An overview ofAn overview of

Biochem. Dept. : Xiaoli Zheng

• 1 Genomics and genomic era

• 2 Two pillars of genomics

• 3 Genomics method and technology

• 4 The progress of genomics research

in China

A Moon-Landing Project

1969, United State’s Apollo 11

Beautiful planet

Life distinguishes our globe from any other planets.

A global view of our homelandA global view of our homeland

Beautiful world, beautiful life!Beautiful world, beautiful life!

Problems

A “polluted” world 污染 A “ hungry ” world 饥饿 An “aging” world 老龄化 An “unhealthy” world 疾病

“Cancer village” in Yunnan ProvinceXu li, 11, bone cancer

A “polluted” world

41,000 children die from hunger and related diseases in the world every year.

A “ hungry ” world

An “aging” world

800 million people step into aging time in China every year.

An “unhealthy” world

Obesity Hypertension Diabetes

The incidence of “civilized diseases” rapidly increases in the developed areas.

We want to solve the problems:

Use biologically degradable materials to clean the world.

Improve the plant to obtain more food.

Use genetic medicine to treat diseases.

New discipline -------------Genomics

Genomics is a discipline in

biochemistry and molecular biology

concerning the study of the genomes of

organisms.

A genome refers the sum total of an

individual organism's genes.

Thus, genomics is the study of all the genes

of a cell, or tissue.

DNA mRNA protein

In contrast, research of single gene does not fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genome's network

s. .

Through genomics research, we may

understand the plant, insect, animal and

human being better.

1977: Microphage X174 噬菌体全基因组测序

1995: Haemophilus inflenzae 嗜血流感菌全基因组测序

2001: Human genome project 人类基因组全基因组测序 .

History of genomics

“The genomic era is now a reality”! --- F. Collins

• 1 Genomics and genomic era

• 2 Two pillars of genomics

• 3 Genomics method and technology

• 4 The progress of genomics research

in China

Life is of sequence.

Life is digital.

Two theory pillars

J. Waston and F. Crick1953

DNA double-helix model DNA双螺旋模型

5’ ATGCATGCATGC 3’3’ TACGTACGTACG 5’

DNA model

Secret of life basically lies in the sequence-based network and four kind of bases (digital) —A,T,C,G.

Life is of sequence.

Life is digital.

• 1 Genomics and genomic era

• 2 Two pillars of genomics

• 3 Genomics method and technology

• 4 The progress of genomics research

in China

Method and technology:

Sequencing

Genome mapping

Data computing Bioinformatic analysis

Sequencing Data computing

Sequencing machine Server and computer

Bioinformatic analysis

Bioinformatics software

• 1 Genomics and genomic era

• 2 Two pillars of genomics

• 3 Genomics method and technology

• 4 The progress of genomics research

in China

“YANHUANG” Initiatives

“SHENGNONG” Initiatives

“XUANYUAN” Initiatives

Three fields

1 “YANHUANG” Initiatives

Human Genome Project

International HapMap Project

Human Cancer Genome Project

To know ourselves

Human genome project indicated

that biology has stepped into the

age of genome.

Human genome project

2001

Goal : To determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome.

International HapMap Project

Samples:（ 270人）

人种 人数 居住地Utah 30×3 尤他州居民（欧洲）

Yoruba 30 ×3 尼日利亚居民（非洲）Han Chinese 45 北京居民（亚洲）

Japanese 45 日本居民（亚洲）

DNA Analyses RNA Analysis Protein Analysis

Human Cancer Genome Project

Samples（ 12,500）：50 cancers： 250 samples/cancer

2 “SHENGNONG” Initiatives

To know our friends:

Chinese Herbal

To know our enemies:

pathogens

Cordyceps sinensis Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix Bupleuri Chinensis Radix Astragali

Chinese Herbal

Yersinia pestis

Avian influenza virus

Streptococcus suis

SARS virus

pathogens

3 “XUANYUAN” Initiatives

Economy/Ecology-Genome Project

silkworm rice chick

2002 2002 2004

A clean world A full world

A healthy world

Summary

1 Concept: genome, genomics

2 How to understand the two pillars of genomics?

3 What are the main technologies of genomics?

4 How is the progress of Chinese genomics project?

Reference:

Gene VIII:

A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing. Nature 2010. Oct;467:1061-73.

Initial sequencing of the human genome. Nature 2001.Feb;409:860-921.

http//www.genome.cn/index.php