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Chapter 24Chemical formulas
Different representationsChemical formula compounds
NHz Hi 3i nitrogen3 hydrogens
CityNaCzH5Q
Shows the ratios of elements inthe compound
hews structure Atom connectivity
oe pair
Also structural formula
Ammonia µ f chemicalAlso bond line formula
I l H Atom ConnectivityH H 3D Shape
Molecular view 3Dimensional Canshow the e cloud
C N O ITI Halogens
Chemical formula w structural Info
structural Info CHzcoolt
molecular formula CzHyOzSame
MolecularformiMetal CH O N HalogenG
H OH
CASCO It H Y c o H
CHsCqHIt
straightbond
IIsahy itmidyear
back in 1 oospace J cO H
wedge H Obofordward
o o
CzH60 molecular formula
Possible Structural Formulas
H H H HI oo I oo
H f o g H H o Ho u oH H H H
Dimethylether Ethanol orEthylalcohol
CHOO CzHao2
structural Isomers Two molecules
That have the same molecular but
different structural formulas
CHI C Formaldehydeits at
CathayEEEEEE
Cz 603 CHzo Empirical formula
CyHoo04
CombustionC It 0
t ETImolar mass Hglmol L1 EmpiricalFormula
glmol
AMolecularFormal
N x Emperical formula molecular
3 x CHzo Cz 603e
whole
n molecularmass
yd Empericalmass
wholepart
value
Molecular Glucose Cultiz06Empirical Formula CHZO
Molecular Formula NaCzHz0z
Empirical Formula alacatts Oz
Molar mass
T.aeE.evieedEomamuorg mole of atoms glmole
12.011gCI mole Catoms
mass _Count
grams will3.22 moles ofHow many
Carbon weighRoad map g
molarmass12.011glmole
moles C g Carbon
3.321molest x 38.553 31 g Cumole CT38.6g CL
Howmany carbon atoms are in a diamond
weighing 1.232g How many moles of carbonis this
Roadmap gglmolefromPT
gNa 6.022
1023
g moi Catoms
5 y4 1 mole C atoms
1 2325 c 1 mole C
6.176924486 x 1022C atoms
In6 177 x 1022C atoms12.011 glmole 12.011g I mole
B How many moles does this represent
gmole C
411232 g C x
1 0 10254226417 rude12.011g C Tf5 0 1026mole C
molarmass PTf6 022
1023
Lg A mole A Atoms Amass count count
There are so many atomsin a small sample thatit is easier to work inmoles
Eq sfqdFwmu Las
H2Owhole Ratios
1 H2O Equalities2 hydrogens to 1 H2O 2 It
atoms 1 H2Omolecule
1 oxygen to 1 H2OI 0 atom 1 H2Omolecule
part whole
2Hydrogens to 1 oxygen 2Itatom 1 oxygen atom
part part
CzHyBrzRelationships are Equalities
2 Catoms I CzHyBrz molecule
4 It atoms I CzH4Bzmolecule
2 Br atoms I CzH4Brz molecule
4ttam
Z C atones 2Br atoms
How many Br atomsare there
in 3.72 1016 molecules of
CzHyBrzCzHyBzmolecule
Br atomscounted Exact
gq3 I2atom g 7,44 10 Br
atoms
3 72 10 moleculesCzHyBrz ieCzHyBz
2 6.022 10236 022 1023
Iffc2HYB.azx2 T3rL
z I mole1 mole
12 boxes 2 12 246 022 1023 2 6.022 1023
H 22 1I 2 1mole 2 mole2x 1dozen 2dozen1 dozen
HyBrz patiod
1 moleculeCzH4Bz 2 atoms Bror
1 mole CzH4Brz 2 moles Brd atoms
ofmolecules
motor ratio
molecular ratio
mole A m Amole B
T lSimpler to use motor ratios
Given 1.62 moles of CzHyBrz How many hidesof Tsr are in the sample
Mole CzHyBrz moleculesCzHyBzatomsfar rides Br
qualifiesl moleC2H4BZ 6 022 102Smolecules HyBzImolecule CzHyBrz 2 atoms Bl
1 62moleCaltyBrzX zHyBz imoleculeCityBz f3.24moleBr
moleCzHyBrz mole Br
2moleFor1 62 moles
CzltyBrzXµBz3.24 moles Br
Ratios
How much does a molecule of H2O weigh4 I fromIT16.00 aww 16,00 aww1 oxygen atom Toxygen
z hydrogenatoms 89 20114Mhydrogen18.016 aww
U
18.020mihµµg arggumforan individual video
16.00g for1moleof
oxygen atoms
How much does a mole of H2Oweigh4 4
1 008g It 2 Olle g2 mole H x 1 moleHe4 4
16 go 16 OE gl move 0 0t moleH2O
18.02g1moleH2O
18.02g H2O 1 moleH2O
1 181A 8A
1 2H 2 13 14 15 16 17 He
Hydrogen 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Helium1.008 4.0033 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.1811 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl ArSodium Magnesium 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 8B 8B 1B 2B Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon22.99 24.30 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.9519 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.84 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.8037 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.95 97.91 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.355 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At RnCesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 209 210 22287 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Uuu Uub Uuq Uuh
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Unununium Ununbium Ununquadium Ununhexium
223 226 261 262 263 262 265 266 269 272 277 289 289
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71Lanthanides La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 145 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.089 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Actinides Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No LrActinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
227 232.0 231.0 238.0 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 262
Periodic RegularRepeating PatternPeriodic Table
Etin
A mass of 1mole glmolearmyatom