Post on 16-Mar-2020
Head Office: 225 Queensport Road
Murarrie, Brisbane QLD 4172 Australia
Phone: (61-7) 3890 9400 Fax: (61-7) 3890 9444
Shanghai Office: Suite 1502 Yuan Mansion
738 Dong Fang Road Shanghai 200120, China
Phone: (86-21) 5830 3488 Fax: (86-21) 5830 1730
Beijing Office: 7G No 4 Office Building
City Plaza No (A) 3 Shilipu Chaoyang District Beijing 100025,
China Phone: (86-10) 6556 2554 Fax: (86-10) 6556 2517
Ammonia Chillers Stefan S. Jensen,
B.Sc.Eng, F.AIRAH, FIEAust, CPEng, NPER
Scantec Refrigeration Technologies
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Introduction
Ammonia
• Admirable safety record (statistically <2 fatalities per 1 billion inhabitants of 14 countries per year; source: IIAR Dallas, 2009)
• Natural refrigerant (used for >130 years)
• Very favourable transport properties
The case studies will provide an overview of actual operating air conditioning systems using NH3 as working fluid.
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Why NH3?
Global HFC emissions by 2050 are ~9-19% (CO2e basis) of projected global CO2 emissions in the BAU scenario.
Source: Velders et al
This rises to 28-45% in a 450 ppm CO2 stabilization scenario.
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Why NH3?
• 16th of December 2013 EU agrees to phase down HFC’s by 79% by 2030
• June 2013 agreement between Presidents Xi and Obama to work together towards an HFC phase-down
• 6th of September 2013 Australia commits internationally to HFC phase-down by 2030
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Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013
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Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013
Source: The Globe Climate Legislation Study: “A review of climate change legislation in 66 countries, 4th edition”
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Engine Room
Location Brisbane CBD
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Engine Room
Location CBD
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Chiller Plant with NH3
BEFORE
R134A Centrifugal Chillers
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Condensers
Evaporators
NH3 accumulator
Receiver
HP float
Screw compressors
Chiller Plant with NH3
AFTER
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Condensers
NH3 accumulator
Receiver
HP float
Screw compressors
NH3 charge = 1300 kg or ~0.2 kg/kW
Evaporators
Chiller Plant with NH3
AFTER
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Evaporators
Compressor
Relief valve
Condensers
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Chiller Plant with NH3
NH3 Scrubbers
465 kW VFD’s
MCC A/C
Annual reduction from 40% to <30%
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Public building with NH3
BEFORE
Two Air Cooled R22 Water Chillers for Office Air Conditioning, 1200 kW
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Public building with NH3
Condenser
HCFC 22 Compressors
HCFC 22 DX AHU
BEFORE
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AFTER
Two Water Cooled R717 Water Chillers, 1200 kW
Annual Energy Saving
500 MWh
Public building with NH3
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Public building with NH3
AFTER
Connection of Basement AHU
Roof top plant room
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Public building with NH3
AFTER
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Public building with NH3
Emergency Ventilation – 41.4 m3/s
<20% of LEL or <30,000 ppm
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Future Heat Recovery System
Edwards GXC50 indirect, open vented, high pressure water tank to AS3498
Existing 613315 hot water system used as booster
Cold water
NH3 compressor
Desuperheater
~66 m
Public building with NH3
AFTER
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Commercial offices
Completed
During Construction
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Commercial offices
Design Refrigeration Capacities
System LT HT Refrigerant NH3 NH3 PGB CHW System temperature, [°C] -24 -10 -7 5 Capacity, [kW] 160 0 719 619
Legend: LT: Low Temperature HT: High Temperature PGB: Propylene Glycol Brine CHW: Chilled Water
Chilled water system services >50 air conditioned office spaces
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Commercial offices
CHW
LT
SBY PGB
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Commercial offices
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Conclusions
▪ No HFC Levy (GWP for NH3 = 0) ▪ No environmental impact of fugitive gas loss ▪ Superior COP
▪ Annual NH3 leakage rate <1%
▪ Suitable for high grade heat recovery
▪ Enables elimination of all SGG’s
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Conclusions
Plant room design – HFC versus NH3 • Unobstructed escape routes – lack of same eliminates NH3 • Charge cost of HFC plant 10-20 times higher than NH3 • Change of image by factory packaging of NH3 systems • Increased production numbers of factory assembled NH3
packages ⇒ lower capital costs • Barriers: Legislation (policies, standards),
technology/safety, supply/availability (components etc.), psychology (perceptions, acceptance), funding/costs (subsidies, tax etc.), markets (competition, demands etc.), training/know-how
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