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Chapter 24Chemical formulas

Different representationsChemical formula compounds

NHz Hi 3i nitrogen3 hydrogens

CityNaCzH5Q

Shows the ratios of elements inthe compound

hews structure Atom connectivity

oe pair

Also structural formula

Ammonia µ f chemicalAlso bond line formula

I l H Atom ConnectivityH H 3D Shape

Molecular view 3Dimensional Canshow the e cloud

C N O ITI Halogens

Chemical formula w structural Info

structural Info CHzcoolt

molecular formula CzHyOzSame

MolecularformiMetal CH O N HalogenG

H OH

CASCO It H Y c o H

CHsCqHIt

straightbond

IIsahy itmidyear

back in 1 oospace J cO H

wedge H Obofordward

o o

CzH60 molecular formula

Possible Structural Formulas

H H H HI oo I oo

H f o g H H o Ho u oH H H H

Dimethylether Ethanol orEthylalcohol

CHOO CzHao2

structural Isomers Two molecules

That have the same molecular but

different structural formulas

CHI C Formaldehydeits at

CathayEEEEEE

Cz 603 CHzo Empirical formula

CyHoo04

CombustionC It 0

t ETImolar mass Hglmol L1 EmpiricalFormula

glmol

AMolecularFormal

N x Emperical formula molecular

3 x CHzo Cz 603e

whole

n molecularmass

yd Empericalmass

wholepart

value

Molecular Glucose Cultiz06Empirical Formula CHZO

Molecular Formula NaCzHz0z

Empirical Formula alacatts Oz

Molar mass

T.aeE.evieedEomamuorg mole of atoms glmole

12.011gCI mole Catoms

mass _Count

grams will3.22 moles ofHow many

Carbon weighRoad map g

molarmass12.011glmole

moles C g Carbon

3.321molest x 38.553 31 g Cumole CT38.6g CL

Howmany carbon atoms are in a diamond

weighing 1.232g How many moles of carbonis this

Roadmap gglmolefromPT

gNa 6.022

1023

g moi Catoms

5 y4 1 mole C atoms

1 2325 c 1 mole C

6.176924486 x 1022C atoms

In6 177 x 1022C atoms12.011 glmole 12.011g I mole

B How many moles does this represent

gmole C

411232 g C x

1 0 10254226417 rude12.011g C Tf5 0 1026mole C

molarmass PTf6 022

1023

Lg A mole A Atoms Amass count count

There are so many atomsin a small sample thatit is easier to work inmoles

Eq sfqdFwmu Las

H2Owhole Ratios

1 H2O Equalities2 hydrogens to 1 H2O 2 It

atoms 1 H2Omolecule

1 oxygen to 1 H2OI 0 atom 1 H2Omolecule

part whole

2Hydrogens to 1 oxygen 2Itatom 1 oxygen atom

part part

CzHyBrzRelationships are Equalities

2 Catoms I CzHyBrz molecule

4 It atoms I CzH4Bzmolecule

2 Br atoms I CzH4Brz molecule

4ttam

Z C atones 2Br atoms

How many Br atomsare there

in 3.72 1016 molecules of

CzHyBrzCzHyBzmolecule

Br atomscounted Exact

gq3 I2atom g 7,44 10 Br

atoms

3 72 10 moleculesCzHyBrz ieCzHyBz

2 6.022 10236 022 1023

Iffc2HYB.azx2 T3rL

z I mole1 mole

12 boxes 2 12 246 022 1023 2 6.022 1023

H 22 1I 2 1mole 2 mole2x 1dozen 2dozen1 dozen

HyBrz patiod

1 moleculeCzH4Bz 2 atoms Bror

1 mole CzH4Brz 2 moles Brd atoms

ofmolecules

motor ratio

molecular ratio

mole A m Amole B

T lSimpler to use motor ratios

Given 1.62 moles of CzHyBrz How many hidesof Tsr are in the sample

Mole CzHyBrz moleculesCzHyBzatomsfar rides Br

qualifiesl moleC2H4BZ 6 022 102Smolecules HyBzImolecule CzHyBrz 2 atoms Bl

1 62moleCaltyBrzX zHyBz imoleculeCityBz f3.24moleBr

moleCzHyBrz mole Br

2moleFor1 62 moles

CzltyBrzXµBz3.24 moles Br

Ratios

How much does a molecule of H2O weigh4 I fromIT16.00 aww 16,00 aww1 oxygen atom Toxygen

z hydrogenatoms 89 20114Mhydrogen18.016 aww

U

18.020mihµµg arggumforan individual video

16.00g for1moleof

oxygen atoms

How much does a mole of H2Oweigh4 4

1 008g It 2 Olle g2 mole H x 1 moleHe4 4

16 go 16 OE gl move 0 0t moleH2O

18.02g1moleH2O

18.02g H2O 1 moleH2O

1 181A 8A

1 2H 2 13 14 15 16 17 He

Hydrogen 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Helium1.008 4.0033 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Li Be B C N O F Ne

Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon

6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.1811 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl ArSodium Magnesium 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 8B 8B 1B 2B Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon22.99 24.30 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.9519 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.84 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.8037 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.95 97.91 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.355 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At RnCesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 209 210 22287 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Uuu Uub Uuq Uuh

Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Unununium Ununbium Ununquadium Ununhexium

223 226 261 262 263 262 265 266 269 272 277 289 289

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71Lanthanides La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium

138.9 140.1 140.9 144.2 145 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.089 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Actinides Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No LrActinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

227 232.0 231.0 238.0 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 262

Periodic RegularRepeating PatternPeriodic Table

Etin

A mass of 1mole glmolearmyatom