Ancient Rome spreads its power

What happened when the king’s left?

• ____________________ run government• Plebeians not allowed in gov…although they

were the majority

What did the plebeians do in response?

• ________________________________- ___________________…patricians need the army…patricians are forced to give plebeians power.

What specifically did they do?

• Created the _______________...a set of posted, written laws…no one could change what they said…made __________________

Rome’s Balanced Government… please note balance scale of government in background

• For the best government Rome mixed monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy

• What’s a democratic republic?

Office of the Consul - ____________

• There were _________________• Directed army and government• But his power was limited by 2 laws

1. ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________

2. _________the other’s decisions

___________- ______________

• __________appointments – 100 of them at 1st • Provided ______________and continuity• Plebeians eventually were allowed to be

senators

________________________

• Citizen soldiers were allowed to participate• Gained the ____________________…became

powerful

________– in a league all their own

• In times of great need, Rome would give their leadership to dictators

• Dictators had complete control over Rome• __________________________________• Were chosen by the consuls and approved by

the senate (balance of powers)

Cincinnatus – The best dictator a civilization could ask for

• He literally dropped his plow to become dictator

• He turned Rome around in 15 days• He gave up the dictator position once he fixed

Rome

• What is gravitas? How did he either show it or not?

Cincinnatus in Cincinnati

Rome Expands

• Rome was taking over Latin and Etruscan areas

• As Rome expanded further, they started to also take over the Greek colonies

Rome gets BIGGER• Rome extended citizenship to close territories…those

on the “frontier” were made “_________________” (non-Latins)

• The alternative to not accepting Roman citizenship and rule was certain death and destruction

• Each conquered area became part of Rome– ____________________________________________,

rather than being just Rome’s subjects

Carthage

The “other” Mediterranean City

Two big cities in one little Sea– After the fall of

Athens, there were two cities that rose to prominence:• Rome (we

know about it already)

• ____________________________________________________________

Carthage’s Personal Add

• In 262 B.C., Carthage was _______________ _________, about 250,000 people lived there.

• They had a powerful navy of about 500 ships.• Incredibly _________!• Basically, very powerful due to the ability to

pay ________________to fight in their army.

Rome, on the other hand

• Very small navy• Huge empire could provide a very large army

(500,000 soldiers!)– _______________________________________________– Majored in fighting!

• Very lucky– Captured a Carthaginian ship, and photocopied it 140

times• _____________________________________________________

The Wars

• 1st Punic War– Lasted _______________________– Carthage’s fleet was destroyed in 241 B.C.– _________________________________________

• 2nd Punic War– 218 B.C.– Here is where Hannibal comes in

Hannibal – What should we know?

• ___________________________________(came through the Alps)

• Rome sent three armies to stop the invaders, but they were all crushed.

Hannibal in a nut shell – Hannibal did not attack Rome directly

– Lived off country side, __________________________________________________________________

– Hoped Rome’s allies would get unhappy with the way the Romans were handling the situation and join him

– Waited for __________________________________________________________________

• Finally a ___________________________________________

• Hannibal rushed back to Carthage, where he was _________ in the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.– Scipio becomes known as Scipio Africanus in honor of his victory.

The 3rd Punic War

• 149 B.C to 146 B.C.• Fought for no other reason

then Rome was jealous that Carthage even existed.– ________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Made an excuse to attack Carthage– Scipio Africanus destroyed

the city