Ammonia Chillers - AIRAH · 3/13/2014 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd 26 . Conclusions ....
Transcript of Ammonia Chillers - AIRAH · 3/13/2014 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd 26 . Conclusions ....
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Head Office: 225 Queensport Road
Murarrie, Brisbane QLD 4172 Australia
Phone: (61-7) 3890 9400 Fax: (61-7) 3890 9444
Shanghai Office: Suite 1502 Yuan Mansion
738 Dong Fang Road Shanghai 200120, China
Phone: (86-21) 5830 3488 Fax: (86-21) 5830 1730
Beijing Office: 7G No 4 Office Building
City Plaza No (A) 3 Shilipu Chaoyang District Beijing 100025,
China Phone: (86-10) 6556 2554 Fax: (86-10) 6556 2517
Ammonia Chillers Stefan S. Jensen,
B.Sc.Eng, F.AIRAH, FIEAust, CPEng, NPER
Scantec Refrigeration Technologies
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3/13/2014 2 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Introduction
Ammonia
• Admirable safety record (statistically <2 fatalities per 1 billion inhabitants of 14 countries per year; source: IIAR Dallas, 2009)
• Natural refrigerant (used for >130 years)
• Very favourable transport properties
The case studies will provide an overview of actual operating air conditioning systems using NH3 as working fluid.
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3/13/2014 3 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Why NH3?
Global HFC emissions by 2050 are ~9-19% (CO2e basis) of projected global CO2 emissions in the BAU scenario.
Source: Velders et al
This rises to 28-45% in a 450 ppm CO2 stabilization scenario.
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3/13/2014 4 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Why NH3?
• 16th of December 2013 EU agrees to phase down HFC’s by 79% by 2030
• June 2013 agreement between Presidents Xi and Obama to work together towards an HFC phase-down
• 6th of September 2013 Australia commits internationally to HFC phase-down by 2030
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3/13/2014 5 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013
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3/13/2014 6 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013
Source: The Globe Climate Legislation Study: “A review of climate change legislation in 66 countries, 4th edition”
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3/13/2014 7 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Chiller Plant with NH3
Engine Room
Location Brisbane CBD
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3/13/2014 8 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Chiller Plant with NH3
Engine Room
Location CBD
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3/13/2014 9 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Chiller Plant with NH3
BEFORE
R134A Centrifugal Chillers
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3/13/2014 10 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Condensers
Evaporators
NH3 accumulator
Receiver
HP float
Screw compressors
Chiller Plant with NH3
AFTER
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3/13/2014 11 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Condensers
NH3 accumulator
Receiver
HP float
Screw compressors
NH3 charge = 1300 kg or ~0.2 kg/kW
Evaporators
Chiller Plant with NH3
AFTER
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3/13/2014 12 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Chiller Plant with NH3
Evaporators
Compressor
Relief valve
Condensers
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3/13/2014 13 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Chiller Plant with NH3
NH3 Scrubbers
465 kW VFD’s
MCC A/C
Annual reduction from 40% to <30%
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3/13/2014 14 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Public building with NH3
BEFORE
Two Air Cooled R22 Water Chillers for Office Air Conditioning, 1200 kW
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3/13/2014 15 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Public building with NH3
Condenser
HCFC 22 Compressors
HCFC 22 DX AHU
BEFORE
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3/13/2014 16 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
AFTER
Two Water Cooled R717 Water Chillers, 1200 kW
Annual Energy Saving
500 MWh
Public building with NH3
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3/13/2014 17 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Public building with NH3
AFTER
Connection of Basement AHU
Roof top plant room
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3/13/2014 18 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Public building with NH3
AFTER
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3/13/2014 19 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Public building with NH3
Emergency Ventilation – 41.4 m3/s
<20% of LEL or <30,000 ppm
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3/13/2014 20 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Future Heat Recovery System
Edwards GXC50 indirect, open vented, high pressure water tank to AS3498
Existing 613315 hot water system used as booster
Cold water
NH3 compressor
Desuperheater
~66 m
Public building with NH3
AFTER
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3/13/2014 21 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Commercial offices
Completed
During Construction
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3/13/2014 22 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Commercial offices
Design Refrigeration Capacities
System LT HT Refrigerant NH3 NH3 PGB CHW System temperature, [°C] -24 -10 -7 5 Capacity, [kW] 160 0 719 619
Legend: LT: Low Temperature HT: High Temperature PGB: Propylene Glycol Brine CHW: Chilled Water
Chilled water system services >50 air conditioned office spaces
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3/13/2014 23 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Commercial offices
CHW
LT
SBY PGB
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3/13/2014 24 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Commercial offices
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3/13/2014 25 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Conclusions
▪ No HFC Levy (GWP for NH3 = 0) ▪ No environmental impact of fugitive gas loss ▪ Superior COP
▪ Annual NH3 leakage rate <1%
▪ Suitable for high grade heat recovery
▪ Enables elimination of all SGG’s
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3/13/2014 26 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd
Conclusions
Plant room design – HFC versus NH3 • Unobstructed escape routes – lack of same eliminates NH3 • Charge cost of HFC plant 10-20 times higher than NH3 • Change of image by factory packaging of NH3 systems • Increased production numbers of factory assembled NH3
packages ⇒ lower capital costs • Barriers: Legislation (policies, standards),
technology/safety, supply/availability (components etc.), psychology (perceptions, acceptance), funding/costs (subsidies, tax etc.), markets (competition, demands etc.), training/know-how
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3/13/2014 27 scantec refrigeration technologies Pty Ltd