Zn

zin

c

30

112

Cd

ca

dm

ium

48

201

Hg

me

rcu

ry

80

11 B

bo

ron

5 27

Al

alu

min

ium

13

70

Ga

ga

lliu

m

31

115

Inin

diu

m

49

204

Tl

tha

lliu

m

81

12 C

ca

rbo

n

6 28

Si

sili

co

n

14

73

Ge

ge

rma

niu

m

32

119

Sn

tin

50

207

Pb

lea

d

82

14 N

nitro

ge

n

7 31 P

ph

osp

ho

rus

15

75

As

ars

en

ic

33

122

Sb

an

tim

on

y

51

209

Bi

bis

mu

th

83

16 O

oxyg

en

8 32 S

su

lfu

r

16

79

Se

se

len

ium

34

128

Te

tellu

riu

m

52

[209]

Po

po

lon

ium

84

19 F

flu

orin

e

9

35.5

Cl

ch

lorin

e

17

80

Br

bro

min

e

35

127 I

iod

ine

53

[210]

At

asta

tin

e

85

20

Ne

ne

on

10

40

Ar

arg

on

18

84

Kr

kry

pto

n

36

131

Xe

xe

no

n

54

[222]

Rn

rad

on

864 He

he

lium

2

*The lanth

anid

es (

ato

mic

num

bers

58–71)

and

the a

ctinid

es (

ato

mic

num

bers

90–103)

have b

een o

mitte

d.

The r

ela

tive a

tom

ic m

asses o

f cop

per

and

chlo

rine h

ave n

ot b

een r

ound

ed

to the n

eare

st w

hole

num

ber.

Na

me

Ato

mic

/pro

ton

nu

mb

er

Ato

mic

sy

mb

ol

Re

lati

ve

ato

mic

ma

ss

[294]

Uu

ou

nu

no

ctiu

m

118

[285]

Cn

co

pe

rnic

ium

112

[286]

Uu

tu

nu

ntr

ium

113

[289]

Fl

fle

roviu

m

114

[289]

Uu

pu

nu

np

en

tiu

m

115

[293]

Lv

live

rmo

riu

m

116

[294]

Uu

su

nu

nse

ptiu

m

117

The Periodic Table


FOR

US

E O

F D

IGIT

AL

CO

PY

RIG

HT

HO

LDE

R O

NLY

AQA Chemistry H - Collins€¦ · 2 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 01.1...

Documents

Transcript of AQA Chemistry H - Collins€¦ · 2 Chemistry Set A - Paper 2 ©HarperCollinsPublishers 2018 01.1...